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Castro EF, Álvarez DE. New Highly Selective Antivirals for Chikungunya Virus identified from the Screening of a Drug-Like Compound Library. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:343. [PMID: 39227496 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Treatment of CHIKV infections is currently supportive and does not limit viral replication or symptoms of persistent chronic arthritis. Although there are multiple compounds reported as antivirals active against CHIKV in vitro, there are still no effective and safe antivirals. Thus, active research aims at the identification of new chemical structures with antiviral activity. Here, we report the screen of the Pandemic Response Box library of small molecules against a fully infectious CHIKV reporter virus. Our screening approach successfully identified previously reported CHIKV antiviral compounds within this library and further expanded potentially active hits, supporting the use of reporter-virus-based assays in high-throughput screening format as a reliable tool for antiviral drug discovery. Four molecules were identified as potential drug candidates against CHIKV: MMV1634402 (Brilacidin) and MMV102270 (Diphyllin), which were previously shown to present broad-spectrum antiviral activities, in addition to MMV1578574 (Eravacycline), and the antifungal MMV689401 (Fluopicolide), for which their antiviral potential is uncovered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diego E Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Fabiani M, Castro EF, Battini L, Rosas RA, Gärtner B, Bollini M, Cavallaro LV. Two thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanone as potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of bovine viral diarrhea virus of different genotypes and biotypes. Virology 2024; 598:110189. [PMID: 39089051 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a widespread pathogen of cattle and other mammals that causes major economic losses in the livestock industry. N4-TSC and 6NO2-TSC are two thiosemicarbazones derived from 1-indanone that exhibit anti-BVDV activity in vitro. These compounds selectively inhibit BVDV and are effective against both cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains. We confirmed that N4-TSC acts at the onset of viral RNA synthesis, as previously reported for 6NO2-TSC. Moreover, resistance selection and characterization showed that N4-TSCR mutants were highly resistant to N4-TSC but remained susceptible to 6NO2-TSC. In contrast, 6NO2-TSCR mutants were resistant to both compounds. Additionally, mutations N264D and A392E were found in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of N4-TSCR mutants, whereas I261 M was found in 6NO2-TSCR mutants. These mutations lay in a hydrophobic pocket within the fingertips region of BVDV RdRp that has been described as a "hot spot" for BVDV non-nucleoside inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Fabiani
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eliana F Castro
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío A Rosas
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Gärtner
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía V Cavallaro
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Leal ES, Pascual MJ, Adler NS, Arrupe N, Merwaiss F, Giordano L, Fidalgo D, Álvarez D, Bollini M. Unveiling tetrahydroquinolines as promising BVDV entry inhibitors: Targeting the envelope protein. Virology 2024; 590:109968. [PMID: 38141499 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is known to cause financial losses and decreased productivity in the cattle industry worldwide. Currently, there are no available antiviral treatments for effectively controlling BVDV infections in laboratories or farms. The BVDV envelope protein (E2) mediates receptor recognition on the cell surface and is required for fusion of virus and cell membranes after the endocytic uptake of the virus during the entry process. Therefore, E2 is an attractive target for the development of antiviral strategies. To identify BVDV antivirals targeting E2 function, we defined a binding site in silico located in domain IIIc at the interface between monomers in the disulfide linked dimer of E2. Employing a de novo design methodology to identify compounds with the potential to inhibit the E2 function, compound 9 emerged as a promising candidate with remarkable antiviral activity and minimal toxicity. In line with targeting of E2 function, compound 9 was found to block the virus entry into host cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound 9 selectively binds to recombinant E2 in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) allowed describing a possible interaction pattern between compound 9 and E2 and indicated that the S enantiomer of compound 9 may be responsible for the antiviral activity. Future research endeavors will focus on synthesizing enantiomerically pure compounds to further support these findings. These results highlight the usefulness of de novo design strategies to identify a novel class of BVDV inhibitors that block E2 function inhibiting virus entry into the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilse S Leal
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Adler
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Arrupe
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
| | - Luciana Giordano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Fidalgo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina.
