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Acar M, Erdil YZ, Ozcan C. Computer-aided ergonomic analysis of primary school furniture dimensions. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38014971 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2286909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the match level of school furniture with student dimensions and conduct a pilot study to examine practicality of a computer-aided ergonomic analysis software with a Motion Capture System (MoCap) for the purpose of improving school furniture design process in terms of determining optimum dimensions. The research involved measuring the anthropometric data of 218 voluntary primary school students in Mugla, Turkiye and the dimensions of the existing school desks they use. The compatibility between the students' anthropometry and the existing school desks were analysed by using reference equations. Computer-aided ergonomic analysis performed only for seat and desk height. Four virtual human model and ten different school desks in various dimensions were created and evaluated according to joint reaction forces and muscle activations in three different postures by using Anybody Modelling System (AMS). The results of compatibility level showed that there were significant incompatibilities between the students' anthropometry and the existing school desks, with 80% of seat heights and 96% of desk heights being too high. Overall, in order to assess the optimal school desk dimensions, ergonomic analyses provided data indicating reduced joint reaction forces and muscle activations within the musculoskeletal system for the seat and desk height dimensions determined using reference equations. Also, the findings from the ergonomic analysis revealed valuable information on how even minor dimensional modifications to school desks can affect the musculoskeletal system.Practitioner summary: The study examined the impact of simulating student-school desk matching in various sizes and postures within a virtual environment using computer-aided ergonomic analysis software. The analysis focused on specific local areas of the musculoskeletal system to determine optimum school desk dimensions. The results indicated that the software has a potential in facilitating school furniture design based on user's anthropometric measurements. However, a multidisciplinary team is required to make more detailed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Acar
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkiye
| | - Yusuf Ziya Erdil
- Department of Woodworking Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkiye
| | - Can Ozcan
- Akro Engineering, CEO, Izmir, Turkiye
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NeJhaddadgar N, Pirmoradi A, Montazeri N, Nazari B, Rastgoo L. Practical steps of intervention design for teenage students' musculoskeletal health: An intervention mapping approach. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231208354. [PMID: 38034844 PMCID: PMC10687952 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231208354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to the studies conducted, teen pregnancy and its related health issues are among the most significant issues. The purpose of the study was to develop a musculoskeletal health intervention training programme using an intervention mapping approach (IMA) for teenagers aged 12-14 years old. Methods The present study is a study protocol where IMA has been used as a planning framework for developing a musculoskeletal health intervention training programme. Six steps of the intervention mapping process have been completed in the study. As the first step, needs assessment has been performed through systematic review and qualitative evaluation. In the second step, a matrix of change objectives was designed. Later on, after designing the programme and planning its implementation, the programme evaluation plan was developed. Results IMA guided us in designing and implementing a control-oriented training programme with the participation of the participants, along with the definition of outcomes, performance goals, and determinants, theoretical methods, practical applications, an intervention programme, implementation, and step-by-step assessment. Conclusion Intervention mapping is a participation-based approach to designing and implementing promotion programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila NeJhaddadgar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Pirmoradi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Montazeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Babak Nazari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rastgoo
- Health Department, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Ayupova FS, Alekseenko SN, Gayvoronskaya TV, Uvarova IV, Guseynova AA. Rational posture as a priority for preserving and strengthening children's health. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.33925/1683-3031-2022-22-3-224-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sejdiu R, Sylejmani B, Idrizi L, Bajraktari A, Sejdiu M. Discrepancy between pupils’ body and classroom furniture in elementary schools: A case study in the Republic of Kosovo. Work 2022:WOR220023. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-220023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary school children spend quite a lot of time sitting in classrooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make a scientific analysis of children’s body dimensions and compare them with the furniture dimensions where they sit. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this paper is to present anthropometric data for pupils in primary schools in the Republic of Kosovo and give recommendations for school furniture design. METHODS: Measurements were made in the public schools of four different regions in the Republic of Kosovo. The study includes 720 children from 12 different elementary schools with first and fifth graders (6–11 years old).- Twelve body parts were measured: Stature, sitting height, shoulder height, lower leg length, hip breadth, elbow height, buttock-popliteal length, thigh clearance, eye height, shoulder breadth, and knee height. The descriptive data are calculated in terms of average, standard deviation, and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile. RESULTS: We recommend that the competent authorities in the Republic of Kosovo consider improving the infrastructure of primary schools in terms of furniture size according to the findings presented in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The information presented in this paper on pupils’ anthropometry and the proposed dimensions for school furniture can be used by various bodies in Kosovo including, but not limited to: Ministry of Education Science and Technology,Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo and furniture manufacturing industries as basic information for suitable furniture design for primary school children, as well as school principals to help in furniture selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rrahim Sejdiu
- Department of Architecture, Design and Wood Technology, University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj, Ferizaj, Republic of Kosova
| | - Blertë Sylejmani
- Department of Architecture, Design and Wood Technology, University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj, Ferizaj, Republic of Kosova
| | - Lulzim Idrizi
- Department of Architecture, Design and Wood Technology, University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj, Ferizaj, Republic of Kosova
| | - Agron Bajraktari
- Department of Architecture, Design and Wood Technology, University of Applied Sciences in Ferizaj, Ferizaj, Republic of Kosova
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Maekawa M. Effects of Postural Interventions on Physical and Psychological Aspects of Children in Terms of Secondary Sexual Characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127401. [PMID: 35742649 PMCID: PMC9224195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Children with secondary sexual characteristics who experience considerable physical, psychological, and social development are prone to physical and mental imbalances. The effects of postural intervention on physical and psychological aspects in junior high school students in terms of secondary sexual characteristics were investigated in this study. Of the 30 participants in this study, 21 (10 boys, 11 girls) with complete measurements were included. The postural intervention consisted of 1 month of direct muscle stretching for postural maintenance and breathing as well as activities to orient the spinal curvature. The participants’ body arrangement, spinal curvature, and General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ) scores were compared before and after the postural intervention. The intervention improved postural alignment (e.g., head−neck angle t20 = 2.33, p < 0.05, 95%CI [0.30, 5.36]) and GHQ scores (e.g., GHQ total t20 = 3.36, p < 0.01, 95%CI [0.79, 3.40]). The postural intervention improved the posture of the students as well as positively affected their mental health. This study showed that students with secondary sexual characteristics can receive physical and psychological care without the use of special facilities or techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Maekawa
- Department of Physical Education, International Pacific University, 721 Kanonji, Seto-cho, Higashi-ku, Okayama 709-0863, Japan
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Akbiyik F, Uysal Ö, Firat T, Bek N. Evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal problems in pediatric surgeons. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1333-1338. [PMID: 34043044 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric surgeons are exposed to intense work-related activities, depending on their profession, including residency training. This study aims to investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms and analyze the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and the demographics, physical activity levels, and body mass index (BMI) of pediatric surgeons. METHODS A total of 82 pediatric surgeons (female, 20; male, 62) were included in this study. The musculoskeletal symptoms were determined using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. The levels of physical activity were determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 48.97 ± 8.894 years, the mean BMI was 26.72 ± 4.12 kg/m2, and the mean working time after acquiring their specialty was 18.65 ± 9.83 years. The average surgery counts per week were 15.22 ± 12.17. Pediatric surgeons mostly complained from lower back pain, upper back pain, neck pain, and right and left shoulder pain. Surgeons with higher BMI had higher pain scores and received more treatment sessions. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric surgeons' complaints are related to their total numbers of surgery. Higher BMI and lower physical activity seem to be the major contributing factors for developing musculoskeletal symptoms. The study results indicated that surgeons should keep their BMI levels to the optimum and increase their physical activity levels.
