1
|
Sun F, Xu Y, Deng Z, Yang P. A recombinant oncolytic influenza virus expressing a PD-L1 antibody induces CD8 + T-cell activation via the cGas-STING pathway in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110323. [PMID: 37207446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate targeted killing of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by a recombinant oncolytic influenza virus expressing a PD-L1 antibody (rgFlu/PD-L1) and to develop a novel immunotherapy for HCC. METHODS Using influenza virus reverse genetics, a recombinant oncolytic virus was generated in the background of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, then identified via screening and passage in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell killing by rgFlu/PD-L1 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analyses were used to explore PD-L1 expression and function. Western blotting revealed that PD-L1 activated the cGas-STING pathway. RESULTS rgFlu/PD-L1 expressed the PD-L1 heavy and light chain in PB1 and PA, respectively; PR8 served as the backbone. The hemagglutinin titer of rgFlu/PD-L1 was 29, and the virus titer was 9-10 logTCID50/mL. Electron microscopy revealed that the rgFlu/PD-L1 morphology and size were consistent with wild-type influenza virus. The MTS assay showed that rgFlu/PD-L1 induced significant killing of HCC cells but not normal cells. rgFlu/PD-L1 inhibited PD-L1 expression and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Notably, rgFlu/PD-L1 controlled the viability and function of CD8+ T cells by activating the cGas-STING pathway. CONCLUSION rgFlu/PD-L1 activated the cGas-STING pathway in CD8+ T cells, causing them to kill HCC cells. This approach represents a novel immunotherapy for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mucosal Priming with a Recombinant Influenza A Virus-Vectored Vaccine Elicits T-Cell and Antibody Responses to HIV-1 in Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00059-21. [PMID: 33789991 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant influenza A viral (IAV) vectors are potential to stimulate systemic and mucosal immunity, but the packaging capacity is limited and only one or a few epitopes can be carried. Here, we report the generation of a replication-competent IAV vector that carries a full-length HIV-1 p24 gene linked to the 5'-terminal coding region of the neuraminidase segment via a protease cleavage sequence (IAV-p24). IAV-p24 was successfully rescued and stably propagated, and P24 protein was efficiently expressed in infected mammalian cells. In BALB/c mice, IAV-p24 showed attenuated pathogenicity compared to that of the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. An intranasal inoculation with IAV-p24 elicited moderate HIV-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in the airway and vaginal tracts and in the spleen, and an intranasal boost with a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 2 vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene (Ad2-gag) greatly improved these responses. Importantly, compared to an Ad2-gag prime plus IAV-p24 boost regimen, the IAV-p24 prime plus Ad2-gag boost regimen had a greater efficacy in eliciting HIV-specific CMI responses. P24-specific CD8+ T cells and antibodies were robustly provoked both systemically and in mucosal sites and showed long-term durability, revealing that IAV-p24 may be used as a mucosa-targeted priming vaccine. Our results illustrate that IAV-p24 is able to prime systemic and mucosal immunity against HIV-1 and warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.IMPORTANCE An effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive despite nearly 40 years of research. CD8+ T cells and protective antibodies may both be desirable for preventing HIV-1 infection in susceptible mucosal sites. Recombinant influenza A virus (IAV) vector has the potential to stimulate these immune responses, but the packaging capacity is extremely limited. Here, we describe a replication-competent IAV vector expressing the HIV-1 p24 gene (IAV-p24). Unlike most other IAV vectors that carried one or several antigenic epitopes, IAV-p24 stably expressed the full-length P24 protein, which contains multiple epitopes and is highly conserved among all known HIV-1 sequences. Compared to the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, IAV-p24 showed an attenuated pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. When combined with an adenovirus vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene, IAV-p24 was able to prime P24-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. IAV-p24 as an alternative priming vaccine against HIV-1 warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.