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Development and application of an indirect ELISA for the serological detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection based on the protein E2 antigen. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4707-4713. [PMID: 36849860 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes continuous economic losses to the livestock industry. Monitoring antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a valuable tool to ensure the purification of BVDV in cattle. However, currently available ELISA kits based on the whole BVDV virion are both costly and time-consuming. The E2 protein has good immunogenicity, induces the secretion of neutralizing antibodies and is an essential immunogen for serological detection. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a novel recombinant E2 protein-based indirect ELISA (rE2-iELISA) and conducted a serological survey for BVDV antibodies in 2021-2022 in Beijing, China. The results showed that E2 protein was successfully expressed with high immunogenicity and the optimal rE2-iELISA displayed high sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. Clinical testing of 566 serum specimens indicated that 318 BVDV positive samples and 194 BVDV negative samples were tested by rE2-iELISA and the IDEXX BVDV ELISA-Ab kit, with a positive coincidence rate of 93.3%, a negative coincidence rate of 86.3%, and an overall coincidence rate of 90.5%. CONCLUSION This study established an rE2-iELISA method, which is a highly sensitive, specific and robust ELISA-test validated to detect anti-BVDV antibodies. These findings indicate that the newly developed rE2-iELISA method has the potential to be used as a rapid, reliable and cost-effective screening tool for BVDV infection and provides technical support for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy in cattle herds in the future.
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He D, Li X, Wang S, Wang C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu S. Mechanism of drug resistance of BVDV induced by F224S mutation in RdRp: A case study of VP32947. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 99:107715. [PMID: 35751995 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an enveloped virus with an RNA genome, causing serious economic losses to the areas dominated by livestock industry. Currently, although several compounds with biological activities of inhibiting virus replication have been reported, amino acid mutations (especially F224S mutation) frequently occurring in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) have greatly reduce their value of further research. In this study, we introduced an effective and rapid in silico strategy to explore the differences in the binding modes of VP32947 between the wild/mutant-type RdRp at the molecular level, and further explained the main reasons for the variations in the inhibitory activities of VP32947 against the two types of enzymes. Firstly, the binding site of VP32947 in the finger domain was determined based on the previously reported experimental data, and the initial conformation of VP32947 in the wild RdRp was constructed using molecular docking. Then, the mutant research system was obtained directly by artificial mutation strategy. Afterwards, the built research systems were subjected to microsecond-timescale molecular dynamic simulation, and the conformational and energic profile analyses were performed according to the simulation trajectories. It was found that after 1 μs simulation, VP32947 in the mutant system was transferred to the left side of Loop α, and its interactions with the residues in the loop region were weakened. However, VP32947 in the wild system remained at the right side of Loop α, and could have a good fit with the sub-pocket formed by F224, I261, P262, N264, S532, which was conducive to maintaining its stable binding conformation in the wild RdRp. The illustration of the difference in the binding mechanisms of VP32947 in the wild/mutant RdRp would provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of innovative inhibitors based on the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian He
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Songsong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Chengzhao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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6
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Ibba R, Riu F, Delogu I, Lupinu I, Carboni G, Loddo R, Piras S, Carta A. Benzimidazole-2-Phenyl-Carboxamides as Dual-Target Inhibitors of BVDV Entry and Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061300. [PMID: 35746771 PMCID: PMC9231222 DOI: 10.3390/v14061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), also known as Pestivirus A, causes severe infection mostly in cattle, but also in pigs, sheep and goats, causing huge economical losses on agricultural farms every year. The infections are actually controlled by isolation of persistently infected animals and vaccination, but no antivirals are currently available to control the spread of BVDV on farms. BVDV binds the host cell using envelope protein E2, which has only recently been targeted in the research of a potent and efficient antiviral. In contrast, RdRp has been successfully inhibited by several classes of compounds in the last few decades. As a part of an enduring antiviral research agenda, we designed a new series of derivatives that emerged from an isosteric substitution of the main scaffold in previously reported anti-BVDV compounds. Here, the new compounds were characterized and tested, where several turned out to be potent and selectively active against BVDV. The mechanism of action was thoroughly studied using a time-of-drug-addition assay and the results were validated using docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ibba
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Federico Riu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Ilenia Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Ilenia Lupinu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Gavino Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (F.R.); (I.L.); (A.C.)