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Effectiveness of a Back School and Postural Education Program on the improvement of literacy about postures and low back pain in adolescents: A 1-year follow-up study. J Orthop Sci 2021; 26:543-547. [PMID: 32703627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some health problems can be associated with the school environment and lifestyles, so it is necessary to carry out intervention actions that promote health and problem prevention. This study evaluates the effects of a Back School and Postural Education on improving short-term and long-term ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as reducing low back pain (LBP) in adolescents. METHODS The sample comprises 98 students, aged 10-16 years (11.61 ± 1.28 years), with 63 (64.3%) girls. The measuring instruments included a theoretical and a practical test, a low back pain (LBP) questionnaire and a scale. The tests and the scale have been applied 1 week before the intervention, 1 week following the Back School and Postural Education Program, and a 1 year later. The questionnaire was applied 1 week before of intervention and after 1 year. The intervention included three sessions of a theoretical and practical nature, each lasting 45 min, with intervals of 1 week. RESULTS The values of the theoretical test before the intervention, 1 week, and 1 year after the intervention were, respectively, 8.67 ± 2.64, 11.37 ± 1.93, and 11.11 ± 1.92 (p ≤ 0.001), and the practical test were 6.42 ± 2.47, 12.48 ± 2.25, and 12.83 ± 1.78 (p ≤ 0.001). The presence of LBP fell by 42.9%-25.5% after the 1-year period. CONCLUSIONS Our data show an improvement of ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home as a result of the education program and a decrease of self-reported LBP.
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Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Gheysvandi E, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Tapak L, Heidarimoghadam R, Dianat I. Identification of factors related to behaviors associated with musculoskeletal pain among elementary students. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:527. [PMID: 34103028 PMCID: PMC8188695 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pains are among evident health problems in children and adolescents. Backpack carrying behaviors and the sitting postures are among behavioral factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors related to these important musculoskeletal behaviors, using Health Promotion Models. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was created based on PRECEDE Model and Health Belief Model and was administered to 673 Iranian students, whom were selected randomly from elementary schools of Hamadan, Iran, in 2018. RESULTS The findings of the study revealed that proper sitting postures and backpack carrying were 42 and 33%, respectively. The findings also showed that predisposing factors including perceived susceptibility (p < 0.05, β = 0.219), perceived severity (p < 0.05, β = 0.166), perceived barriers (p < 0.05, β = - 0.191), perceived self-efficacy (p < 0.05, β = 0.188) and also enabling factors (p < 0.05, β = 0.329) were significantly related to sitting behaviors. Moreover, backpack carrying behaviors had significant relationships with predisposing factors of perceived susceptibility (p < 0.05, β = 0.198), perceived barriers (p < 0.05, β = - 0.258), perceived self-efficacy (p < 0.05, β = 0.185) and reinforcing factors (p < 0.05, β = 0.208). CONCLUSIONS It seems necessary for future preventive programs to take factors of musculoskeletal pains among children and adolescents into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Gheysvandi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Non-communicable diseases research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Back School Postural Education Program: Comparison of Two Types of Interventions in Improving Ergonomic Knowledge about Postures and Reducing Low Back Pain in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094434. [PMID: 33921952 PMCID: PMC8122336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the impact of two Back School Postural Education Programs on improving ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as on reducing low back pain (LPB) in adolescents. The sample was constituted by 153 students, aged 10–16 years, with 96 (62.7%) girls, divided into 2 intervention groups (GA, GB). Two tests (theoretical and practical) and LBP questionnaire were applied 1 week before and 1 year after the end of the program. In GA, three sessions were performed for each class separately, on theoretical and practical issues, lasting 45 min and at intervals of 1 week, and in GB, only one theoretical session (90 min) was given to all students. Statistically differences on GA were obtained between the values 1 week before and after 1 year of evaluation in both theoretical and practical tests (p ≤ 0.001). In GB, only the values of the practical test present a statistical difference (p ≤ 0.001). GA obtained higher values on both tests after 1 year of follow-up compared with GB (p ≤ 0.001). The number of students with LBP decreased on GA (p ≤ 0.001). The program with longer duration, higher weekly frequency, and more practical and individualized character promotes better effects.
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Physical and psychological effects of postural educational intervention for students experienced school refusal. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPoor posture has been shown to decrease both visceral and respiratory/circulatory function as well as to increase neuro-musculoskeletal system stress. Improper postures of children at school and in daily life can affect their physical and psychological development. In particular, many children who refuse to go to school or who have experienced school refusal have physical and mental problems. Given that posture is closely related to one’s psychological state, modifying one’s posture can improve both physical and psychological health problems. This study examined the changes to school-refusing students’ physical and psychological condition after attending an intervention to improve their posture. The participants were 65 high school students who have experienced school refusal and were attending a program to modify their posture for 2 months. Their posture and psychological states were recorded both pre- and post-intervention with the following measurements: postural alignment and spinal curve according to a sagittal plane, the General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ), and the Subjective Adjustment Scale (SAS). Post-intervention, most of the participants saw improvement in their postural alignment (e.g., trunk inclination in standing position, P < 0.001, 95%CI [2.00, 4.00]). Participants with improved standing posture post-intervention had higher SAS scores (e.g., feeling of acceptance and trust, P < 0.05, 95%CI [−3.00, −0.00]). We found that easy-to-implement postural interventions have a positive effect on students’ mental health. Furthermore, it was suggested that their adjustment to school would also improve as their posture improved. The contribution of this study shows that it is possible to care for the physical and mental health of students without using special facilities and techniques. It is hoped that the findings of this study will lead to an improved adjustment to both school or novel environments, as well as prevent health-based school refusal.
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Kirschner M, Golsteijn RH, Sijben SM, Singh AS, Savelberg HH, de Groot RH. A Qualitative Study of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing 'Sit-To-Stand' Desks in Vocational Education and Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030849. [PMID: 33498208 PMCID: PMC7908529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
While it has been shown that interrupting a person’s sedentary behaviour has the potential to improve cognitive, physical and mental health, a large part of time that students spend in school is sedentary. As research has shown that approximately 80% of vocational education and training (VET) students have an unhealthy sedentary lifestyle, implementing “sit-to-stand” (StS) desks could interrupt sedentary behaviour and promote healthier behaviour. Therefore, the acceptability and feasibility of using such desks in the VET setting should be investigated. Using semi-structured focus group interviews analysed via deductive content analysis, the opinions of 33 students for the following topics were assessed: (1) usage of the standing option of the desks (2) reasons for standing in class (3) experienced effect of standing behind the desk, and (4) fostering future StS desks usage. Although VET students are aware of the potential benefits of using StS desks, they need to be actively stimulated and motivated by teachers to use them. In addition, time is needed to get into the habit of standing. Thus, for successful implementation of StS desks in the VET setting, all stakeholders (i.e., students, teachers, schoolboards) should be actively involved in stimulating the healthy behaviour of VET students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kirschner
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (R.H.J.G.); (S.M.S.); (R.H.M.d.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rianne H.J. Golsteijn
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (R.H.J.G.); (S.M.S.); (R.H.M.d.G.)
| | - Sanne M. Sijben
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (R.H.J.G.); (S.M.S.); (R.H.M.d.G.)
| | | | - Hans H.C.M. Savelberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions Education (SHE) and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), FHML, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Renate H.M. de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands; (R.H.J.G.); (S.M.S.); (R.H.M.d.G.)
