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Sadhu C, Mitra AK. Synthetic, biological and optoelectronic properties of phenoxazine and its derivatives: a state of the art review. Mol Divers 2024; 28:965-1007. [PMID: 36757655 PMCID: PMC9909160 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxazines have sparked a lot of interest owing to their numerous applications in material science, organic light-emitting diodes, photoredox catalyst, dye-sensitized solar cells and chemotherapy. Among other things, they have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-alzheimer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties. Actinomycin D, which contains a phenoxazine moiety, functions both as an antibiotic and anticancer agent. Several research groups have worked on various structural modifications over the years in order to develop new phenoxazines with improved properties. Both phenothiazines and phenoxazines have gained prominence in medicine as pharmacological lead structures from their traditional uses as dyes and pigments. Organoelectronics and material sciences have recently found these compounds and their derivatives to be quite useful. Due to this, organic synthesis has been used in an unprecedented amount of exploratory alteration of the parent structures in an effort to create novel derivatives with enhanced biological and material capabilities. As a result, it is critical to conduct more frequent reviews of the work done in this area. Various stages of the synthetic transformation of phenoxazine scaffolds have been depicted in this article. This article aims to provide a state of the art review for the better understanding of the phenoxazine derivatives highlighting the progress and prospects of the same in medicinal and material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrita Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Rashmoni Green University, Tarakeswar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Amrit Krishna Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Singur, Singur, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712409, India.
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2
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Kovalishyn V, Severin O, Kachaeva M, Kobzar O, Keith KA, Harden EA, Hartline CB, James SH, Vovk A, Brovarets V. In Silico Design and Experimental Validation of Novel Oxazole Derivatives Against Varicella zoster virus. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:707-717. [PMID: 36709460 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection causes severe disease such as chickenpox, shingles, and postherpetic neuralgia, often leading to disability. Reactivation of latent VZV is associated with a decrease in specific cellular immunity in the elderly and in patients with immunodeficiency. However, due to the limited efficacy of existing therapy and the emergence of antiviral resistance, it has become necessary to develop new and effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by VZV, particularly in the setting of opportunistic infections. The goal of this work is to identify potent oxazole derivatives as anti-VZV agents by machine learning, followed by their synthesis and experimental validation. Predictive QSAR models were developed using the Online Chemical Modeling Environment (OCHEM). Data on compounds exhibiting antiviral activity were collected from the ChEMBL and uploaded in the OCHEM database. The predictive ability of the models was tested by cross-validation, giving coefficient of determination q2 = 0.87-0.9. The validation of the models using an external test set proves that the models can be used to predict the antiviral activity of newly designed and known compounds with reasonable accuracy within the applicability domain (q2 = 0.83-0.84). The models were applied to screen a virtual chemical library with expected activity of compounds against VZV. The 7 most promising oxazole derivatives were identified, synthesized, and tested. Two of them showed activity against the VZV Ellen strain upon primary in vitro antiviral screening. The synthesized compounds may represent an interesting starting point for further development of the oxazole derivatives against VZV. The developed models are available online at OCHEM http://ochem.eu/article/145978 and can be used to virtually screen for potential compounds with anti-VZV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Kovalishyn
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksandr Severin
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Kachaeva
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kobzar
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Kathy A Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Emma A Harden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Caroll B Hartline
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Andriy Vovk
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Brovarets
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
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3
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Zhang M, Wang X, Li J, Peng F, Liu Z, Chen ZS. Ligands and receptors in human cytomegalovirus entry: Current therapies and new directions. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103833. [PMID: 37992888 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccines was first raised by a committee convened during the 1990s. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanism of viral infection supports the prioritization of developing drugs or vaccines that specifically target receptors and ligands involved in the infection process. As primary targets for neutralizing antibodies to combat HCMV, viral ligands (trimer, pentamer, and glycoprotein B) have crucial roles and exhibit substantial antiviral potential, which could be exploited for breakthroughs in antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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4
