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Cheng T, Liu C, Wang Y, Li G, Feng L, Zhang S, Qi B, Cui J, Guo L, Cao L, Wang Y, Qi Z, Yang L. A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor Se-SAHA attenuates isoproterenol-induced heart failure via antioxidative stress and autophagy inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116957. [PMID: 38735590 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) regulation of gene expression, the inhibition of which is thought to be beneficial for heart failure therapy. Here, we explored the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanism of a novel selenium-containing HDAC inhibitor, Se-SAHA, on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure. We found that pretreatment with Se-SAHA attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Se-SAHA significantly attenuated the generation of ISO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restored the expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in vitro. Furthermore, Se-SAHA pretreatment prevented the accumulation of autophagosomes. Se-SAHA reversed the high expression of HDAC1 and HDAC6 induced by ISO incubation. However, after the addition of the HDAC agonist, the effect of Se-SAHA on blocking autophagy was inhibited. Using ISO-induced mouse models, cardiac ventricular contractile dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis was reduced treated by Se-SAHA. In addition, Se-SAHA inhibited HDAC1 and HDAC6 overexpression in ISO-treated mice. Se-SAHA treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD2 and improved the ability to eliminate free radicals. Se-SAHA hindered the excessive levels of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin-1 in heart failure mice. Collectively, our results indicate that Se-SAHA exerts cardio-protection against ISO-induced heart failure via antioxidative stress and autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangru Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shengzheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lihong Guo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, China.
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Gameiro A, Urbano AC, Ferreira F. Emerging Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies in Feline Mammary Carcinoma. Vet Sci 2021; 8:164. [PMID: 34437486 PMCID: PMC8402877 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive malignancy with a low survival rate that lacks viable therapeutic options beyond mastectomy. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying FMC development, using the knowledge gained from studies on human breast cancer to discover new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, thus reinforcing the utility of the cat as a cancer model. In this article, we review the current knowledge on FMC pathogenesis, biomarkers, and prognosis factors and offer new insights into novel therapeutic options for HER2-positive and triple-negative FMC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (A.C.U.)
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3
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Almeida F, Gameiro A, Correia J, Ferreira F. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Microtubule Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis in Feline Luminal Mammary Carcinoma Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020502. [PMID: 33671894 PMCID: PMC7918990 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline mammary tumors (FMT) are very common in cats, associated with very aggressive behavior and a short life expectancy. Surgery is the most used treatment but tumor recurrence is common. Currently, available therapies are insufficient, therefore, new molecular targets are needed to develop more efficient therapeutics. Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have been developed to target tumor cells, by disrupting gene expression and leading to cell death. Microtubules inhibitors (MTIs) have also been a focus of research, to target polymerization of microtubules, and consequently disturbing the cytoskeleton and leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, there are few studies on the use of HDACis and MTIs in cats. In this study, we addressed if these two drug classes could be used as new therapeutic options in FMTs. All HDACis and MTIs exhibited suitable and dose-dependent antitumor effects in FMT cell lines. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the mode of action of HDACis is conserved in feline mammary tumor cell lines. Finally, flow cytometry showed that exposure with HDACis and MTIs lead to the induction of cellular apoptosis. In summary, HDACis and MTIs possess antitumor properties suggesting further studies on their use in the treatment of feline mammary tumors. Abstract Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is the third most common type of neoplasia in cats, sharing similar epidemiological features with human breast cancer. In humans, histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, with HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) disrupting gene expression and leading to cell death. In parallel, microtubules inhibitors (MTIs) interfere with the polymerization of microtubules, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although HDACis and MTIs are used in human cancer patients, in cats, data is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor properties of six HDACis (CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, and trichostatin A) and four MTIs (colchicine, nocodazole, paclitaxel, and vinblastine) using three FMC cell lines (CAT-MT, FMCp, and FMCm), and compared with the human breast cancer cell line (SK-BR-3). HDACis and MTIs exhibited dose-dependent antitumor effects in FMC cell lines, and for all inhibitors, the IC50 values were determined, with one feline cell line showing reduced susceptibility (FMCm). Immunoblot analysis confirmed an increase in the acetylation status of core histone protein HDAC3 and flow cytometry showed that HDACis and MTIs lead to cellular apoptosis. Overall, our study uncovers HDACis and MTIs as promising anti-cancer agents to treat FMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Almeida
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.G.); (J.C.)