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Ozdemir S, Gencbas D, Tosun B, Bebis H, Sinan O. Musculoskeletal Pain, Related Factors, and Posture Profiles Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 22:522-530. [PMID: 33414011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate musculoskeletal pain due to mechanical reasons and related risk factors in adolescents and to define posture profiles of adolescents. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was conducted with 2221 adolescents between February 2015 and May 2015. The questionnaire used to collect data consisted of three parts: (1) descriptive characteristics of the participants, (2) pain assessment of 14 parts of the body, and (3) Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI). RESULTS The prevalence of low back pain among the participants was 73.3% (n = 1,343), while the prevalence of back pain was 68.4% (n = 1,254). The participants attributed their pain to their poor sitting postures at school (38.1%, n = 847) and carrying school backpacks (84.1%, n = 1,713). There was a statistically significant difference in the physical activities of adolescents and the BackPEI score (z = 4.40; p = .001). Posture factors of the BackPEI score increased while school desk comfort score increased (Spearman's rho = 0.148; p = .001), but it decreased while the school grades of the adolescents increased (Spearman's rho [ρ] = -0.161; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS According to this study, body posture was related to musculoskeletal pain and was correlated with physical activities, school desk comfort, and school grades of the adolescents. It is suggested that correct posture and ergonomic positions should be taught to adolescents when using computers, carrying school backpacks, and sitting in school chairs to prevent musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Ozdemir
- Department of Public Health Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Dercan Gencbas
- Department of Nursing, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Tosun
- Department of Nursing, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hatice Bebis
- Public Health Nursing Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ozlem Sinan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jung KS, Jung JH, In TS, Cho HY. The Effectiveness of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Combined with Vibration for Adolescent Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7024. [PMID: 32992943 PMCID: PMC7579292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are many adolescent patients complaining of low back pain, but research on it is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk stabilization exercise combined with vibration on the pain, proprioception, and kinematics of the lumbar spine (LS) during sit to stand (STS) in adolescent patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Fifty LBP patients were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: Vibration group (n = 25) and placebo group (n = 25). All participants underwent 36-sessions of training consisting of six exercises. The Vibration group provided vibration stimulation during exercise, but the placebo group did not. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and digital dual inclinometer were used to measure pain intensity and proprioception. The kinematics of the lumbar spine during STS were measured by motion capture system. After training, the pain and proprioception in the vibration group improved significantly greater than the placebo group (p < 0.05). The mobility of LS (maximum range of motion, angular velocity, lumbar to hip movement ratios) and lumbar-hip coordination during STS in the vibration group were significantly improved compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Thus, trunk stabilization exercise combined with vibration may be used to improve the pain, proprioception, and kinematic of the lumbar spine during sit to stand in adolescent patients with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-sim Jung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea;
| | - Jin-hwa Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea;
| | - Tae-sung In
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea;
| | - Hwi-young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Jung KS, Jung JH, In TS. The Effects of Cross-Legged Sitting on the Trunk and Pelvic Angles and Gluteal Pressure in People with and without Low Back Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134621. [PMID: 32605016 PMCID: PMC7370107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cross-legged sitting on the trunk flexion angle, pelvic obliquity, and gluteal pressure of subjects with and without low back pain (LBP). The study subjects were 30 LBP patients and 30 healthy individuals. They were instructed to sit on a chair, the height of which was adjustable, so that their knee and hip joints were bent at 90°. All subjects were asked to perform two sitting postures: erect sitting and cross-legged sitting. Trunk flexion angle and pelvic obliquity were measured using a three-dimensional motion-capture system, and gluteal pressure was measured using a force plate. Compared to erect sitting, cross-legged sitting showed a significantly lower trunk flexion angle and greater pelvic obliquity in both groups. Compared to healthy subjects, the patients with LBP had lower trunk flexion angles and greater gluteal pressure asymmetry during cross-legged sitting. The pelvic obliquity was greater in the cross-legged sitting posture than in the erect sitting posture, but there was no difference between the groups. We found that the trunk became more slouched in the cross-legged sitting posture than in the erect sitting posture, and this tendency was more pronounced in patients with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-sim Jung
- Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea;
| | - Jin-hwa Jung
- Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Korea;
| | - Tae-sung In
- Physical Therapy, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 39528, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gheysvandi E, Dianat I, Heidarimoghadam R, Tapak L, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Rezapur-Shahkolai F. Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1299. [PMID: 31619204 PMCID: PMC6796365 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neck and shoulder pain is relatively common among children and teenagers and has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students, and to investigate the relationship between this pain and its risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary school students aged 7 to 12 years from Hamadan city, located in western Iran, were selected through the multistage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. For the social and psychological variables, the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. For assessing each student’s posture, an observational checklist, the Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA), was used. The data was analyzed using the unadjusted (univariate) and adjusted (multivariate) logistic regression. Results The prevalence of the neck pain was slightly higher than that of shoulder pain. The prevalence reported over a month was 35.8 and 30.9% for neck and shoulder pain, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that, very high desk height (odds ratio (OR) =1.96, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.02–3.74), backward seat pan inclination (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.37–3.24), forward seat pan inclination (OR = 3.12, 95% CI:1.46–6.68), difficulty in viewing the board (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.10–5.84), too much homework (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.49–4.51), RULA score at level III (OR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.64–5.05), and RULA score at level IV (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.72–5.63) increased the risk of neck pain independently. On the other hand, sitting on desk and seat (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.91) and laying position for doing homework (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.81) reduced the related risk. Very short desk height (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.26–4.61) and too much homework (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.10–3.42) increased the risk of shoulder pain. Conclusion The elementary school students reported a high prevalence of shoulder and neck pain. This study found that improper sitting positions, as well as physical factors such as the school furniture, too much homework, and difficulty in viewing the classroom board, were associated with pain. Proper interventions considering the risk factors assessed in this study, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gheysvandi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Sciences Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Non-communicable diseases research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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16
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Parvez MS, Rahman A, Tasnim N. Ergonomic mismatch between students anthropometry and university classroom furniture. THEORETICAL ISSUES IN ERGONOMICS SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1463922x.2019.1617909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Parvez
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - A. Rahman
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - N. Tasnim
- Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
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17
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Goh F, Carroll A, Gillies RM. A review of the use of portable technologies as observational aids in the classroom. INFORMATION AND LEARNING SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ils-08-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Current classroom observation strategies include questionnaires, interviews, tests, self-report metrics and live or video review observation. However, these traditional methods are subject to biases from observers in determining behavior nuances, as well as being difficult to analyze for rapid and practical feedback. In addition, the invasiveness of extra body equipment in the classroom may alter the dynamic between students and teachers. The emergence of portable devices into mainstream usage has opened a pathway for a relatively novel source of quantitative data, free from observer bias and often with accompanying analytical tools for convenience. The purpose of this study is to summarize current uses of portable technology and explore how such devices could be used as monitoring tools by both schools and education researchers.
Design/methodology/approach
Functions based on utility outside the education field are proposed for monitoring student activity, posture and movement, as well as proximity and relationships to others and their environment. Deterrents to device implementation in regular classroom use, such as the importance of considering ethical issues and hardware limitations, are also covered.
Findings
While current portable technology is unlikely to replace more commonly used techniques of observing classes, they have the capacity to augment qualitative strategies, particularly in the area of real-time data output.
Research limitations/implications
Ideally, the lack of unbiased observational tools available and increased adoption of portable devices in classrooms could prompt future advances in technology for teaching and learning environments.
Originality/value
This review summarizes potential uses for portable technology in classroom observation strategies undertaken by researchers and teachers to improve learning and teaching practices.