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Kamzeeva P, Petushkov I, Knizhnik E, Snoeck R, Khodarovich Y, Ryabukhina E, Alferova V, Eshtukov-Shcheglov A, Belyaev E, Svetlova J, Vedekhina T, Kulbachinskiy A, Varizhuk A, Andrei G, Aralov A. Phenotypic Test of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidinone-Based Nucleoside and Non-Nucleoside Derivatives against DNA and RNA Viruses, Including Coronaviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14540. [PMID: 37834006 PMCID: PMC10572855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses periodically cause outbreaks and epidemics around the world, which ultimately lead to global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the urgent need for new antiviral drugs is obvious. Over more than a century of antiviral development, nucleoside analogs have proven to be promising agents against diversified DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we present the synthesis and evaluation of the antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs and their deglycosylated derivatives based on a hydroxybenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-1(2H)-one scaffold. The antiviral activity was evaluated against a panel of structurally and phylogenetically diverse RNA and DNA viruses. The leader compound showed micromolar activity against representatives of the family Coronaviridae, including SARS-CoV-2, as well as against respiratory syncytial virus in a submicromolar range without noticeable toxicity for the host cells. Surprisingly, methylation of the aromatic hydroxyl group of the leader compound resulted in micromolar activity against the varicella-zoster virus without any significant impact on cell viability. The leader compound was shown to be a weak inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It also inhibited biocondensate formation important for SARS-CoV-2 replication. The active compounds may be considered as a good starting point for further structure optimization and mechanistic and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kamzeeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
| | - Ivan Petushkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Knizhnik
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (J.S.); (T.V.); (A.V.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Yuri Khodarovich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
| | - Ekaterina Ryabukhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
| | - Vera Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
| | - Artur Eshtukov-Shcheglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
| | - Evgeny Belyaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Julia Svetlova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (J.S.); (T.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Tatiana Vedekhina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (J.S.); (T.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrey Kulbachinskiy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Varizhuk
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.K.); (J.S.); (T.V.); (A.V.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrey Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (E.R.); (V.A.); (A.E.-S.)
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5
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Sedenkova KN, Sazonov AS, Vasilenko DA, Andriasov KS, Eremenko MG, Grishin YK, Khvatov EV, Goryashchenko AS, Uvarova VI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Averina EB. 3-[ N,N-Bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines with Spiro-Annulated or 1,2-Annulated Cyclooctane Rings Inhibit Reproduction of Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Yellow Fever, and West Nile Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10758. [PMID: 37445937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic compounds containing heterocyclic moieties represent promising 3D scaffolds for modern drug design. In the search for novel anti-flaviviral agents, we have obtained a series of 3-[N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines containing spiro-annulated cyclooctane rings and assessed their antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), yellow fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. The structural analogs of spirocyclic compounds with a single sulfonyl group or 1,2-annulated cyclooctane ring were also investigated. Almost all the studied 3-[N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazolines revealed antiviral activity against TBEV and WNV. The most active against TBEV was spiro-isoxazoline derivative containing p-nitrophenyl groups in the sulfonyl part (EC50 2.0 ± 0.5 μM), while the highest potency against WNV was found for the compounds with lipophilic substituents in sulfonyl moiety, naphtyl being the most favorable one (EC50 1.3 ± 0.5 μM). In summary, two novel scaffolds of anti-flaviviral agents based on N,N-bis(sulfonyl)amino]isoxazoline were proposed, and the compounds of this type demonstrated activity against TBEV and WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya N Sedenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem S Sazonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Vasilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kristian S Andriasov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina G Eremenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khvatov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | | | - Victoria I Uvarova
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSASI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS" (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Novel Benzo[ a]phenoxazinium Chlorides Functionalized with Sulfonamide Groups as NIR Fluorescent Probes for Vacuole, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Plasma Membrane Staining. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033006. [PMID: 36769330 PMCID: PMC9918004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for new fluorophores for different biological target imaging is increasing. Benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives are fluorochromophores that show promising optical properties for bioimaging, namely fluorescent emission at the NIR of the visible region, where biological samples have minimal fluorescence emission. In this study, six new benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides possessing sulfonamide groups at 5-amino-positions were synthesized and their optical and biological properties were tested. Compared with previous probes evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, using different S. cerevisiae strains, these probes, with sulfonamide groups, stained the vacuole membrane and/or the perinuclear membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum with great specificity, with some fluorochromophores capable of even staining the plasma membrane. Thus, the addition of a sulfonamide group to the benzo[a]phenoxazinium core increases their specificity and attributes for the fluorescent labeling of cell applications and fractions, highlighting them as quite valid alternatives to commercially available dyes.
