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Hickey RE, Baker J. Newborn screening for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in Illinois: A single center's experience. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38992987 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by reduced activity of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme, which leads to progressive storage of sphingomyelin and related lipids in the body. ASMD is caused by biallelic variants in the SMPD1 gene, which encodes for the ASM enzyme. Current estimates of disease incidence range from 0.4 to 0.6 in 100 000 livebirths, although this is likely an underestimation of the true frequency of the disorder. While there is no cure for ASMD, comprehensive care guidelines and enzyme replacement therapy are available, making an early diagnosis crucial. Newborn screening (NBS) for ASMD is possible through measurement of ASM activity in dried blood spots and offers the opportunity for early diagnosis. In 2015, Illinois (IL) became the first to initiate statewide implementation of NBS for ASMD. This study describes the outcomes of screen-positive patients referred to Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital (Lurie). Ten infants were referred for diagnostic evaluation at Lurie, and all 10 infants were classified as confirmed ASMD or at risk for ASMD through a combination of molecular and biochemical testing. Disease incidence was calculated using data from this statewide implementation program and was ~0.79 in 100 000 livebirths. This study demonstrates successful implementation of NBS for ASMD in IL, with high screen specificity and a notable absence of false positive screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hickey
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Baker
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sako S, Oishi K, Ida H, Imagawa E. Allele frequency of pathogenic variants causing acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and Gaucher disease in the general Japanese population. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:24. [PMID: 38866761 PMCID: PMC11169237 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-024-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Gaucher disease (GD) are lysosomal storage disorders associated with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. The incidences of ASMD and GD are known to be particularly high in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Conversely, the number of reported patients with these diseases has been limited in Asian countries, including Japan. Here, we reviewed the allele frequencies of pathogenic variants causing ASMD and GD in the Japanese population and populations with various ancestry backgrounds using the Japanese Multi-Omics Reference Panel 54KJPN and the Genome Aggregation Database v4.0.0. The estimated carrier frequencies of ASMD- and GD-related variants were 1/180 and 1/154 in Japanese individuals, equivalent to disease occurrence frequencies of 1/128,191 and 1/94,791 individuals, respectively. These frequencies are much higher than previously expected. Our data also suggest that there are more patients with a milder form of ASMD and nonspecific clinical findings who have not yet been diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sako
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hosseini K, Fallahi J, Razban V, Sirat RZ, Varasteh M, Tarhriz V. Overview of clinical, molecular, and therapeutic features of Niemann-Pick disease (types A, B, and C): Focus on therapeutic approaches. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4028. [PMID: 38715125 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is another type of metabolic disorder that is classified as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The main cause of the disease is mutation in the SMPD1 (type A and B) or NPC1 or NPC2 (type C) genes, which lead to the accumulation of lipid substrates in the lysosomes of the liver, brain, spleen, lung, and bone marrow cells. This is followed by multiple cell damage, dysfunction of lysosomes, and finally dysfunction of body organs. So far, about 346, 575, and 30 mutations have been reported in SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2 genes, respectively. Depending on the type of mutation and the clinical symptoms of the disease, the treatment will be different. The general aim of the current study is to review the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with NPD and study various treatment methods for this disease with a focus on gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Dursun FE, Özen F. SMPD1 gene variants in patients with β-Thalassemia major. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3355-3363. [PMID: 36725747 PMCID: PMC10042979 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-thalassemia major and Niemann-Pick diseases have similar clinical and laboratory findings. We aimed to investigate the effects of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene variants on the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with β-thalassemia major. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 45 patients who were followed up for β-thalassemia major in our clinic. Plasma chitotriosidase, leukocyte acid sphingomyelinase, liver enzymes, ferritin, hemogram, biochemical parameters, SMPD1 gene variant analysis, cardiac T2* MRI, and liver R2 MRI were assessed in all patients. The SMPD1 gene c.132_143del, p.A46_L49del (c.108GCTGGC[4] (p.38AL[4])) (rs3838786) variant was detected in 9 of 45 (20.0%) patients. Plasma chitotriosidase, ferritin, acetyl aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in patients with the gene variant than in those without (p < 0.05). Leukocyte acid sphingomyelinase levels were significantly lower in patients with the gene variant than in those without (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results imply that the clinical and laboratory findings and some features of disease progression in patients with β-thalassemia major are similar to those of Niemann-Pick disease. They also suggest that SMPD1 gene c.132_143del, p.A46_L49del (c.108GCTGGC[4] (p.38AL[4])) (rs3838786) variant may underlie these clinical findings in patients with β-thalassemia major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Ersoy Dursun
- Department of Hematology, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Eğitim mah, Dr. Erkin Cd. No:161/1, 34722, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Özen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