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18
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Sénèque E, Lesimple C, Morisset S, Hausberger M. Could posture reflect welfare state? A study using geometric morphometrics in riding school horses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211852. [PMID: 30721258 PMCID: PMC6363216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that animal posture is known to reflect emotional state, the presence of chronic postures associated with poor welfare has not been investigated with an objective tool for measuring, quantifying and comparing postures. The use of morphometric geometrics (GM) to describe horse posture (profile of the dorsum) has shown to be an effective method of distinguishing populations that are known to differ in terms of welfare states. Here we investigated photographs of 85 riding school horses differing in terms of welfare state, in order to determine if a specific posture (modelled by GM) is associated with altered welfare. The welfare state was estimated with the prevalence of stereotypic or abnormal repetitive behaviours, depressed-like posture and the ear positions. ANOVA results show that horses with stereotypic or abnormal behaviour, and to a lesser degree horses with depressed-like postures, tend to have a flatter, or even hollow, dorsal profile, especially at the neck and croup levels. These altered profiles could represent an additional indicator of poor welfare, easy to use in the field or by owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Sénèque
- Université de Rennes, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine,CNRS, Université de Caen-Normandie, Rennes, France
| | - Clémence Lesimple
- Université de Rennes, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine,CNRS, Université de Caen-Normandie, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Martine Hausberger
- CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie animale et humaine, Université de Rennes, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
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19
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High prevalence of inadequate sitting and sleeping postures: a three-year prospective study of adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14929. [PMID: 29097779 PMCID: PMC5668289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information regarding the development of body posture during adolescence. This three-year prospective study aimed to evaluate sitting and sleeping postures among adolescents, and to determine whether these postures are associated with age and sex. We assessed 525 adolescents aged 11-16 years from the fifth to eighth grades. These adolescents were reassessed three years later. The Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument was used to evaluate the sleeping posture and three sitting positions: sitting to write, to use a computer, and during leisure activities. Our findings indicated a low prevalence of adequate sleeping and sitting postures at baseline, with a decrease in prevalence observed after three years for all postures. These changes were similar for both sexes. Moreover, we found a strong reduction of adequate posture prevalence for younger adolescents, but the oldest adolescents demonstrated no significant differences after three years. Early, rather than late, adolescence is a critical period for establishing inadequate sitting and sleeping postures. This has implications for posture throughout adulthood; hence, interventions targeted at this age group are needed.
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20
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Understanding Adolescent Low Back Pain From a Multidimensional Perspective: Implications for Management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:741-751. [PMID: 28898135 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often begins in adolescence, setting a course for later in life. We have tracked the course of LBP in the Raine Study cohort from the age of 14 years into early adulthood. Our work has found that LBP is already prevalent in individuals at 14 years of age and increases throughout adolescence and into early adulthood. It is often comorbid with other musculoskeletal pain. For some adolescents, LBP has little impact; for others, its impact includes care seeking, taking medication, taking time off from school and work, as well as modifying physical and functional activity. Of concern is the increasing prevalence of LBP with impact across adolescence, reaching adult rates by 22 years of age. The predictors of disabling LBP in adolescence are multidimensional. They include female sex, negative back pain beliefs, poor mental health status, somatic complaints, involvement in sports, and altered stress responses. Genetics also plays a role. Ironically, the factors that we have historically thought to be important predictors of LBP, such as "poor" spinal posture, scoliosis, carrying school bags, joint hypermobility, and poor back muscle endurance, are not strong predictors. This challenges our clinical beliefs and highlights that adolescent LBP needs a flexible and targeted multidimensional approach to assessment and management. In most cases, we recommend a cognitive functional approach that challenges negative LBP beliefs, educates adolescents regarding factors associated with their LBP, restores functional capacity where it is impaired, and encourages healthy lifestyle habits. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(10):741-751. Epub 12 Sep 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7376.
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21
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Lu CW, Lu JM. Evaluation of the Indonesian National Standard for elementary school furniture based on children's anthropometry. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 62:168-181. [PMID: 28411727 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Indonesia, National Standardization Agency of Indonesia issued the Indonesian National Standard SNI 12-1015-1989 and SNI 12-1016-1989 to define the type of furniture dimensions that should be used by children in the elementary school level. This study aims to examine whether the current national standards for elementary school furniture dimensions issued by National Standardization Agency of Indonesia match the up-to-date Indonesian children's anthropometry. Two types of school furniture, small type (Type I, for grade 1-3) and large type (Type II, for grade 4-6), were evaluated in terms of seat height, seat depth, seat width and backrest height of a chair as well as the height and underneath height of a desk. 1146 students aged between 6 and 12 years old participated in the study. Seven anthropometric measurements were taken including stature, sitting shoulder height, sitting elbow height, popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, knee height and hip breadth. Based on the standard school furniture dimensions and students' body dimensions, numbers of matches and mismatches between them were computed. Results indicated a substantial degree of mismatch between children's anthropometry and the standard dimensions of school furniture. The standard seat height was not appropriate for students among different grades with the mismatch percentage ranging from 63.4% to 96.7% for Type I and 72.7% to 99.0% for Type II. For desk height, the standard dimensions were not appropriate for students among different grades with the mismatch percentage ranging from 32.3% to 88.9% for Type I and 67.7% to 99.0% for Type II. Apparently, the current standards are out of date and need to be updated. Four different sizes of school furniture were hence proposed to accommodate the variation in students' anthropometry from Grade 1 to Grade 6. The proposed standard dimensions (PrS) of school furniture cover a slightly broader range of age and present a higher cumulative fit than the current standard dimensions (CrS). In addition, a better strategy for sizing can be also developed to fit chairs and desks to a larger number of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Lu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jun-Ming Lu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Minghelli B, Oliveira R, Nunes C. Postural habits and weight of backpacks of Portuguese adolescents: Are they associated with scoliosis and low back pain? Work 2017; 54:197-208. [PMID: 27061692 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adoption of incorrect postures or carrying overweight backpacks may contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders in school children. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the weight of backpacks and the postural habits adopted in schools by Portuguese adolescents, and their association with scoliosis and low back pain (LBP). METHOD The sample comprised 966 Portuguese students, aged between 10 and 16 years. The instruments included a questionnaire to characterize the presence of LBP and the postural habits adopted by students, the weighing of backpacks and a scoliometer to evaluate scoliosis. RESULTS No association was observed between assuming incorrect postures and carrying overweight backpacks, in students with scoliosis. Students who adopted incorrect sitting postures had 1.77 times the risk (95% CI: 1.32-2.36; p < 0.001) of developing LBP; those positioned incorrectly whilst watching TV and playing games had 1.44 times the risk (95% CI: 1.08-1.90; p = 0.012) of developing LBP; and those standing incorrectly had 2.39 the risk (95% CI: 1.52-3.78; p < 0.001) of developing LBP. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that students who sat with the spine positioned wrongly, as well as those who were standing incorrectly, were more likely to present with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Minghelli
- School of Health Jean Piaget-Algarve, Piaget Institute, Silves, Portugal.,National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raul Oliveira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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23
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Orantes-Gonzalez E, Heredia-Jimenez J, Beneck GJ. Children require less gait kinematic adaptations to pull a trolley than to carry a backpack. Gait Posture 2017; 52:189-193. [PMID: 27915223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To transport school materials, trolleys have been proposed for children as an alternative to carrying a backpack. However, there is limited evidence comparing the adaptations associated with carrying school trolley versus backpack. This study compared the effects of carrying a backpack and pulling a trolley on gait kinematics in children. Fifty-three students were evaluated. Children walked at self-selected speeds across a walkway with no bag (control), carrying a backpack with the 15% of child́s body weight (%BW) and pulling a trolley with the same load. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and 3D kinematics of lower extremities and thorax were computed. No significant differences were obtained in spatiotemporal parameters between pulling a trolley and control. Carrying a backpack resulted in larger kinematics gait alterations than pulling the trolley compared to control. In conclusion, pulling a school trolley (15%BW) was more similar to not carrying a bag than carrying a backpack of the same load during level walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Orantes-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Heredia-Jimenez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - George J Beneck
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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24
