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Wong PF, Isakova-Sivak I, Stepanova E, Krutikova E, Bazhenova E, Rekstin A, Rudenko L. Development of Cross-Reactive Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates against Both Lineages of Influenza B Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:95. [PMID: 38250908 PMCID: PMC10821225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses continue to cause a significant social and economic burden globally. Vaccination is recognized as the most effective measure to control influenza. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are an effective means of preventing influenza, especially among children. A reverse genetics (RG) system is required to rapidly update the antigenic composition of vaccines, as well as to design LAIVs with a broader spectrum of protection. Such a system has been developed for the Russian LAIVs only for type A strains, but not for influenza B viruses (IBV). METHODS All genes of the B/USSR/60/69 master donor virus (B60) were cloned into RG plasmids, and the engineered B60, as well as a panel of IBV LAIV reassortants were rescued from plasmid DNAs encoding all viral genes. The engineered viruses were evaluated in vitro and in a mouse model. RESULTS The B60 RG system was successfully developed, which made it possible to rescue LAIV reassortants with the desired antigenic composition, including hybrid strains with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes belonging to the viruses from different IBV lineages. The LAIV candidate carrying the HA of the B/Victoria-lineage virus and NA from the B/Yamagata-lineage virus demonstrated optimal characteristics in terms of safety, immunogenicity and cross-protection, prompting its further assessment as a broadly protective component of trivalent LAIV. CONCLUSIONS The new RG system for B60 MDV allowed the rapid generation of type B LAIV reassortants with desired genome compositions. The generation of hybrid LAIV reassortants with HA and NA genes belonging to the opposite IBV lineages is a promising approach for the development of IBV vaccines with broad cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (P.-F.W.); (E.S.); (E.K.); (E.B.); (A.R.); (L.R.)
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Lei GL, Wang LP, Dong SH, Sun F, Cheng JX, Yang XL, Zhang SG, Wang XL, Wang XX, Yang PH. A recombinant influenza virus with a CTLA4-specific scFv inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1202-1210. [PMID: 33501754 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) have shown excellent safety and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. Influenza A virus (IAV) is considered a promising oncolytic virus. In this report, we generated a recombinant influenza virus expressing an immune checkpoint blockade agent targeting CTLA4. Using reverse genetics, a recombinant influenza virus, termed rFlu-CTLA4, encoding the heavy chain of a CTLA4 antibody on the PB1 segment and the light chain of the CTLA4 antibody on the PA segment was produced. RFlu-CTLA4 could replicate to high titers, and antibodies were produced in the allantoic fluid of infected eggs. Furthermore, the selective cytotoxicity of the virus was higher in various hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell lines than in the normal cell line L02 in vitro, as indicated by MTS assays. More importantly, in a subcutaneous H22 mouse hepatocarcinoma model, intratumoral injections of rFlu-CTLA4 inhibited the growth of treated tumors and increased the overall survival of mice compared with injections of the PR8 virus. Taken together, these results warrant further exploration of this novel recombinant influenza virus for its potential use as a single or combination agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Peng Wang
- 66400 Military Hospital, Beijing, China.,First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suo-Hua Dong
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xia Cheng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Geng Zhang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Hui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mezhenskaya D, Isakova-Sivak I, Kotomina T, Matyushenko V, Kim MC, Bhatnagar N, Kim KH, Kang SM, Rudenko L. A Strategy to Elicit M2e-Specific Antibodies Using a Recombinant H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Expressing Multiple M2e Tandem Repeats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020133. [PMID: 33535408 PMCID: PMC7912525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses remain a serious public health problem. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease; however, seasonal influenza vaccines demonstrate low or no effectiveness against antigenically drifted and newly emerged influenza viruses. Different strategies of eliciting immune responses against conserved parts of various influenza virus proteins are being developed worldwide. We constructed a universal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidate with enhanced breadth of protection by modifying H7N9 LAIV by incorporating four epitopes of M2 protein extracellular part into its hemagglutinin molecule. The new recombinant H7N9+4M2e vaccine induced anti-M2e antibody responses and demonstrated increased protection against heterosubtypic challenge viruses in direct and serum passive protection studies, compared to the classical H7N9 LAIV. The results of our study suggest that the H7N9+4M2e warrants further investigation in pre-clinical and phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.-C.K.); (N.B.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.-C.K.); (N.B.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.-C.K.); (N.B.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.-C.K.); (N.B.); (K.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.M.); (T.K.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
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Kotomina T, Isakova-Sivak I, Kim KH, Park BR, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Mezhenskaya D, Matyushenko V, Kang SM, Rudenko L. Generation and Characterization of Universal Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Containing Multiple M2e Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040648. [PMID: 33153089 PMCID: PMC7711583 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses constantly evolve, reducing the overall protective effect of routine vaccination campaigns. Many different strategies are being explored to design universal influenza vaccines capable of protecting against evolutionary diverged viruses. The ectodomain of influenza A M2e protein (M2e) is among the most promising targets for universal vaccine design. Here, we generated two recombinant live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing additional four M2e tandem repeats (4M2e) from the N-terminus of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein, in an attempt to enhance the M2e-mediated cross-protection. The recombinant H1N1+4M2e and H3N2+4M2e viruses retained growth characteristics attributable to traditional LAIV viruses and induced robust influenza-specific antibody responses in BALB/c mice, although M2e-specific antibodies were raised only after two-dose vaccination with LAIV+4M2e viruses. Mice immunized with either LAIV or LAIV+4M2e viruses were fully protected against a panel of heterologous influenza challenge viruses suggesting that antibody and cell-mediated immunity contributed to the protection. The protective role of the M2e-specific antibody was seen in passive serum transfer experiments, where enhancement in the survival rates between classical LAIV and chimeric H3N2+4M2e LAIV was demonstrated for H3N2 and H5N1 heterologous challenge viruses. Overall, the results of our study suggest that M2e-specific antibodies induced by recombinant LAIV+4M2e in addition to cellular immunity by LAIV play an important role in conferring protection against heterologous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (K.-H.K.); (B.R.P.); (Y.-J.J.); (Y.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (T.K.); (D.M.); (V.M.); (L.R.)