- Antiviral Resistance Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gameiro
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.G.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-365-2800 (ext. 431234)
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4
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Wallner M, Eaton DM, Berretta RM, Liesinger L, Schittmayer M, Gindlhuber J, Wu J, Jeong MY, Lin YH, Borghetti G, Baker ST, Zhao H, Pfleger J, Blass S, Rainer PP, von Lewinski D, Bugger H, Mohsin S, Graier WF, Zirlik A, McKinsey TA, Birner-Gruenberger R, Wolfson MR, Houser SR. HDAC inhibition improves cardiopulmonary function in a feline model of diastolic dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay7205. [PMID: 31915304 PMCID: PMC7065257 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major health problem without effective therapies. This study assessed the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on cardiopulmonary structure, function, and metabolism in a large mammalian model of pressure overload recapitulating features of diastolic dysfunction common to human HFpEF. Male domestic short-hair felines (n = 31, aged 2 months) underwent a sham procedure (n = 10) or loose aortic banding (n = 21), resulting in slow-progressive pressure overload. Two months after banding, animals were treated daily with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (b + SAHA, 10 mg/kg, n = 8), a Food and Drug Administration-approved pan-HDAC inhibitor, or vehicle (b + veh, n = 8) for 2 months. Echocardiography at 4 months after banding revealed that b + SAHA animals had significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (P < 0.0001) and left atrium size (P < 0.0001) versus b + veh animals. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly reduced in b + SAHA (P < 0.01) versus b + veh. SAHA increased myofibril relaxation ex vivo, which correlated with in vivo improvements of LV relaxation. Furthermore, SAHA treatment preserved lung structure, compliance, blood oxygenation, and reduced perivascular fluid cuffs around extra-alveolar vessels, suggesting attenuated alveolar capillary stress failure. Acetylation proteomics revealed that SAHA altered lysine acetylation of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes. These results suggest that acetylation defects in hypertrophic stress can be reversed by HDAC inhibitors, with implications for improving cardiac structure and function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jichuan Wu
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mark Y Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ying H Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sandy T Baker
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sandra Blass
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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5
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Gomez-Lucia E, Collado VM, Miró G, Martín S, Benítez L, Doménech A. Follow-Up of Viral Parameters in FeLV- or FIV-Naturally Infected Cats Treated Orally with Low Doses of Human Interferon Alpha. Viruses 2019; 11:E845. [PMID: 31514435 PMCID: PMC6783854 DOI: 10.3390/v11090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific treatments for the long-life infections by feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are either toxic, expensive or not too effective. Interferon α (IFN-α) is an immunomodulatory molecule which has been shown in vitro to decrease the release of infective particles. The aim of this study was to follow the progress of the clinical score and viral parameters of FeLV- and FIV-naturally infected privately owned cats treated with recombinant human IFN-α (rHuIFN-α, Roferon-A). Twenty-seven FeLV-infected cats (FeLV+) and 31 FIV-infected cats (FIV+) were enrolled in the study. Owners were instructed to orally administer 1 mL/day of 60 IU rHuIFN-α/mL in alternating weeks for four months. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study (M0), mid-treatment (M2), end of treatment (M4), and 6-10 months later (M10). Clinical status at these time points improved notably with rHuIFN-α treatment, regardless of the initial severity of the disease, an effect which lasted throughout the study in most animals (15 of the 16 FeLV+ symptomatic cats; 20 of the 22 FIV+ symptomatic cats) improved markedly their clinical situation. In FeLV+ cats plasma antigenemia (p27CA), reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, and proviral load decreased at M2 and M4 but increased again at M10 ("rebound effect"). The level of antigenemia or RT activity was below the detection limits in FIV+ cats, and the effect on proviral load was less marked than in FeLV+ cats. Taken together, these results indicate that rHuIFN-α is a good candidate for treating FeLV+ cats, but the "rebound effect" seen when treatment was discontinued suggests that additional studies should be conducted to clarify its effect on progression of the infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victorio M Collado
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Murphy BG, Eckstrand C, Castillo D, Poon A, Liepnieks M, Harmon K, Moore P. Multiple, Independent T Cell Lymphomas Arising in an Experimentally FIV-Infected Cat during the Terminal Stage of Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060280. [PMID: 29794987 PMCID: PMC6024646 DOI: 10.3390/v10060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory has serially reported on the virologic and immunopathologic features of a cohort of experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats for more than eight years. At 8.09 years post infection (PI), one of these animals entered the terminal stage of infection, characterized by undulating hyperthermia, progressive anorexia, weight loss, and pancytopenia; the animal was not responsive to therapeutic interventions, necessitating euthanasia six weeks later (8.20 years PI). Subsequent analyses indicated that neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrated multiple cervical lymph nodes and a band-like region of the mucosal lamina propria within a segment of the intestine. Immunohistochemistry and T cell clonality testing determined that the nodal and intestinal lesions were independently arising from CD3 T cell lymphomas. In-situ RNA hybridization studies indicated that diffuse neoplastic lymphocytes from the cervical lymph node contained abundant viral nucleic acid, while viral nucleic acid was not detectable in lymphocytes from the intestinal lymphoma lesion. The proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) was amplified and sequenced from multiple anatomic sites, and a common clone containing a single nucleotide polymorphism was determined to be defective in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-mediated promoter activation in a reporter gene assay. This assay revealed a previously unidentified PMA response element within the FIV U3 region 3’ to the TATA box. The possible implications of these results on FIV-lymphoma pathogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Christina Eckstrand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - Diego Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Andre Poon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Molly Liepnieks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Kristy Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Peter Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
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7