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Castellucci HI, Arezes PM, Molenbroek JFM, de Bruin R, Viviani C. The influence of school furniture on students' performance and physical responses: results of a systematic review. ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:93-110. [PMID: 27015656 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1170889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine, using a systematic review, whether the design and/or dimensions of school furniture affect the students' physical responses and/or their performance. Of the review studies, 64% presented positive results, i.e. proven effects; 24% presented negative effects or no change/effect; and the remaining 12% showed an unclear effect. The compatibility between school furniture dimensions and students' anthropometric characteristics was identified as a key factor for improving some students' physical responses. Design characteristics such as high furniture, sit-stand furniture, and tilt tables and seats also present positive effects. Finally, we concluded that further research should be conducted exploring various aspects of those variables, particularly focusing on more objective measures complemented by controlled and prospective design. Practitioner Summary: A systematic review of the literature presents a clearly positive effect of school furniture dimensions on students' performance and physical responses. Similar results appeared when school furniture design was tested. However, studying the effects of design and dimensions together produced an unclear positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Castellucci
- a Centro de Estudio del Trabajo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - P M Arezes
- b Research Center for Industrial and Technology Management, School of Engineering , University of Minho , Guimarães , Portugal
| | - J F M Molenbroek
- c Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Section Applied Ergonomics and Design , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - R de Bruin
- d Erin, Human Factors and Ergonomics Consultancy , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - C Viviani
- e Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Kinesiología , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
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25
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Czaprowski D, Pawłowska P, Kolwicz-Gańko A, Sitarski D, Kędra A. The Influence of the "Straighten Your Back" Command on the Sagittal Spinal Curvatures in Children with Generalized Joint Hypermobility. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9724021. [PMID: 28116313 PMCID: PMC5237459 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9724021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the change of sagittal spinal curvatures in children with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) instructed with "straighten your back" command (SYB). Methods. The study included 56 children with GJH. The control group consisted of 193 children. Sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), global thoracic kyphosis (TK), lower thoracic kyphosis (LK), and upper thoracic kyphosis (UK) were assessed with Saunders inclinometer both in spontaneous positions (standing and sitting) and after the SYB. Results. Children with GJH after SYB presented the following: in standing, increase in SS and decrease in TK, LK, and UK (P < 0.01), with LL not significantly changed; in sitting: decrease in global thoracic kyphosis (35.5° (SD 20.5) versus 21.0° (SD 15.5), P < 0.001) below the standards proposed in the literature (30-40°) and flattening of its lower part (P < 0.001). The same changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions. In children with generalized joint hypermobility, the "straighten your back" command leads to excessive reduction of the global thoracic kyphosis and flattening of its lower part. Therefore, the "straighten your back" command should not be used to achieve the optimal standing and sitting positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Czaprowski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Pawłowska
- Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko
- Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominik Sitarski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kędra
- Department of Posture Correction and Compensation, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
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26
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Effects of a Resistance and Stretching Training Program on Forward Head and Protracted Shoulder Posture in Adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2017; 40:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Contardo Ayala AM, Salmon J, Timperio A, Sudholz B, Ridgers ND, Sethi P, Dunstan DW. Impact of an 8-Month Trial Using Height-Adjustable Desks on Children's Classroom Sitting Patterns and Markers of Cardio-Metabolic and Musculoskeletal Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13121227. [PMID: 27973414 PMCID: PMC5201368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During school hours, children can sit for prolonged and unbroken periods of time. This study investigated the impact of an 8-month classroom-based intervention focusing on reducing and breaking-up sitting time on children’s cardio-metabolic risk factors (i.e., body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure) and perceptions of musculoskeletal discomfort. Two Year-6 classes (24 students per class) in one primary school were assigned to either an intervention or control classroom. The intervention classroom was equipped with height-adjustable desks and the teacher was instructed in the delivery of pedagogical strategies to reduce and break-up sitting in class. The control classroom followed standard practice using traditional furniture. At baseline, and after 8-months, time spent sitting, standing, stepping, and sitting-bouts (occasions of continuous sitting) as well as the frequency of sit-to-stand transitions were obtained from activPAL inclinometers and the time spent in light-intensity physical activity was obtained from ActiGraph accelerometers. Demographics and musculoskeletal characteristics were obtained from a self-report survey. Hierarchical linear mixed models found that during class-time, children’s overall time spent sitting in long bouts (>10 min) were lower and the number of sit-to-stand transitions were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group, while no changes were observed for musculoskeletal pain/discomfort. No significant intervention effects were found for the anthropometrics measures and blood pressure. Height-adjustable desks and pedagogical strategies to reduce/break-up sitting can positively modify classroom sitting patterns in children. Longer interventions, larger and varied sample size may be needed to show health impacts; however, these desks did not increase musculoskeletal pain/discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Contardo Ayala
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Sudholz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Parneet Sethi
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - David W Dunstan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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28
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Tirloni AS, Dos Reis DC, Bornia AC, de Andrade DF, Borgatto AF, Moro ARP. Development and validation of instrument for ergonomic evaluation of tablet arm chairs. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:671-686. [PMID: 28337099 PMCID: PMC5318684 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an evaluation instrument for tablet arm chairs based on ergonomic requirements, focused on user perceptions and using Item Response Theory (IRT). This exploratory study involved 1,633 participants (university students and professors) in four steps: a pilot study (n=26), semantic validation (n=430), content validation (n=11) and construct validation (n=1,166). Samejima's graded response model was applied to validate the instrument. The results showed that all the steps (theoretical and practical) of the instrument's development and validation processes were successful and that the group of remaining items (n=45) had a high consistency (0.95). This instrument can be used in the furniture industry by engineers and product designers and in the purchasing process of tablet arm chairs for schools, universities and auditoriums.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Cunha Dos Reis
- Technological Center, Federal University at Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil; Biomechanic's Laboratory, CDS, Federal University at Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antônio Renato Pereira Moro
- Technological Center, Federal University at Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil; Biomechanic's Laboratory, CDS, Federal University at Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
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van Niekerk SM, Louw QA, Grimmer K. Does a prototype 'Experimental' chair facilitate more postural changes in computing adolescents compared to a normal school chair? Work 2016; 55:63-75. [PMID: 27612070 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged sitting, such as when computing, has been linked to adolescent spinal pain. A chair should fit the user's body dimensions and aid the user in frequently changing sitting posture, rather than support one 'ideal' posture. Such a chair is not currently available to high school learners. OBJECTIVES To develop a novel experimental school chair. To determine whether the experimental chair encourages regular small range movement in all directions whilst students work at computers in class. To compare the number of postural changes between the normal static school chair and the experimental chair, whilst students do computing work. METHODS A development and validation study was conducted. Twelve high school students were randomly selected from a conveniently selected school. Fifteen minutes of 3D posture measurements were collected in both the prototype and school computer chair. The analysis focused on the frequency of postural movement. RESULTS Data of eleven learners were analysed. There were statistically significant increases in the number of postural changes on the 'Experimental' chair compared to the school chair, for both pelvic side-flexion and pelvic rotation (ρ= 0.01). CONCLUSION The experimental chair provided more postural movements when compared to the school computer chair. Future studies should use this experimental chair to determine the effect of increased postural movement, of especially the pelvis, on the prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal symptoms of high school learners in the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjan-Mari van Niekerk
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Quinette Abegail Louw
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Karen Grimmer
- FNB Movement Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.,International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE), City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the psychometric properties of the layout for assessing dynamic posture (LADy). METHODS The study was divided into 2 phases: (1) development of the instrument and (2) determination of validity and reproducibility. The LADy was designed to evaluate the position adopted in 9 dynamic postures. RESULTS The results confirmed the validity and reproducibility of the instrument. From a total of 51 criteria assessing 9 postures, 1 was rejected. The reproducibility for each of the criteria was classified as moderate to excellent. CONCLUSIONS The LADy constitutes a valid and reproducible instrument for the evaluation of dynamic postures in children 11 to 17 years old. It is low cost and applicable in the school environment.