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7
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Targeting Lysosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Exploring the Anticancer Activity of a New Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010614. [PMID: 36614056 PMCID: PMC9820173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been ranked as one of the cancer types with a higher incidence and one of the most mortal. There are limited therapies available for CRC, which urges the finding of intracellular targets and the discovery of new drugs for innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition to the limited number of effective anticancer agents approved for use in humans, CRC resistance and secondary effects stemming from classical chemotherapy remain a major clinical problem, reinforcing the need for the development of novel drugs. In the recent years, the phenoxazines derivatives, Nile Blue analogues, have been shown to possess anticancer activity, which has created interest in exploring the potential of these compounds as anticancer drugs. In this context, we have synthetized and evaluated the anticancer activity of different benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives for CRC therapy. Our results revealed that one particular compound, BaP1, displayed promising anticancer activity against CRC cells. We found that BaP1 is selective for CRC cells and reduces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. We observed that the compound is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accumulates in the lysosomes, and leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cytosolic acidification, and apoptotic cell death. In vivo results using a chicken embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that BaP1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor proliferation. These observations highlight that BaP1 as a very interesting agent to disturb and counteract the important roles of lysosomes in cancer and suggests BaP1 as a promising candidate to be exploited as new anticancer lysosomal-targeted agent, which uses lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) as a therapeutic approach in CRC.
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Lizunova SA, Tsvetkov VB, Skvortsov DA, Kamzeeva PN, Ivanova OM, Vasilyeva LA, Chistov AA, Belyaev ES, Khrulev AA, Vedekhina TS, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA, Varizhuk AM, Aralov AV. Anticancer activity of G4-targeting phenoxazine derivatives in vitro. Biochimie 2022; 201:43-54. [PMID: 35817132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
G4-stabilizing ligands are now being considered as anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial agents. Phenoxazine is a promising scaffold for the development of G4 ligands. Here, we profiled two known phenoxazine-based nucleoside analogs and five new nucleoside and non-nucleoside derivatives against G4 targets from telomere repeats and the KIT promoter region. Leading new derivatives exhibited remarkably high G4-stabilizing effects (comparable or superior to the effects of the commonly used selective G4 ligands PDS and NMM) and selectivity toward G4s over duplex (superior to BRACO-19). All phenoxazine-based ligands inhibited cellular metabolic activity. The phenoxazine derivatives were particularly toxic for lung adenocarcinoma cells A549' and human liver cancer cells HepG2 (CC50 of the nucleoside analogues in the nanomolar range), but also affected breast cancer cells MCF7, as well as immortalized fibroblasts VA13 and embryonic kidney cells HEK293t (CC50 in the micromolar range). Importantly, the CC50 values varied mostly in accordance with G4-binding affinities and G4-stabilizing effects, and the phenoxazine derivatives localized in the cell nuclei, which corroborates G4-mediated mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A Lizunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Tsvetkov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Leninsky Prospect Str. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Polina N Kamzeeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Olga M Ivanova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Lilja A Vasilyeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny S Belyaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexei A Khrulev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Vedekhina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; G4_Interact, USERN, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Anna M Varizhuk
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow, 119435, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia; G4_Interact, USERN, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrey V Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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9
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Goryashchenko AS, Uvarova VI, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA. Discovery of small molecule antivirals targeting tick-borne encephalitis virus. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Kaltenegger M, Hofer S, Resel R, Werzer O, Riegler H, Simbrunner J, Winkler C, Geerts Y, Liu J. Engineering of a kinetically driven phase of phenoxazine by surface crystallisation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface crystallisation yields an unknown polymorph of the phenoxazine molecule. Tuning the crystallisation conditions causes a defined crystal growth of either the thermodynamically stable phase or the kinetic phase observed exclusively within thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaltenegger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Department for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz University, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Hans Riegler