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Nag M, De Paris K, E Fogle J. Epigenetic Modulation of CD8⁺ T Cell Function in Lentivirus Infections: A Review. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050227. [PMID: 29710792 PMCID: PMC5977220 DOI: 10.3390/v10050227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling viremia during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These cells produce cytolytic factors and antiviral cytokines that eliminate virally- infected cells. During the chronic phase of HIV infection, CD8+ T cells progressively lose their proliferative capacity and antiviral functions. These dysfunctional cells are unable to clear the productively infected and reactivated cells, representing a roadblock in HIV cure. Therefore, mechanisms to understand CD8+ T cell dysfunction and strategies to boost CD8+ T cell function need to be investigated. Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for lentiviral persistence, we have demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhibit epigenetic changes such as DNA demethylation during the course of infection as compared to uninfected cats. We have also demonstrated that lentivirus-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells induce forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cell targets, which binds the interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ promoters in these CD8+ T cells. Finally, we have reported that epigenetic modulation reduces Foxp3 binding to these promoter regions. This review compares and contrasts our current understanding of CD8+ T cell epigenetics and mechanisms of lymphocyte suppression during the course of lentiviral infection for two animal models, FIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Nag
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Fogle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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8
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Eckstrand CD, Sparger EE, Murphy BG. Central and peripheral reservoirs of feline immunodeficiency virus in cats: a review. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1985-1996. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chrissy D. Eckstrand
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4003 Animal Disease Biotechnology Facility, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Ellen E. Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 3115 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian G. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4206 Vet Med 3A, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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9
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Zheng K, Jiang Y, He Z, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Cellular defence or viral assist: the dilemma of HDAC6. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:322-337. [PMID: 27959772 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique cytoplasmic deacetylase that regulates various important biological processes by preventing protein aggregation and deacetylating different non-histone substrates including tubulin, heat shock protein 90, cortactin, retinoic acid inducible gene I and β-catenin. Growing evidence has indicated a dual role for HDAC6 in viral infection and pathogenesis: HDAC6 may represent a host defence mechanism against viral infection by modulating microtubule acetylation, triggering antiviral immune response and stimulating protective autophagy, or it may be hijacked by the virus to enhance proinflammatory response. In this review, we will highlight current data illustrating the complexity and importance of HDAC6 in viral pathogenesis. We will summarize the structure and functional specificity of HDAC6, and its deacetylase- and ubiquitin-dependent activity in key cellular events in response to virus infection. We will also discuss how HDAC6 exerts its direct or indirect histone modification ability in viral lytic-latency switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Multi-dose Romidepsin Reactivates Replication Competent SIV in Post-antiretroviral Rhesus Macaque Controllers. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005879. [PMID: 27632364 PMCID: PMC5025140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses that persist despite seemingly effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) and can reinitiate infection if treatment is stopped preclude definitive treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, requiring lifelong ART. Among strategies proposed for targeting these viral reservoirs, the premise of the “shock and kill” strategy is to induce expression of latent proviruses [for example with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis)] resulting in elimination of the affected cells through viral cytolysis or immune clearance mechanisms. Yet, ex vivo studies reported that HDACis have variable efficacy for reactivating latent proviruses, and hinder immune functions. We developed a nonhuman primate model of post-treatment control of SIV through early and prolonged administration of ART and performed in vivo reactivation experiments in controller RMs, evaluating the ability of the HDACi romidepsin (RMD) to reactivate SIV and the impact of RMD treatment on SIV-specific T cell responses. Ten RMs were IV-infected with a SIVsmmFTq transmitted-founder infectious molecular clone. Four RMs received conventional ART for >9 months, starting from 65 days post-infection. SIVsmmFTq plasma viremia was robustly controlled to <10 SIV RNA copies/mL with ART, without viral blips. At ART cessation, initial rebound viremia to ~106 copies/mL was followed by a decline to < 10 copies/mL, suggesting effective immune control. Three post-treatment controller RMs received three doses of RMD every 35–50 days, followed by in vivo experimental depletion of CD8+ cells using monoclonal antibody M-T807R1. RMD was well-tolerated and resulted in a rapid and massive surge in T cell activation, as well as significant virus rebounds (~104 copies/ml) peaking at 5–12 days post-treatment. CD8+ cell depletion resulted in a more robust viral rebound (107 copies/ml) that was controlled upon CD8+ T cell recovery. Our results show that RMD can reactivate SIV in vivo in the setting of post-ART viral control. Comparison of the patterns of virus rebound after RMD administration and CD8+ cell depletion suggested that RMD impact on T cells is only transient and does not irreversibly alter the ability of SIV-specific T cells to control the reactivated virus. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV-1 in infected individuals due to virus persistence in latently infected reservoir cells, despite apparently effective ART. The persistent virus and can rekindle infection when ART is interrupted. The goal of the “shock and kill” viral clearance strategy is to induce expression of latent proviruses and eliminate the infected cells through viral cytolysis or immune clearance mechanisms. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) tested to date have been reported to have variable effects, both on virus reactivation and on immune functions. We performed in vivo reactivation experiments in SIV-infected RMs that controlled viral replication after a period of ART to evaluate the ability of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin (RMD) to reactivate SIV and its impact on SIV-specific immune responses. Our results suggest that RMD treatment can increase virus expression in this setting, and that it does not markedly or durably impair the ability of SIV-specific T cells to control viral replication.