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Ciccarelli M, Chen JD, Vaz S, Cordier R, Falkmer T. Managing children's postural risk when using mobile technology at home: Challenges and strategies. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 51:189-198. [PMID: 26154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the musculoskeletal health of children using mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) at home presents a challenge. The physical environment influences postures during ICT use and can contribute to musculoskeletal complaints. Few studies have assessed postures of children using ICT in home environments. The present study investigated the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores determined by 16 novice and 16 experienced raters. Each rater viewed 11 videotaped scenarios of a child using two types of mobile ICT at home. The Grand Scores and Action Levels determined by study participants were compared to those of an ergonomist experienced in postural assessment. All postures assessed were rated with an Action Level of 2 or above; representing a postural risk that required further investigation and/or intervention. The sensitivity of RULA to assess some of the unconventional postures adopted by children in the home is questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciccarelli
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia.
| | - Janice D Chen
- Rehabilitation Department, National University Hospital, 119074, Singapore
| | - Sharmila Vaz
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Torbjörn Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia; Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University & Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, UHL, County Council, Linköping, SE 581 85, Sweden
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The relationship between sitting posture and seated-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in computing South African adolescents: A prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:820-6. [PMID: 25882626 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that consistent sitting for prolonged periods is associated with upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (UQMP). It is unclear whether postural alignment is a significant risk factor. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The aim of the prospective study (2010-2011) was to ascertain if three-dimensional sitting postural angles, measured in a real-life school computer classroom setting, predict seated-related UQMP. METHOD Asymptomatic Grade 10 high-school students, aged 15-17 years, undertaking Computer Application Technology, were eligible to participate. Using the 3D Posture Analysis Tool, sitting posture was measured while students used desk-top computers. Posture was reported as five upper quadrant angles (Head flexion, Neck flexion; Craniocervical angle, Trunk flexion and Head lateral bending). The Computer Usage Questionnaire measured seated-related UQMP and hours of computer use. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children assessed psychosocial factors. Sitting posture, computer use and psychosocial factors were measured at baseline. UQMP was measured at six months and one-year follow-up. RESULTS 211, 190 and 153 students participated at baseline, six months and one-year follow-up respectively. 34.2% students complained of seated-related UQMP during the follow-up period. Increased head flexion (HF) predicted seated-related UQMP developing over time for a small group of students with pain scores greater than the 90th pain percentile, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, computer use and psychosocial factors (p = 0.003). The pain score increased 0.22 points per 1° increase in HF. CONCLUSIONS Classroom ergonomics and postural hygiene should therefore focus on reducing large HF angles among computing adolescents.
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Macedo AC, Morais AV, Martins HF, Martins JC, Pais SM, Mayan OS. Match between classroom dimensions and students' anthropometry: re-equipment according to European educational furniture standard. HUMAN FACTORS 2015; 57:48-60. [PMID: 25790570 DOI: 10.1177/0018720814533991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate mismatch between students and classroom furniture dimensions and evaluate the improvement in implementing the European furniture standard. BACKGROUND In Portugal, school furniture does not meet any national ergonomic criteria, so it cannot fit students' anthropometric measures. METHOD A total of 893 students belonging to third (7th through 9th grades) and secondary (10th through 12th grades) cycles participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the students were gathered in several physical education classes. The furniture dimensions were measured for two models of tables and seats. Several two-way equations for match criteria based on published studies were applied to data. RESULTS The percentage of students who match with classroom furniture dimensions is low (24% and 44% between table and students, 4% and 9% between seat and students at 7th and 12th grades, respectively). Table is high for the third cycle, seat is high for both cycles, and seat depth fits well to students. No significant relationship was found between ergonomic mismatch and prevalence of pain. CONCLUSION For each cycle, at least two different sizes indicated in the European standard should be available to students, considering the large variability in body dimensions within each cycle. The match criteria used gives a large percentage of students without pain in a mismatch situation. APPLICATION Future measures applying to secondary schools should revise the decision of selecting a single size of classroom furniture and improve the implementation of the European standard. New criteria for ergonomic mismatch are needed that more closely model the responses about discomfort/pain.
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Photographic Measurement of Upper-Body Standing Posture of Adolescents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2015; 38:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Non-specific low back pain in adolescents from the south of Portugal: prevalence and associated factors. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:883-92. [PMID: 25145999 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition in children and adolescents, and the prevalence has been increasing over the years. Most cases of LBP are due to non-specific causes; however, the role of these risk factors is still controversial. This study determined the prevalence of LBP in Portuguese adolescents and characterized the associated factors. METHODS The design of this study was observational, analytical and cross-sectional. The sample included 966 adolescents from southern Portugal, aged between 10 and 16 years. The assessments included a questionnaire to characterize the presence of LBP, postural habits, body mass index (BMI) and backpack weights and to use a scoliometer to evaluate the presence of scoliosis. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two (15.7 %) students had LPB at the present time, 456 (47.2 %) had experienced it in the last year, and 600 (62.1 %) had lifetime prevalence of LBP. Girls have 2.05 more probability of presenting LBP than boys (95 % CI 1.58-2.65; p < 0.001), and older students have a 1.54 greater probability (95 % CI 1.19-1.99; p = 0.001). Students who sit with the spine incorrectly positioned presented 2.49 greater probability of having LBP (95 % CI 1.91-3.2; p < 0.001), students using improper positions for watching TV or playing games have 2.01 greater probabilities (95 % CI 1.55-2.61; p < 0.001), and those who adopt an incorrect standing posture have a 3.39 greater chance of experiencing LBP (95 % CI 2.19-5.23; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study found a high prevalence of LBP in adolescents, with higher values in older students, female students and those who adopted incorrect positions when sitting or standing.
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Coelho JJ, Graciosa MD, de Medeiros DL, Pacheco SCDS, da Costa LMR, Ries LGK. [Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2014; 32:223-8. [PMID: 25479853 PMCID: PMC4227344 DOI: 10.1590/0103-0582201432312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. Method: Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two
groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and
posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in
extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive
statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of
variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and
gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect
between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t
test were applied. Results: Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and
anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles
(p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and
flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced
flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other
subgroups. Conclusion: Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by
an interactive effect between gender and flexibility.