Collapse
|
3
|
To Include or Occlude: Rational Engineering of HCV Vaccines for Humoral Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050805. [PMID: 33946211 PMCID: PMC8146105 DOI: 10.3390/v13050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral agents have proven highly effective at treating existing hepatitis C infections but despite their availability most countries will not reach the World Health Organization targets for elimination of HCV by 2030. A prophylactic vaccine remains a high priority. Whilst early vaccines focused largely on generating T cell immunity, attention is now aimed at vaccines that generate humoral immunity, either alone or in combination with T cell-based vaccines. High-resolution structures of hepatitis C viral glycoproteins and their interaction with monoclonal antibodies isolated from both cleared and chronically infected people, together with advances in vaccine technologies, provide new avenues for vaccine development.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lei GL, Wang LP, Dong SH, Sun F, Cheng JX, Yang XL, Zhang SG, Wang XL, Wang XX, Yang PH. A recombinant influenza virus with a CTLA4-specific scFv inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1202-1210. [PMID: 33501754 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) have shown excellent safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. Influenza A virus (IAV) is considered a promising oncolytic virus. In this report, we generated a recombinant influenza virus expressing an immune checkpoint blockade agent targeting CTLA4. Using reverse genetics, a recombinant influenza virus, termed rFlu-CTLA4, encoding the heavy chain of a CTLA4 antibody on the PB1 segment and the light chain of the CTLA4 antibody on the PA segment was produced. RFlu-CTLA4 could replicate to high titers, and antibodies were produced in the allantoic fluid of infected eggs. Furthermore, the selective cytotoxicity of the virus was higher in various hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell lines than in the normal cell line L02 in vitro, as indicated by MTS assays. More importantly, in a subcutaneous H22 mouse hepatocarcinoma model, intratumoral injections of rFlu-CTLA4 inhibited the growth of treated tumors and increased the overall survival of mice compared with injections of the PR8 virus. Taken together, these results warrant further exploration of this novel recombinant influenza virus for its potential use as a single or combination agent for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Peng Wang
- 66400 Military Hospital, Beijing, China.,First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suo-Hua Dong
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xia Cheng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Geng Zhang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Hui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gerlach T, Elbahesh H, Saletti G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Recombinant influenza A viruses as vaccine vectors. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:379-392. [PMID: 30777467 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1582338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various viruses, including poxviruses, adenoviruses and vesicular stomatitis virus, have been considered as vaccine vectors for the delivery of antigens of interest in the development of vaccines against newly emerging pathogens. AREAS COVERED Here, we review results that have been obtained with influenza A viruses (IAV) as vaccine vectors. With the advent of reverse genetics technology, IAV-based recombinant vaccine candidates have been constructed that induce protective immunity to a variety of different pathogens of interest, including West Nile virus, Plasmodium falciparum and respiratory syncytial virus. The various cloning strategies to produce effective and attenuated, safe to use IAV-based viral vectors are discussed. EXPERT COMMENTARY It was concluded that IAV-based vector system has several advantages and holds promise for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerlach
- a Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) , Hannover , Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- a Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) , Hannover , Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- a Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) , Hannover , Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- a Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) , Hannover , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Penghui Y, Fang S, Ruilan W, Guanglin L, Hongjing G, Yueqiang D, Zhongpeng Z, Xiaolan Y, Zhaohai W, Shaogeng Z, Xiliang W. Oncolytic Activity of a Novel Influenza A Virus Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:330-338. [PMID: 30205709 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Influenza A virus has shown potential as an oncolytic agent. In this study, a recombinant PR8 influenza viral vector, called delNS1-GM-CSF, was generated with a partial deletion in NS and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) coding sequence inserted into the influenza nonstructural protein 1 gene. The morphological characteristics of delNS1-GM-CSF were examined. The delNS1-GM-CSF virus replicated well in various cell lines, including MDCK, A549, SMCC7721, and HepG2 cells. Moreover, selective cytotoxicity of the virus was observed in various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, while no effect was demonstrated in the normal liver cell line LO2, as indicated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and crystal violet assays. Importantly, using a model based on the growth of HepG2 cells as a xenograft in nude mice, it was found that a reassortant delNS1-GM-CSF virus inhibited tumor growth significantly following intratumoral injection in a dose-dependent manner. Ex vivo results showed that the tumor inhibition efficacy of delNS1-GM-CSF was observed in HCC clinical samples. Taken together, these results are the first to demonstrate that influenza A viruses may have potential as oncolytic virotherapeutic agents against HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Penghui
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sun Fang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wang Ruilan
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guanglin
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gu Hongjing
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Duan Yueqiang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhongpeng
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiaolan
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wang Zhaohai
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Shaogeng
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wang Xiliang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|