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Aghamahdi F, Nirouei M, Savad S. Niemann-Pick type A disease with new mutation: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:288. [PMID: 35883096 PMCID: PMC9327407 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick type A (NP-A) is a congenital, hereditary disease caused by a deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase, a lysosomal enzyme. This deficiency results in an accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes, leading to cellular apoptosis and ultimately to hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegenerative disorder and failure to thrive. Cherry-red spots in the macula and foamy cells in the bone marrow are other manifestations of the disease that help with diagnosis. Type A is a rare, untreatable disease with early manifestations and a poor prognosis, with newborns rarely surviving for 2-3 years. CASE PRESENTATION A 1-year-old Persian boy was referred to our clinic due to abdominal distention and poor weight gain. He was the first male offspring of consanguineous parents. Other findings were neurodevelopmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly, severe hypotonia, difficulty in breathing, and a slightly coarse face with an open mouth and protruding tongue. The initial diagnosis was clinical mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) based on the coarse facial features, but further workup ruled out this inherited disorder. Enzyme histochemistry revealed that the level of acid sphingomyelinase was lower than normal. In the genetic study, next-generation sequencing of all coding exons and flanking intronic regions of the patient's DNA demonstrated a homozygous c.682T>G variant in the SMPD1 gene. This variant was classified as a variant of unknown significance. Further evaluation of DNA extract from his parents and examined using Sanger sequencing showed a heterozygous c.682T>G variant in the SMPD1 gene of both parents. CONCLUSIONS We describe a 1-year-old boy with neurodevelopmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe hypotonia. Further investigation demonstrated a new mutation for Niemann-Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghamahdi
- Pediatric Endocrinologist, Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Shahram Savad
- Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang NL, Lin J, Chen L, Lu Y, Xie XB, Abuduxikuer K, Wang JS. Neonatal cholestasis is an early liver manifestation of children with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:227. [PMID: 35534800 PMCID: PMC9088046 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) may be referred to a hepatologist for liver manifestations. This study summarized the liver manifestations of patients with ASMD in the early disease course. Methods This study enrolled ASMD patients diagnosed by genetic tests between July 2016 and December 2020 in a national pediatric liver center. The significance of low High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) for aid diagnosis of ASMD in infancy was explored by reviewing 160 consecutive infants with liver manifestations, who underwent both genetic tests and lipid profile studies, between January 2020 and December 2020. Results A total of 7 patients were diagnosed as ASMD, and 10 known disease-causing variants were identified. Hepatosplenomegaly, elevated transaminases, and liver foam cells were observed in all the 7 patients at age ranging from 4 to 31 months. Low HDL-C was detected in 5 patients, cherry red spot in 4 patients, development delay in 3 patients, and interstitial lung diseases in 1 patient. Three ASMD patients developed cholestasis around 1 month of age, and bilirubin levels normalized at age ranging from 3 to 10 months. They had persistently elevated transaminases and hepatosplenomegaly, and died within 4 years of age. Among the 160 infants with liver manifestations, 125 (78.1%) had low HDL-C. Fifty-four had both low HDL-C and splenomegaly, including 48 cholestatic infants, but only 1 (1.9%, 1/54) infant without cholestasis was diagnosed as ASMD. Conclusions ASMD can manifest as neonatal cholestasis in the early disease course. Cholestasis is a pitfall when low HDL-C is used for aid diagnosis of ASMD in infants with splenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Li Wang
- Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Bao Xie
- Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jian-She Wang
- Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mobini M, Radbakhsh S, Kubaski F, Eshraghi P, Vakili S, Vakili R, Khalili M, Varesvazirian M, Jamialahmadi T, Alamdaran SA, Sayedi SJ, Rajabi O, Emami SA, Reiner Ž, Sebkar A. Impact of Intravenous Trehalose Administration in Patients with Niemann-Pick Disease Types A and B. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11010247. [PMID: 35011993 PMCID: PMC8745869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Niemann–Pick disease (NPD) types A (NPA) and B (NPB) are caused by deficiency of the acid sphingomyelinase enzyme, which is encoded by the SMPD1 gene, resulting in progressive pathogenic accumulation of lipids in tissues. Trehalose has been suggested as an autophagy inducer with therapeutic neuroprotective effects. We performed a single-arm, open-label pilot study to assess the potential efficacy of trehalose treatment in patients with NPA and NPB patients. Methods: Five patients with NPD type A and B were enrolled in an open-label, single-arm clinical trial. Trehalose was administrated intravenously (IV) (15 g/week) for three months. The efficacy of trehalose in the management of clinical symptoms was evaluated in patients by assessing the quality of life, serum biomarkers, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs at the baseline and end of the interventional trial (day 0 and week 12). Results: The mean of TNO-AZL Preschool children Quality of Life (TAPQOL) scores increased in all patients after intervention at W12 compared to the baseline W0, although the difference was not statistically significant. The serum levels of lyso-SM-509 and lyso-SM were decreased in three and four patients out of five, respectively, compared with baseline. Elevated ALT and AST levels were decreased in all patients after 12 weeks of treatment; however, changes were not statistically significant. Pro-oxidant antioxidant balance (PAB) was also decreased and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was increased in serum of patients at the end of the study. Imaging studies of spleen and lung HRCT showed improvement of symptoms in two patients. Conclusions: Positive trends in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), serum biomarkers, and organomegaly were observed after 3 months of treatment with trehalose in patients with NPA and NPB. Although not statistically significant, due to the small number of patients enrolled, these results are encouraging and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Mobini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil;
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Lab, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil
| | - Peyman Eshraghi
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177897157, Iran;
| | - Saba Vakili
- Medical Genetic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (S.V.); (R.V.)