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Blanco-Lobo P, Nogales A, Rodríguez L, Martínez-Sobrido L. Novel Approaches for The Development of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020190. [PMID: 30813325 PMCID: PMC6409754 DOI: 10.3390/v11020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus still represents a considerable threat to global public health, despite the advances in the development and wide use of influenza vaccines. Vaccination with traditional inactivate influenza vaccines (IIV) or live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) remains the main strategy in the control of annual seasonal epidemics, but it does not offer protection against new influenza viruses with pandemic potential, those that have shifted. Moreover, the continual antigenic drift of seasonal circulating influenza viruses, causing an antigenic mismatch that requires yearly reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines, seriously compromises vaccine efficacy. Therefore, the quick optimization of vaccine production for seasonal influenza and the development of new vaccine approaches for pandemic viruses is still a challenge for the prevention of influenza infections. Moreover, recent reports have questioned the effectiveness of the current LAIV because of limited protection, mainly against the influenza A virus (IAV) component of the vaccine. Although the reasons for the poor protection efficacy of the LAIV have not yet been elucidated, researchers are encouraged to develop new vaccination approaches that overcome the limitations that are associated with the current LAIV. The discovery and implementation of plasmid-based reverse genetics has been a key advance in the rapid generation of recombinant attenuated influenza viruses that can be used for the development of new and most effective LAIV. In this review, we provide an update regarding the progress that has been made during the last five years in the development of new LAIV and the innovative ways that are being explored as alternatives to the currently licensed LAIV. The safety, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy profile of these new LAIVs reveal their possible implementation in combating influenza infections. However, efforts by vaccine companies and government agencies will be needed for controlled testing and approving, respectively, these new vaccine methodologies for the control of influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
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Martínez-Sobrido L, Peersen O, Nogales A. Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2018; 10:E560. [PMID: 30326610 PMCID: PMC6213772 DOI: 10.3390/v10100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have prevented morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viral infections for many years and represent the best therapeutic option to protect against influenza viral infections in humans. However, the development of LAIV has traditionally relied on empirical methods, such as the adaptation of viruses to replicate at low temperatures. These approaches require an extensive investment of time and resources before identifying potential vaccine candidates that can be safely implemented as LAIV to protect humans. In addition, the mechanism of attenuation of these vaccines is poorly understood in some cases. Importantly, LAIV are more efficacious than inactivated vaccines because their ability to mount efficient innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the design of potential LAIV based on known properties of viral proteins appears to be a highly appropriate option for the treatment of influenza viral infections. For that, the viral RNA synthesis machinery has been a research focus to identify key amino acid substitutions that can lead to viral attenuation and their use in safe, immunogenic, and protective LAIV. In this review, we discuss the potential to manipulate the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex to generate attenuated forms of the virus that can be used as LAIV for the treatment of influenza viral infections, one of the current and most effective prophylactic options for the control of influenza in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Olve Peersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
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Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L. Reverse Genetics Approaches for the Development of Influenza Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:E20. [PMID: 28025504 PMCID: PMC5297655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of human respiratory disease. Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health and economic problem, which are most effectively prevented through vaccination. However, influenza viruses undergo continual antigenic variation, which requires either the annual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines or the rapid generation of vaccines against potential pandemic virus strains. The segmented nature of influenza virus allows for the reassortment between two or more viruses within a co-infected cell, and this characteristic has also been harnessed in the laboratory to generate reassortant viruses for their use as either inactivated or live-attenuated influenza vaccines. With the implementation of plasmid-based reverse genetics techniques, it is now possible to engineer recombinant influenza viruses entirely from full-length complementary DNA copies of the viral genome by transfection of susceptible cells. These reverse genetics systems have provided investigators with novel and powerful approaches to answer important questions about the biology of influenza viruses, including the function of viral proteins, their interaction with cellular host factors and the mechanisms of influenza virus transmission and pathogenesis. In addition, reverse genetics techniques have allowed the generation of recombinant influenza viruses, providing a powerful technology to develop both inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccines. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of state-of-the-art, plasmid-based, influenza reverse genetics approaches and their implementation to provide rapid, convenient, safe and more effective influenza inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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