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Newcomer BW. 75 years of bovine viral diarrhea virus: Current status and future applications of the use of directed antivirals. Antiviral Res 2021; 196:105205. [PMID: 34742739 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was first reported 75 years ago and remains a source of major financial and production losses in the North American cattle industry. Currently, control methods in North America primarily center around biosecurity and vaccination programs; however, despite high levels of vaccination, the virus persists in the cattle herd due at least in part to the often-insidious nature of disease and the constant viremia and viral shedding of persistently infected animals which act as a reservoir for the virus. Continued development of targeted antivirals represents an additional tool for the prevention of BVDV-associated losses. Currently, in vivo studies of BVDV antivirals are relatively limited and have primarily been directed at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which represents the viral target with the highest potential for commercial development. Additional live animal studies have explored the potential of exogenous interferon treatment. Future research of commercial antivirals must focus on the establishment and validation of in vivo efficacy for compounds with demonstrated antiviral potential. The areas which provide the most viable economic justification for the research and development of antivirals drugs are the fed cattle sector, outbreak control, and wildlife or animals of high genetic value. With further development, targeted antivirals represent an additional tool for the management and control of BVDV in North American cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Veterinary Education, Research, & Outreach Program, Texas A&M and West Texas A&M Universities, Canyon, TX, 79016, USA.
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8
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A β-Hairpin Motif in the Envelope Protein E2 Mediates Receptor Binding of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061157. [PMID: 34204224 PMCID: PMC8235316 DOI: 10.3390/v13061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pestivirus envelope protein E2 is crucial to virus infection and accomplishes virus-receptor interaction during entry. However, mapping of E2 residues mediating these interactions has remained unexplored. In this study, to investigate the structure-function relationship for a β-hairpin motif exposed to the solvent in the crystal structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) E2, we designed two amino acidic substitutions that result in a change of electrostatic potential. First, using wild type and mutant E2 expressed as soluble recombinant proteins, we found that the mutant protein had reduced binding to susceptible cells compared to wild type and diminished ability to inhibit BVDV infection, suggesting a lower affinity for BVDV receptors. We then analyzed the effect of β-hairpin mutations in the context of recombinant viral particles. Mutant viruses recovered from cell culture supernatant after transfection of recombinant RNA had almost completely inhibited ability to re-infect susceptible cells, indicating an impact of mutations on BVDV infectivity. Finally, sequential passaging of the mutant virus resulted in the selection of a viral population in which β-hairpin mutations reverted to the wild type sequence to restore infectivity. Taken together, our results show that this conserved region of the E2 protein is critical for the interaction with host cell receptors.
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9
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Battini L, Fidalgo DM, Álvarez DE, Bollini M. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein Inhibitor through Computer-Aided Drug Design. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1503-1518. [PMID: 34048233 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide expansion of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) into tropical and subtropical areas in the last 15 years has posed a currently unmet need for vaccines and therapeutics. The E2-E1 envelope glycoprotein complex binds receptors on the host cell and promotes membrane fusion during CHIKV entry, thus constituting an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. In order to identify CHIKV antivirals acting through inhibition of the envelope glycoprotein complex function, our first approach was to search for amenable druggable sites within the E2-E1 heterodimer. We identified a pocket located in the interface between E2 and E1 around the fusion loop. Then, via a structure-based virtual screening approach and in vitro assay of antiviral activity, we identified compound 7 as a specific inhibitor of CHIKV. Through a lead optimization process, we obtained compound 11 that demonstrated increased antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity (EC50 1.6 μM, CC50 56.0 μM). Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out and described a possible interaction pattern of compound 11 and the E1-E2 dimer that could be useful for further optimization. As expected from target site selection, compound 11 inhibited virus internalization during CHIKV entry. In addition, virus populations resistant to compound 11 included mutation E2-P173S, which mapped to the proposed binding pocket, and second site mutation E1-Y24H. Construction of recombinant viruses showed that these mutations conferred antiviral resistance in the parental background. Finally, compound 11 presents acceptable solubility values and is chemically and enzymatically stable in different media. Altogether, these findings uncover a suitable pocket for the design of CHIKV entry inhibitors with promising antiviral activity and pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín B1650, Argentina