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Active self-correction of back posture in children instructed with ‘straighten your back’ command. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:392-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Czy istnieje „idealna” pozycja siedząca? / Does „ideal” sitting position exist? ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/rehab-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streszczenie
Wspołczesny człowiek większą cześć dnia spędza w pozycji siedzącej mimo, że sedenteryjny tryb życia często wymieniany jest jako jeden z determinantow zaburzeń postawy ciała oraz dolegliwości bolowych kręgosłupa. Negatywny wpływ długotrwałego przebywania w nieprawidłowej pozycji siedzącej powoduje, że w ramach postępowania profilaktycznego i leczniczego, fizjoterapeuci oraz lekarze często rekomendują rożne sposoby siedzenia w celu uniknięcia lub zmniejszenia dolegliwości bolowych kręgosłupa. Nie ma jednak jednolitych wytycznych odnośnie najbardziej pożądanej pozycji siedzącej, a jej charakterystyka jest przedmiotem dyskusji. Ze względu na negatywne konsekwencje pozycji siedzącej z kyfotycznym ustawieniem kręgosłupa (np. rozciąganie więzadeł nadkolcowych, wywołanie dolegliwości bolowych) w części rekomendacji sugeruje się konieczność odtwarzania w tej pozycji lordotycznego ustawienia odcinka lędźwiowego kręgosłupa. Wśrod zalet tej pozycji wymienia się m. in. mniejsze, w porownaniu do pozycji zgięciowej, ciśnienie w jądrze miażdzystym; mniejsze obciążenie kompresyjne w przedniej części pierścienia włoknistego oraz lepszą amortyzację wstrząsow w czasie ruchu. Pozycja ta może wiązać się jednak ze zwiększonym obciążeniem stawow międzywyrostkowych oraz zwiększoną aktywnością mięśni grzbietu i związanym z tym odczuciem dyskomfortu. Dlatego też w niektorych wytycznych rekomenduje się przyjmowanie pozycji siedzącej z umiarkowanym zgięciem części lędźwiowej kręgosłupa. Ma to zapewnić m. in. rownomierny rozkład obciążenia w krążkach międzykręgowych oraz mniejsze obciążenie stawow międzywyrostkowych.
Biorąc pod uwagę sprzeczne opinie w piśmiennictwie wydaje się, że nie istnieje jedna, uniwersalna, „idealna” pozycja siedząca. Dobor pozycji siedzącej powinien być zawsze indywidualny i uwzględniający osobniczą charakterystykę narządu ruchu. Szczegolnie, że każda pozycja (lordotyczna, kyfotyczna) utrzymywana przez dłuższy czas prowadzi do dyskomfortu oraz objawow ze strony tkanek okołokręgosłupowych.
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Rodrigues PL, Yamada EF. Prevalence of postural alterations in students of Basic Education in the city of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-5150.027.003.ao15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human posture goes through a series of changes in the course of body growth and development, i.e., in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, during these phases, individuals are subject to risk behaviors for spinal problems, especially those related to the use of backpacks and to poor sitting posture. Objective This study aimed to detect the prevalence of postural alterations in school children enrolled in the UMEF Vila Olímpica, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. Methods We evaluated 513 schoolchildren in the orthostatic position and in the anterior, posterior and side view. The following structures were analyzed: head, shoulder, the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, pelvis and lower limbs. Results There was a high prevalence of postural deviations: rotated or tilted head, elevated shoulder and pelvis, valgus or varus knee, head protraction, alterations of the thoracic spine, anteriorized shoulders, pelvis in anteversion, knees semiflexion or hyperextension and cavus or planus feet. Conclusion Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence of postural alterations in students in the school network of Vila Velha (ES). This could be detected through public health policies, such as the federal government´s Health at School Program (PSE).
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Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI. Cervical and shoulder postural assessment of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and association with upper quadrant pain. Braz J Phys Ther 2014; 18:364-71. [PMID: 25054381 PMCID: PMC4183261 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is sparse literature that provides evidence of cervical and shoulder
postural alignment of 15 to 17-year-old adolescents and that analyzes sex
differences. Objectives: To characterize the postural alignment of the head and shoulder in the sagittal
plane of 15 to 17-year-old Portuguese adolescents in natural erect standing and
explore the relationships between three postural angles and presence of neck and
shoulder pain. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two secondary schools in Portugal. 275
adolescent students (153 females and 122 males) aged 15 to 17 were evaluated.
Sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were measured with photogrammetry and
PAS software. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Assessment (ASES)
was used to assess shoulder pain, whereas neck pain was self-reported with a
single question. Results: Mean values of sagittal head, cervical, and shoulder angles were 17.2±5.7,
47.4±5.2, and 51.4±8.5º, respectively. 68% of the participants revealed
protraction of the head, whereas 58% of them had protraction of the shoulder. The
boys showed a significantly higher mean cervical angle, and adolescents with neck
pain revealed lower mean cervical angle than adolescents without neck pain. 53% of
the girls self-reported regular neck pain, contrasting with 19% of the boys. Conclusions: This data shows that forward head and protracted shoulder are common postural
disorders in adolescents, especially in girls. Neck pain is prevalent in
adolescents, especially girls, and it is associated with forward head posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Ruivo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana I Carita
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Furtado RNV, Ribeiro LH, Abdo BDA, Descio FJ, Martucci CE, Serruya DC. [Nonspecific low back pain in young adults: associated risk factors]. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2014; 54:371-7. [PMID: 25627301 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate potential risk factors related to low back pain in the daily routines of two sets of youths: individuals complaining of chronic low back pain and a control group. METHODS The sample consisted of 198 university-age students (male and female) aged between 18 and 29. In accordance with back pain diagnoses, they were separated into two groups: with or without nonspecific chronic low back pain. Both groups were evaluated by a "blinded" observer with no knowledge to the presence or otherwise of lower back pain. Questionnaires concerning clinical-demographic characteristics, life style, quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), pain visual analogical scales (VAS), and physical examination were applied. RESULTS A univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association (P<0.05) with the presence of low back pain and some factors. There was a negative association between low back pain and the following variables: BMI, health self-assessment, VAS and some SF-36 domains (physical functioning, body pain, general health, vitality, social functioning). There was a positive correlation with the following variables: global pain by VAS, presence of diffuse pain and number of tender points. However, the multivariate analysis showed statistically significant correlations (P<0.05) between low back pain and few variables: global pain VAS and number of tender points. CONCLUSION Some variables related to chronic diffuse pain and lower quality of life might be associated to chronic low back pain in young adults. However, longitudinal studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Helena Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Lazary A, Szövérfi Z, Szita J, Somhegyi A, Kümin M, Varga PP. Primary prevention of disc degeneration-related symptoms. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 23 Suppl 3:S385-93. [PMID: 24221919 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been shown previously that a history of low back pain often begins in childhood or adulthood. Indeed, the prevalence of severe back symptoms among schoolchildren is not insignificant. Possibilities for the primary prevention of intervertebral disc degeneration-related conditions are poorly reported in the literature despite the assumed socio-economical impact of the prevention of these conditions. METHODS In this review, the authors have collated published data on the prevalence and risk factors of childhood low back pain as well as the structure and results of published primary prevention programs. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported low back pain is 7-65% among children and it increases with age. Several lifestyle factors have been reported as significant risk factors for back pain, many of which are related to the schools. Current educational primary prevention programs in schools show no clear or long-term stable effect. CONCLUSION Considering the growing evidence about the importance of normal and bad posture, an exercise-based posture correction program is suggested as a school-based primary prevention of disc degeneration-related symptoms. Further, prospective randomized studies with more than 20 years follow-up, however, are strongly required to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Lazary
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Buda Health Center, Kiralyhago u. 1-3., Budapest, 1126, Hungary,
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Is there a difference in head posture and cervical spine movement in children with and without pediatric headache? Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1349-56. [PMID: 23708260 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric headache is an increasingly reported phenomenon. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a subgroup of headache, but there is limited information about cervical spine physical examination signs in children with CGH. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate cervical spine physical examination signs including active range of motion (ROM), posture determined by the craniovertebral angle (CVA), and upper cervical ROM determined by the flexion-rotation test (FRT) in children aged between 6 and 12 years. An additional purpose was to determine the degree of pain provoked by the FRT. Thirty children (mean age 120.70 months [SD 15.14]) with features of CGH and 34 (mean age 125.38 months [13.14]) age-matched asymptomatic controls participated in the study. When compared to asymptomatic controls, symptomatic children had a significantly smaller CVA (p < 0.001), significantly less active ROM in all cardinal planes (p < 0.001), and significantly less ROM during the FRT (p < 0.001), especially towards the dominant headache side (p < 0.001). In addition, symptomatic subjects reported more pain during the FRT (p < 0.001) and there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.758, p < 0.001) between the range recorded during the FRT towards the dominant headache side and FRT pain intensity score. This study found evidence of impaired function of the upper cervical spine in children with CGH and provides evidence of the clinical utility of the FRT when examining children with CGH.