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Policicchio BB, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Animal Models for HIV Cure Research. Front Immunol 2016; 7:12. [PMID: 26858716 PMCID: PMC4729870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to spread unabated worldwide, and no vaccine exists within our grasp. Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been developed, but ART cannot clear the virus from the infected patient. A cure for HIV-1 is badly needed to stop both the spread of the virus in human populations and disease progression in infected individuals. A safe and effective cure strategy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection will require multiple tools, and appropriate animal models are tools that are central to cure research. An ideal animal model should recapitulate the essential aspects of HIV pathogenesis and associated immune responses, while permitting invasive studies, thus allowing a thorough evaluation of strategies aimed at reducing the size of the reservoir (functional cure) or eliminating the reservoir altogether (sterilizing cure). Since there is no perfect animal model for cure research, multiple models have been tailored and tested to address specific quintessential questions of virus persistence and eradication. The development of new non-human primate and mouse models, along with a certain interest in the feline model, has the potential to fuel cure research. In this review, we highlight the major animal models currently utilized for cure research and the contributions of each model to this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Eckstrand CD, Hillman C, Smith AL, Sparger EE, Murphy BG. Viral Reservoirs in Lymph Nodes of FIV-Infected Progressor and Long-Term Non-Progressor Cats during the Asymptomatic Phase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146285. [PMID: 26741651 PMCID: PMC4704817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Examination of a cohort of cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) for 5.75 years revealed detectable proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) harvested during the asymptomatic phase, undetectable plasma viral RNA (FIV gag), and rarely detectable cell-associated viral RNA. Despite apparent viral latency in peripheral CD4+ T cells, circulating CD4+ T cell numbers progressively declined in progressor animals. The aim of this study was to explore this dichotomy of peripheral blood viral latency in the face of progressive immunopathology. The viral replication status, cellular immunophenotypes, and histopathologic features were compared between popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs) and peripheral blood. Also, we identified and further characterized one of the FIV-infected cats identified as a long-term non-progressor (LTNP). Results PLN-derived leukocytes from FIV-infected cats during the chronic asymptomatic phase demonstrated active viral gag transcription and FIV protein translation as determined by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and in situ immunohistochemistry, whereas viral RNA in blood leukocytes was either undetectable or intermittently detectable and viral protein was not detected. Active transcription of viral RNA was detectable in PLN-derived CD4+ and CD21+ leukocytes. Replication competent provirus was reactivated ex vivo from PLN-derived leukocytes from three of four FIV-infected cats. Progressor cats showed a persistent and dramatically decreased proportion and absolute count of CD4+ T cells in blood, and a decreased proportion of CD4+ T cells in PLNs. A single long-term non-progressor (LTNP) cat persistently demonstrated an absolute peripheral blood CD4+ T cell count indistinguishable from uninfected animals, a lower proviral load in unfractionated blood and PLN leukocytes, and very low amounts of viral RNA in the PLN. Conclusion Collectively our data indicates that PLNs harbor important reservoirs of ongoing viral replication during the asymptomatic phase of infection, in spite of undetectable viral activity in peripheral blood. A thorough understanding of tissue-based lentiviral reservoirs is fundamental to medical interventions to eliminate virus or prolong the asymptomatic phase of FIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Eckstrand
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - C Hillman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - A L Smith
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - E E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - B G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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