| | - Daniela M. Fidalgo
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Diego E. Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín B1650, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
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10
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Fernández GA, Castro EF, Rosas RA, Fidalgo DM, Adler NS, Battini L, España de Marco MJ, Fabiani M, Bruno AM, Bollini M, Cavallaro LV. Design and Optimization of Quinazoline Derivatives: New Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Front Chem 2020; 8:590235. [PMID: 33425849 PMCID: PMC7793975 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.590235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus (Flaviviridae). In spite of the availability of vaccines, the virus is still causing substantial financial losses to the livestock industry. In this context, the use of antiviral agents could be an alternative strategy to control and reduce viral infections. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for the replication of the viral genome and constitutes an attractive target for the identification of antiviral compounds. In a previous work, we have identified potential molecules that dock into an allosteric binding pocket of BVDV RdRp via a structure-based virtual screening approach. One of them, N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-phenylquinazolin-4-amine [1, 50% effective concentration (EC50) = 9.7 ± 0.5 μM], was selected to perform different chemical modifications. Among 24 derivatives synthesized, eight of them showed considerable antiviral activity. Molecular modeling of the most active compounds showed that they bind to a pocket located in the fingers and thumb domains in BVDV RdRp, which is different from that identified for other non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) such as thiosemicarbazone (TSC). We selected compound 2-[4-(2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanol (1.9; EC50 = 1.7 ± 0.4 μM) for further analysis. Compound 1.9 was found to inhibit the in vitro replication of TSC-resistant BVDV variants, which carry the N264D mutation in the RdRp. In addition, 1.9 presented adequate solubility in different media and a high-stability profile in murine and bovine plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana F Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío A Rosas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Fidalgo
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Adler
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria J España de Marco
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Fabiani
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Bruno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia V Cavallaro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Jia S, Huang X, Li H, Zheng D, Wang L, Qiao X, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L, Li Y, Xu Y. Immunogenicity evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus casei W56 expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 protein in conjunction with cholera toxin B subunit as an adjuvant. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:186. [PMID: 33004035 PMCID: PMC7527787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the main causes of infectious diseases in cattle and causes large financial losses to the cattle industry worldwide. In this study, Lactobacillus casei strain W56 (Lc W56) was used as antigen deliver carrier to construct a recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine pPG-E2-ctxB/Lc W56 constitutively expressing BVDV E2 protein fused with cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB) as an adjuvant, and its immunogenicity against BVDV infection in mice model by oral route was explored. RESULTS Our results suggested that pPG-E2-ctxB/Lc W56 can effectively activate dendritic cells (DCs) in the Peyer's patches, up-regulate the expression of Bcl-6, and promote T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells differentiation, as well as enhance B lymphocyte proliferation and promote them differentiate into specific IgA-secreting plasma cells, secreting anti-E2 mucosal sIgA antibody with BVDV-neutralizing activity. Moreover, significant levels (p < 0.01) of BVDV-neutralizing antigen-specific serum antibodies were induced in the pPG-E2-ctxB/LC W56 group post-vaccination. The recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine can induce cellular immune responses, and significant levels (p < 0.01) of Th1-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and Th17-associated cytokine (IL-17) were determined in the serum of vaccinated mice. Significantly, the recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine provides immune protection against BVDV infection, which can be cleared effectively by the vaccine post-challenge in orally vaccinated animals. CONCLUSIONS The genetically engineered Lactobacillus vaccine constructed in this study is immunogenic in mice and can induce mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses, providing effective anti-BVDV immune protection. It thus represents a promising strategy for vaccine development against BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Dianzhong Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China
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12