- Department for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz University, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Simbrunner
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Christian Winkler
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Ferreira JCC, Lopes C, Preto A, Gonçalves MST, Sousa MJ. Novel Nile Blue Analogue Stains Yeast Vacuolar Membrane, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Lipid Droplets, Inducing Cell Death through Vacuole Membrane Permeabilization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110971. [PMID: 34829259 PMCID: PMC8623074 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoxazine derivatives such as Nile Blue analogues are assumed to be increasingly relevant in cell biology due to their fluorescence staining capabilities and antifungal and anticancer activities. However, the mechanisms underlying their effects remain poorly elucidated. Using S. cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model, we found that BaP1, a novel 5- and 9-N-substituted benzo[a]phenoxazine synthesized in our laboratory, when used in low concentrations, accumulates and stains the vacuolar membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, at higher concentrations, BaP1 stains lipid droplets and induces a regulated cell death process mediated by vacuolar membrane permeabilization. BaP1 also induced mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization but did not lead to ROS accumulation, changes in intracellular Ca2+, or loss of plasma membrane integrity. Additionally, our results show that the cell death process is dependent on the vacuolar protease Pep4p and that the vacuole permeabilization results in its translocation from the vacuole to the cytosol. In addition, although nucleic acids are commonly described as targets of benzo[a]phenoxazines, we did not find any alterations at the DNA level. Our observations highlight BaP1 as a promising molecule for pharmacological application, using vacuole membrane permeabilization as a targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Canossa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Carla Lopes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
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12
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Kozlovskaya LI, Volok VP, Shtro AA, Nikolaeva YV, Chistov AA, Matyugina ES, Belyaev ES, Jegorov AV, Snoeck R, Korshun VA, Andrei G, Osolodkin DI, Ishmukhametov AA, Aralov AV. Phenoxazine nucleoside derivatives with a multiple activity against RNA and DNA viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113467. [PMID: 33894564 PMCID: PMC8049188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses periodically cause outbreaks and epidemics all over the world, eventually leading to global events such as the current pandemic of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection COVID-19. Therefore, an urgent need for novel antivirals is crystal clear. Here we present the synthesis and evaluation of an antiviral activity of phenoxazine-based nucleoside analogs divided into three groups: (1) 8-alkoxy-substituted, (2) acyclic, and (3) carbocyclic. The antiviral activity was assessed against a structurally and phylogenetically diverse panel of RNA and DNA viruses from 25 species. Four compounds (11a-c, 12c) inhibited 4 DNA/RNA viruses with EC50 ≤ 20 μM. Toxicity of the compounds for the cell lines used for virus cultivation was negligible in most cases. In addition, previously reported and newly synthesized phenoxazine derivatives were evaluated against SARS-CoV-2, and some of them showed promising inhibition of reproduction with EC50 values in low micromolar range, although accompanied by commensurate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor P Volok
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Anna A Shtro
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nikolaeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Alexey A Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny S Belyaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Artjom V Jegorov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, 108819, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey V Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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13
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Small Molecules-Prospective Novel HCMV Inhibitors. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030474. [PMID: 33809292 PMCID: PMC8000834 DOI: 10.3390/v13030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the betaherpesvirinae, can cause life-threatening diseases. HCMV is globally widespread, with a seroprevalence in adults varying from 50 to 100%. HCMV infection is rarely of significant consequence in immunocompetent individuals. However, although immune control is efficient, it cannot achieve the clearance of the virus. HCMV persists lifelong in the infected host and reactivates in certain circumstances. In neonates and in immunocompromised adults, HCMV is a serious pathogen that can cause fatal organ damage. Different antiviral compounds alone or in combination have been used for the treatment of HCMV diseases. In clinical use, mutations in the viral DNA polymerase or the terminase confer resistance to ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, and letermovir. There is an urgent need to find new well-tolerated compounds supporting different modes of action. The list of novel small molecules that might have anti-HCMV activity has grown in recent years. In this short review, a selection of compounds in clinical trials and novel inhibitors targeting host-cell factors or viral proteins is presented, and their modes of action, described.