| | - Rahim Vakili
- Medical Genetic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (S.V.); (R.V.)
| | - Manijeh Khalili
- Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Research Institute of cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Majid Varesvazirian
- Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618751151, Iran;
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Seyed Ali Alamdaran
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Seyed Javad Sayedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran;
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran;
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Amirhossein Sebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence:
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Abtahi R, Karimzadeh P, Rezayi A, Salehpour S, Akbarzadeh D, Tonekaboni SH, Emameh RZ, Houshmand M. Analysis of the HEXA, HEXB, ARSA, and SMPD1 Genes in 68 Iranian Patients. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:555-564. [PMID: 34554397 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are known as genetic disorders with an overall prevalence of 1 per 7700 live births. Sphingolipidosis, which is a subgroup of LSDs, is resulted from mutations in the coding genes of specific enzymes of sphingolipid hydrolases. The current study aimed to provide additional knowledge on the genotype of sphingolipidoses disease among Iranian patients affected by the disease. In this research, we studied 68 unrelated Iranian patients diagnosed with one kind of sphingolipidoses from 2014 to 2019. Thereafter, genomic DNA was isolated from their peripheral blood leukocytes samples in EDTA in terms of the manufacturer's protocol. All the coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of the related genes were sequenced and then analyzed using the NCBI database. Finally, they were reviewed using some databases such as the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and ClinVar ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinva ). By studying 22 MLD patients, 18 different variations of the ARSA gene were found, one of which was new including, named as c.472 T > G p. (Cys158Gly). Out of 15 Sandhoff disease (SD) patients, 11 different variations of the HEXB gene were found. Correspondingly, the c.1083-2delA was not reported earlier. By investigating 21 Iranian patients with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), one new variant was found as c.622delG. The study of 10 Niemann-Pick disease A/B (NPDA/B (patients has led to the identification of 9 different SMPD1 gene variations, among which 3 variations were novel mutations. The results of the present study can be expanded to the genotypic spectrum of Iranian patients with MLD, SD, TSD, and NPD diseases and also used to innovate more effective methods for the detection of genetic carriers as well as diagnosing and counseling of Iranian patients affected with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Abtahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezayi
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Diba Akbarzadeh
- Student's Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Knowledge University, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Erbil, Iraq.
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Al-Eitan L, Alqa'qa' K, Amayreh W, Aljamal H, Khasawneh R, Al-Zoubi B, Okour I, Haddad A, Haddad Y, Haddad H. Novel mutations in the SMPD1 gene in Jordanian children with Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick types A and B). Gene 2020; 747:144683. [PMID: 32311413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiency (ASMD) is a spectrum that includes Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A (NPD A) and B (NPD B). ASMD is characterized by intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and gangliosides within the endosomal-lysosomal system. It is caused by different mutations in SMPD1 gene that result in reduction or complete absence of acid sphingomyelinase activity in the cells. Herein, four unrelated consanguineous families with two NPD A and three NPD B patients were assessed for their genotypes via sequencing of the SMPD1 gene and their acid sphingomyelinase enzymatic activity. Among the eight identified mutations, three were novel and reported for the first time in Jordanian families (c.120_131delGCTGGCGCTGGC or c.132_143delGCTGGCGCTGGC, c.1758T > G, and c.1344T > A). All the patients displayed ASM activity lower than 1.3 µmol/l/h (P < 0.001). Genotyping and enzymatic assessment might play a significant role in disease identification in people at risk to facilitate genetic counseling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Kifah Alqa'qa'
- Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Wajdi Amayreh
- Department of Pediatrics, Metabolic Genetics Clinic, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Children's Hospital, King Hussein Medical Centre, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Hanan Aljamal
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rame Khasawneh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Genetic Pathology, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Batool Al-Zoubi
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Israa Okour
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Amany Haddad
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 61300, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Hazem Haddad
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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