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Recombinant E rns-E2 protein vaccine formulated with MF59 and CPG-ODN promotes T cell immunity against bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. Vaccine 2020; 38:3881-3891. [PMID: 32280039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To obtain an effective vaccine candidate against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) disease which causes great economical loss in cattle industries, recombinant Erns-E2 protein vaccine containing MF59 and CPG-ODN adjuvants was prepared and assessed in this study. The recombinant plasmid (pET32a-Erns-E2) was constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3) cells to produce Erns-E2 protein. We immunized mice with the MF59-and CPG-ODN-adjuvanted recombinant Erns-E2 protein, E2 protein, or Erns protein, respectively. To evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of a vaccine-adjuvant combination, mice were challenged with BVDV BJ175170 strain after immunization. All adjuvanted vaccines elicited detectable humoral and cellular immune responses, the BVDV-specific antibody titers as well as interleukin 4 (IL-4) levels in sera of mice immunized with the recombinant Erns-E2 protein were higher than in those of mice immunized with either the recombinant Erns or E2 protein. Besides, immunization with the Erns-E2 vaccines induced higher percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells and CD3+TNF-α+ T cells compared with the other vaccines. More protective efficacy against BVDV infection was acquired in the mice treated with the recombinant Erns-E2 protein, as shown by a reduction of viremia and slight pathological changes compared with both the control mice and the other vaccinated mice. Our findings suggest that the use of the recombinant Erns-E2 protein vaccine formulated with MF59 and CPG-ODN adjuvants enhances T cell responses and viral control, which warrants the Erns-E2 protein vaccine-adjuvant combination could be as a vaccine strategy to against BVDV.
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13
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Geng Z, Zhang HY, Yin G, Zhang Y, Zhao J. A one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles via aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with o-phenylenediamines catalyzed by [MIMPs]+Cl-/NaNO2/TEMPO. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820912163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium chloride ([MIMPs]+Cl-) in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as a catalytic system demonstrates high efficiency in the one-pot two-step aerobic oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohols with 1,2-phenylenediamines to give benzimidazoles. Various benzimidazoles are obtained in good to excellent yields by this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Geng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hong-yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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14
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Tomar S, Mahajan S, Kumar R. Advances in structure-assisted antiviral discovery for animal viral diseases. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149589 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Ul-Rahman A, Shabbir MAB. In silico analysis for development of epitopes-based peptide vaccine against Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3110-3122. [PMID: 31370756 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1651673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ALKV) causes a fatal clinical disease in human beings of different tropical and sub-tropical regions. Recently, the ALKV epidemics have raised a great public health concern with the room for improvement in the essential therapeutic interventions. Despite increased realistic clinical cases of ALKV infection, the efficient vaccine or immunotherapy is not yet available to-date. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the envelope glycoprotein of ALKV for the development of B-cells and T-cells epitope-based peptide vaccine using the computational in silico method. Utilizing various immunoinformatics approaches, a total of 5 B-cells and 25 T-cells (MHC-I = 17, MHC-II = 8) epitope-based peptides were predicted in the current study. All predicted peptides had highest antigenicity and immunogenicity scores along with high binding affinity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles. Among 25T-cell epitopes, three peptides were found alike to have affinity to bind both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. These outcomes suggested that these predicted epitopes could potentially be used in the development of an efficient vaccine against ALKV, which may enable to elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Although, these predicted peptides could be useful in designing a candidate vaccine for the prevention of ALKV; however, it's in vitro and in vivo assessments are prerequisite.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
- Department of Microbiology and Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,China MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Cell-to-Cell Transmission Is the Main Mechanism Supporting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Spread in Cell Culture. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01776-18. [PMID: 30404802 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01776-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