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Cavlak U, Cimbiz A, Akdag B. Non specific low back pain in a Turkish population based sample of school children: a field survey with analysis of associated factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1163/156856906778704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Silva AG, Sharples P, Johnson MI. Studies comparing surrogate measures for head posture in individuals with and without neck pain. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/174328810x12647087218631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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van Niekerk SM, Louw QA, Grimmer-Somers K, Harvey J, Hendry KJ. The anthropometric match between high school learners of the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa and their computer workstation at school. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2013; 44:366-371. [PMID: 23141959 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to present anthropometric data from high school students in Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa that are relevant for chair design and whether the dimensions of computer laboratory chairs currently used in high schools match linear anthropometrics of high-school students. Summary of Background Data. Learner-chair mismatch is proposed as a cause of poor postural alignment and spinal pain in adolescents. A learner-chair mismatch is defined as the incompatibility between the dimensions of a chair and the anthropometric dimensions of the learner. Currently, there is no published research to ascertain whether the furniture dimensions in school computer laboratories match the anthropometrics of the students. This may contribute to the high prevalence of adolescent spinal pain. METHODS The sample consisted of 689 learners, 13-18 years old. The following body dimensions were measured: stature, popliteal height, buttock-to-popliteal length and hip width. These measurements were matched with the corresponding chair seat dimensions: height, depth and width. Popliteal and seat height mismatch was defined when the seat height is either >95% or <88% of the popliteal height. Buttock-popliteal length and seat depth mismatch was defined when the seat depth is either >95% or <80% of the buttock-popliteal length. Seat width mismatch is defined where the seat width should be at least 10% and at the most 30% larger than hip width. RESULTS An 89% of learners did not match the seat. Five percent of learners matched the chair depth, the majority was found to be too big. In contrast, 65% of the learners matched the chair width dimension. CONCLUSIONS A substantial mismatch was found. The school chairs failed standard ergonomics recommendations for the design of furniture to fit the user. This study supports the conclusion that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. There is an urgent need for chairs that are of different sizes or that are adjustable.
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Cheng HYK, Lien YJ, Yu YC, Ju YY, Pei YC, Cheng CH, Wu DBC. The effect of lower body stabilization and different writing tools on writing biomechanics in children with cerebral palsy. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:1152-1159. [PMID: 23376050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high percentage of children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty keeping up with the handwriting demands at school. Previous studies have addressed the effects of proper sitting and writing tool on writing performance, but less on body biomechanics. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lower body stabilization and pencil design on body biomechanics in children with CP. Fourteen children (12.31±4.13 years old) with CP were recruited for this study. A crossover repeated measures design was employed, with two independent variables: lower body stabilization (with/without) and pencil (regular/assigned grip height/biaxial). The writing task was to trace the Archimedean spiral mazes. Electromyography (EMG) of the upper extremity, the wrist flexion/extension movements, and the whole body photography were recorded to quantify the changes in posture and upper extremity biomechanics. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. No significant main effects were revealed in the EMG and wrist kinematics. The lower body stabilization significantly decreased the trunk lateral and forward deviations, and the visual focus-vertical angle. The biaxial pencil and the assigned grip height design significantly decreased the head, shoulder, trunk, and pelvic deviations compared with the regular design. The results indicated that the lower body positioning was effective in improving the trunk posture. A pencil with an assigned grip height or with a biaxial design could improve head, shoulder, trunk and pelvic alignment, but did not influence the muscle exertion of the upper extremity. This study could provide guidelines for parents, teachers and clinicians regarding the selection of writing tools and the knowledge of proper positioning for the children with handwriting difficulties. Further analyses can focus on the design, modification and clinical application of assitive sitting and writing devices for the use in children with handwriting difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, Medical College, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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A systematic review of the relationship between sitting and upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:281-8. [PMID: 23298827 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (UQMP) is a common health problem in children and adolescents. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. The current literature, which indicates that sitting, in terms of sedentary activities and sitting spinal posture, is a possible risk factor of UQMP, is controversial. This systematic review is aimed at ascertaining whether there is evidence for sitting as a risk factor for UQMP, and determining the different elements of sitting that are related to UQMP experienced by children and adolescents. METHODS Six electronic databases, BioMed Central (2007-2011), CINAHL (2007-2011), Proquest (2007-2011), Pubmed (2007-2011), Science Direct (2007-2011) and SCOPUS (1960-2011) were searched. The eligible papers were appraised using a standardised critical appraisal tool, the Critical Appraisal Tool for Quantitative Studies (Law et al., 1998). RESULTS Ten papers were eligible for the review. Four papers reported significant positive associations between sitting and UQMP in children and adolescents. Five elements of sitting were identified as relating to UQMP. Those were sitting duration; activities while sitting; activities while sitting and sitting duration; dynamism; and postural angles. CONCLUSION There is unequivocal evidence that sitting and UQMP are related in children and adolescents. End of range postural angles should be considered as possible risk factors and these elements of sitting should be explored in future research.
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Baharampour S, Nazari J, Dianat I, Asgharijafarabadi M. Student's Body Dimensions in Relation to Classroom Furniture. Health Promot Perspect 2013; 3:165-74. [PMID: 24688966 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2013.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to investigate the fit between university student's anthropometry and classroom furniture dimensions. METHOD In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analyzing study conducted in 2012, a total of 194 students (aged 18 through 30 years), were recruited randomly from Tabriz University of Medical Science community. The body size of each student was assessed using anthropometric measurements including shoulder height, elbow height, popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, hip breadth and distance between elbows. Combinational equations defined the acceptable furni-ture dimensions according to anthropometry and match percentages were computed, according to either the existing situations assuming that they could use the most appropriate of the sizes available. RESULTS Desk and seat height were higher than the accepted limits for most students (92.5% and 98.4%, respectively), while seat depth was appropriate for only 84.6% of students. The data indicate a mismatch between the students' bodily dimensions and the classroom furniture available to them. The chairs are too high and too deep and desks are also too high for the pupils. This situation may have negative effects on the sitting posture of the students especially when reading and writing. CONCLUSION High mismatch percentages were found between furniture and stu-dents' anthropometry. The results confirm that furniture for university students should be selected and designed busied on their anthropometric dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Baharampour
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Nazari
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Kistner F, Fiebert I, Roach K, Moore J. Postural compensations and subjective complaints due to backpack loads and wear time in schoolchildren. Pediatr Phys Ther 2013; 25:15-24. [PMID: 23288001 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0b013e31827ab2f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of carrying weighted backpacks of up to 20% of body weight on the posture and pain complaints of elementary-school children. METHODS Craniovertebral, forward trunk lean and pelvic tilt angles were measured from sagittal photographs of 62 children (8-11 years old) before and after walking while carrying backpacks containing 10%, 15%, or 20% of body weight. Pain severity after a 6-minute walk with the loaded backpack was recorded. Subjective complaints of pain were assessed using a visual analog scale after walking. RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in postural angles and increased complaints of pain after walking with increased backpack loads. CONCLUSION These results indicate that typical backpack loads create worsening postural changes due to backpack loads and time spent carrying those loads, putting children at increased risk for injury and pain, the latter of which is a strong predictor for back pain in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Kistner
- School of Physical Therapy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, USA.
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