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14
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Advances and Perspectives in the Management of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041132. [PMID: 33672709 PMCID: PMC7924330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a common and ubiquitous human-restricted pathogen, causes a primary infection (varicella or chickenpox) followed by establishment of latency in sensory ganglia. The virus can reactivate, causing herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) and leading to significant morbidity but rarely mortality, although in immunocompromised hosts, VZV can cause severe disseminated and occasionally fatal disease. We discuss VZV diseases and the decrease in their incidence due to the introduction of live-attenuated vaccines to prevent varicella or HZ. We also focus on acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir (FDA approved drugs to treat VZV infections), brivudine (used in some European countries) and amenamevir (a helicase-primase inhibitor, approved in Japan) that augur the beginning of a new era of anti-VZV therapy. Valnivudine hydrochloride (FV-100) and valomaciclovir stearate (in advanced stage of development) and several new molecules potentially good as anti-VZV candidates described during the last year are examined. We reflect on the role of antiviral agents in the treatment of VZV-associated diseases, as a large percentage of the at-risk population is not immunized, and on the limitations of currently FDA-approved anti-VZV drugs. Their low efficacy in controlling HZ pain and post-herpetic neuralgia development, and the need of multiple dosing regimens requiring daily dose adaptation for patients with renal failure urges the development of novel anti-VZV drugs.
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15
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Sousa RPCL, Ferreira JCC, Sousa MJ, Gonçalves MST. N-(5-Amino-9 H-benzo[ a]phenoxazin-9-ylidene)propan-1-aminium chlorides as antifungal agents and NIR fluorescent probes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides (λemi ≤ 683 nm, ΦF ≤ 0.24, at pH = 7.4), best MIC 6.25 μM in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stain vacuolar/perinuclear membranes of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui P. C. L. Sousa
- Centre of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - João C. C. Ferreira
- Centre of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology
- Department of Biology
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
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16
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Onoabedje EA, Ayogu JI, Odoh AS. Recent Development in Applications of Synthetic Phenoxazines and Their Related Congeners: A Mini‐Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efeturi A. Onoabedje
- Department of Pure and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Jude I. Ayogu
- Department of Pure and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Chemical Science, University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Private Bag 184
| | - Amaechi S. Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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17
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Leitão MIPS, Rama Raju B, Cerqueira NMFSA, Sousa MJ, Gonçalves MST. Benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides: Synthesis, antifungal activity, in silico studies and evaluation as fluorescent probes. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103730. [PMID: 32199304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four new benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides with combinations of chloride, ethyl ester and methyl as terminals of the amino substituents were synthesized. These compounds were characterized and their optical properties were studied in absolute dry ethanol and water. Their antiproliferative activity was tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a broth microdilution assay, along with an array of 36 other benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 1.56 and >200 µM were observed. Fluorescence microscopy studies, used to assess the intracellular distribution of the dyes, showed that these benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides function as efficient and site specific probes for the detection of the vacuole membrane. The added advantage of some of the compounds, that displayed the lower MIC values, was the simultaneous staining of both the vacuole membrane and the perinuclear membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Molecular docking studies were performed on the human membrane protein oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), using the crystal structure available on PDB (code 1W6K). The results showed that these most active compounds accommodated better in the active sites of ER enzyme OSC suggesting this enzyme as a potential target. As a whole, the results demonstrate that the benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides are interesting alternatives to the available commercial dyes. Changes in the substituents of these compounds can tailor both their staining specificity and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês P S Leitão
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - B Rama Raju
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno M F S A Cerqueira
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Sameiro T Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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