After initiation of an infective cycle, spread of virus infection can occur in two fundamentally different ways: (i) viral particles can be released into the external environment and diffuse through the extracellular space until they interact with a new host cell, and (ii) virions can remain associated with infected cells, promoting the direct passage between infected and uninfected cells that is referred to as direct cell-to-cell transmission. Although evidence of cell-associated transmission has accumulated for many different viruses, the ability of members of the genus Pestivirus to use this mode of transmission has not been reported. In the present study, we used a novel recombinant virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein E2 fused to mCherry fluorescent protein to monitor the spreading of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (the type member of the pestiviruses) infection. To demonstrate direct cell-to-cell transmission of BVDV, we developed a cell coculture system that allowed us to prove direct transmission from infected to uninfected cells in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. This mode of transmission requires cell-cell contacts and clathrin-mediated receptor-dependent endocytosis. Notably, it overcomes antibody blocking of the BVDV receptor CD46, indicating that cell-to-cell transmission of the virus involves the engagement of coreceptors on the target cell.IMPORTANCE BVDV causes one of the most economically important viral infections for the cattle industry. The virus is able to cross the placenta and infect the fetus, leading to the birth of persistently infected animals, which are reservoirs for the spread of BVDV. The occurrence of persistent infection has hampered the efficacy of vaccination because it requires eliciting levels of protection close to sterilizing immunity to prevent fetal infections. While vaccination prevents disease, BVDV can be detected if animals with neutralizing antibodies are challenged with the virus. Virus cell-to-cell transmission allows the virus to overcome barriers to free virus dissemination, such as antibodies or epithelial barriers. Here we show that BVDV exploits cell-cell contacts to propagate infection in a process that is resistant to antibody neutralization. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BVDV infection and can aid in the design of effective control strategies.
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17
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Castro EF, Casal JJ, de Marco MJE, Battini L, Fabiani M, Fernández GA, Bruno AM, Cavallaro LV, Bollini M. Identification of potent bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibitors by a structure-based virtual screening approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:262-266. [PMID: 30501966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus whose infection in cattle is globally distributed. The use of antivirals could complement vaccination as a tool of control and reduce economic losses. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the virus is essential for its genome replication and constitutes an attractive target for the identification of antivirals. With the aim of obtaining selective BVDV inhibitors, the crystal structure of BVDV RdRp was used to perform a virtual screening. Approximately 15,000 small molecules from commercial and in-house databases were evaluated and several structurally different compounds were tested in vitro for antiviral activity. Interestingly, of twelve evaluated compounds, five were active and displayed EC50 values in the sub and low-micromolar range. Time of drug addition experiment and measured intracellular BVDV RNA showed that compound 7 act during RNA synthesis. Molecular Dynamics and MM/PBSA calculation were done to characterize the interaction of the most active compounds with RdRp, which will allow future ligand optimization. These studies highlight the use of in silico screening to identify a new class of BVDV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F Castro
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Casal
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J España de Marco
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Fabiani
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Bruno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía V Cavallaro
- Cátedra de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION)-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Identification of (4-(9H-fluoren-9-yl) piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivatives as falcipain 2 inhibitors active against Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2911-2923. [PMID: 30253205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falcipain 2 (FP-2) is the hemoglobin-degrading cysteine protease of Plasmodium falciparum most extensively targeted to develop novel antimalarials. However, no commercial antimalarial drugs based on FP-2 inhibition are available yet due to the low selectivity of most FP-2 inhibitors against the human cysteine proteases. METHODS A structure-based virtual screening (SVBS) using Maybridge HitFinder™ compound database was conducted to identify potential FP-2 inhibitors. In vitro enzymatic and cell-growth inhibition assays were performed for the top-scoring compounds. Docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were employed to study the interaction of the best hits with FP-2 and other related enzymes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Two hits based on 4-(9H-fluoren-9-yl) piperazin-1-yl) methanone scaffold, HTS07940 and HTS08262, were identified as inhibitors of FP-2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 64 μM and 14.7 μM, respectively) without a detectable inhibition against the human off-target cathepsin K (hCatK). HTS07940 and HTS08262 inhibited the growth of the multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strain FCR3 in culture (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) = 2.91 μM and 34 μM, respectively) and exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (Half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) = 133 μM and 350 μM, respectively). Free energy calculations reproduced the experimental affinities of the hits for FP-2 and explained the selectivity with respect to hCatK. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, HTS07940 stands among the most selective FP-2 inhibitors identified by SBVS reported so far, displaying moderate antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity against human cells. Hence, this compound constitutes a promising lead for the design of more potent and selective FP-2 inhibitors.
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19
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Quintana ME, Barone L, Forlenza MB, Trotta MV, Turco C, Mansilla FC, Cardoso NP, Capozzo AV. A direct high-throughput in Cell-ELISA for measuring infectivity of cytopathic and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains applied to the assessment of antiviral activity. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:75-81. [PMID: 30031751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost high-throughput methods applicable to any virus strain are required for screening antiviral compounds against multiple field strains. Colorimetric cell-viability assays are used for this purpose as long as the viruses are cytopathic (CP) in cell culture. However, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strains circulating in the field are mostly non-cytopathic (NCP). An In Cell-ELISA aimed to measure viral infectivity by detecting a conserved protein produced during viral replication (non-structural protein 3, "NS3") was developed. The ELISA is performed without harvesting the cells, directly on the 96-wells culture plate. NS3 In Cell-ELISA was tested for its ability to assess BVDV-specific antiviral activity of recombinant bovine type I and III IFNs. Results correlated to those measured by qRT-PCR and virus titration. NS3 In Cell-ELISA was also efficient in estimating the IC50 of two compounds with different antiviral activity. Estimation of the 50% inhibition dose of each IFN using six BVDV strains of different biotype and genotype showed that CP strains were more susceptible to both IFNs than NCP, while type 2 NCP viruses were more sensitive to IFN-I. The In Cell-ELISA format using a detector antibody against a conserved non-structural protein can be potentially applied to accurately measure infectivity of any viral strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Lucas Barone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Forlenza
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myrian Vanesa Trotta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Turco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Patricia Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.
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Bollini M, Leal ES, Adler NS, Aucar MG, Fernández GA, Pascual MJ, Merwaiss F, Alvarez DE, Cavasotto CN. Discovery of Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Inhibitors Using Structure-Based Virtual Screening on the Envelope Protein E2. Front Chem 2018; 6:79. [PMID: 29632860 PMCID: PMC5879447 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. BVDV causes both acute and persistent infections in cattle, leading to substantial financial losses to the livestock industry each year. The global prevalence of persistent BVDV infection and the lack of a highly effective antiviral therapy have spurred intensive efforts to discover and develop novel anti-BVDV therapies in the pharmaceutical industry. Antiviral targeting of virus envelope proteins is an effective strategy for therapeutic intervention of viral infections. We performed prospective small-molecule high-throughput docking to identify molecules that likely bind to the region delimited by domains I and II of the envelope protein E2 of BVDV. Several structurally different compounds were purchased or synthesized, and assayed for antiviral activity against BVDV. Five of the selected compounds were active displaying IC50 values in the low- to mid-micromolar range. For these compounds, their possible binding determinants were characterized by molecular dynamics simulations. A common pattern of interactions between active molecules and aminoacid residues in the binding site in E2 was observed. These findings could offer a better understanding of the interaction of BVDV E2 with these inhibitors, as well as benefit the discovery of novel and more potent BVDV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilse S Leal
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Adler
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Aucar
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Diego E Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Claudio N Cavasotto
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Szalai AM, Armando NG, Barabas FM, Stefani FD, Giordano L, Bari SE, Cavasotto CN, Silberstein S, Aramendía PF. A fluorescence nanoscopy marker for corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor: computer design, synthesis, signaling effects, super-resolved fluorescence imaging, and in situ affinity constant in cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29212-29220. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent marker for CRHR1 shows an antagonist effect and suitability for super resolution fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Szalai
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
| | - Natalia G. Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Federico M. Barabas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Fernando D. Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Física
| | - Luciana Giordano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
| | - Sara E. Bari
- Instituto de Química Física de Materiales
- Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) CONICET-UBA
- Pabellón 2. Ciudad Universitaria
- 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)
- CONICET
- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Pedro F. Aramendía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias-“Elizabeth Jares-Erijman” (CIBION)
- CONICET
- 1425 Ciudad de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
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