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Harrison JJ, Brismée JM, Sizer PS, Denny BK, Sobczak S. Sustained versus repetitive standing trunk extension results in greater spinal growth and pain improvement in back pain:A randomized clinical trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:395-405. [PMID: 38108341 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND McKenzie standing trunk extension exercises have been used for the management of low back pain (LBP). However, no study to date has investigated the effect of standing trunk extension postures on spinal height and clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate in subjects with LBP following a period of trunk loading how spinal height, pain, symptoms' centralization and function outcome measures respond to two standing postures interventions: (1) repetitive trunk extension (RTE) and (2) sustained trunk extension (STE). METHODS A consecutive sample of convenience of people with LBP were recruited to participate in 2-session physical therapy using either RTE or STE in standing. RESULTS Thirty participants (18 women) with a mean age of 53 ± 17.5 years completed the study. The first session resulted in spinal height increase (spinal growth) of 2.07 ± 1.32 mm for the RTE intervention and 4.54 ± 1.61 mm for the STE group (p< 0.001; ES = 1.67), while the second session (2-week following the first session) resulted in spinal growth of 2.39 ± 1.46 mm for the RTE group and 3.91 ± 2.06 mm for the STE group (p= 0.027; ES = 0.85). The STE group presented with the larger reduction in most pain from 6 to 2 as compared to the RTE group from 6 to 4 between Session 1 and Session 2 (p< 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in Modified Oswestry score and symptoms centralization (p= 0.88 and p= 0.77, respectively). CONCLUSION People with LBP experienced greater spine growth and improvements of pain during standing STE as compared to RTE. People with LBP could use such postures and movements to alleviate their LBP and improve spine height while in a weight bearing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Harrison
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Outpatient Orthopedic Clinic, Fredericksburg, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Phillip S Sizer
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brent K Denny
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stéphane Sobczak
- Département D'Anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Unité de Recherche en Anatomie Clinique et Fonctionnelle (URACEF), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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2
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Barrington S, Farid H. A comparative analysis of human and AI performance in forensic estimation of physical attributes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4784. [PMID: 36959267 PMCID: PMC10036317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human errors in criminal investigations have previously led to devastating miscarriages of justice. For example, flaws in forensic identification based on physical or photographic evidence are notoriously unreliable. The criminal justice system has, therefore, started to turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the reliability and fairness of forensic identification. So as not to repeat history, it is critical to evaluate the appropriateness of deploying these new AI forensic tools. We assess the feasibility of measuring basic physical attributes in a photo using a state-of-the-art AI system, and compare performance with human experts and non-experts. Our results raise concerns as to the use of current AI-based forensic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hany Farid
- School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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3
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Johnson ME, Karges-Brown JR, Brismée JM, Brenza TM, Piper AK. Innovative seated vertical lumbar traction allows simultaneous computer work while inducing spinal height changes similar to supine lying. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:739-749. [PMID: 36641660 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar intervertebral disc height loss has been associated with spinal height change (SHC) and low back pain (LBP), including stenosis. Non-invasive methods to improve disc height loss require forms of lying down, which are unconducive to computer work. OBJECTIVE Intermittent vertical traction (VT) integrated with seated computer work may provide ergonomic alternatives for increasing SHC to promote LBP relief. The primary aim was to develop and introduce a safe VT prototype and dosage to induce and measure SHC. Prototype comfort and LBP ratings were exploratory secondary aims. METHODS Forty-one participants were stadiometry-measured for pre- and post-intervention SHC from seated VT at 35% body weight removed, supine lying (SL), and sitting at a computer (SIT) without VT. Pain ratings were recorded for those self-reporting LBP. VT prototype evaluations were compiled from a 3-question, 7-point Likert-style survey. RESULTS SHC increased by 3.9 ± 3.4 mm in VT, 1.7 ± 3.4 mm in SIT, and 4.3 ± 3.1 mm in SL (P< 0.000). Post hoc findings were significant between VT and SIT (P< 0.000), and SL and SIT (P< 0.000). VT and SL LBP ratings both decreased, but not SIT. CONCLUSION Intermittent seated VT is a promising alternative for postural relief during seated computer work, producing SHC similar to lying down without compromising workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit E Johnson
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Joy R Karges-Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of South Dakota, Sanford Coyote Sports Center, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy M Brenza
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Adam K Piper
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA.,Department of Industrial Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
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4
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Marineau Belanger E, Boon DM, Descarreaux M, Abboud J. The effect of low back pain on neuromuscular control in cyclists. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1255-1264. [PMID: 35389326 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify neuromuscular adaptations of low back pain (LBP) cyclists , and the impact of a cycling effort on spinal shrinkage. Forty-eight trained cyclists rode their road bike on a smart trainer for 1-hour. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity of the lumbar erector spinae (LES), 3D motion analysis system recorded kinematic of the trunk, and stadiometry measured spinal height. Statistical comparisons were made using repeated measure ANOVAs. The LBP group presented increase in pain levels throughout the effort (p < 0.001). A significant group difference was only observed for the thoracic angle (p = 0.03), which was less flexed for LBP. The one-hour cycling effort (time effect) significantly increased the trunk flexion (p < 0.001) and thoracic flexion (p < 0.001) for both groups. Significant lower LES activation (35% less) was observed at the end of the effort as well as a decrease in spinal height (p = 0.01) for both groups. Neuromuscular adaptations to cycling effort is identified by a decrease in LES EMG amplitude and an increase flexion of the trunk. Adaptation to pain is seen by an increase in thoracic flexion. Despite these adaptations, LBP cyclists could not ride their bike pain-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Marineau Belanger
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Dan-Mihai Boon
- parcours neuroscience du mouvement, Université de Paris-Est CréteilFaculté de biologie-santé.,Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, Campus Paris, France
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Jacques Abboud
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Use of machine learning to select texture features in investigating the effects of axial loading on T 2-maps from magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar discs. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 31:1979-1991. [PMID: 34718864 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-07036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in texture analysis and machine learning offer new opportunities to improve the application of imaging to intervertebral disc biomechanics. This study employed texture analysis and machine learning on MRIs to investigate the lumbar disc's response to loading. METHODS Thirty-five volunteers (30 (SD 11) yrs.) with and without chronic back pain spent 20 min lying in a relaxed unloaded supine position, followed by 20 min loaded in compression, and then 20 min with traction applied. T2-weighted MR images were acquired during the last 5 min of each loading condition. Custom image analysis software was used to segment discs from adjacent tissues semi-automatically and segment each disc into the nucleus, anterior and posterior annulus automatically. A grey-level, co-occurrence matrix with one to four pixels offset in four directions (0°, 45°, 90° and 135°) was then constructed (320 feature/tissue). The Random Forest Algorithm was used to select the most promising classifiers. Linear mixed-effect models and Cohen's d compared loading conditions. FINDINGS All statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the nucleus and posterior annulus in the 135° offset direction at the L4-5 level between lumbar compression and traction. Correlation (P2-Offset, P4-Offset) and information measure of correlation 1 (P3-Offset, P4-Offset) detected significant changes in the nucleus. Statistically significant changes were also observed for homogeneity (P2-Offset, P3-Offset), contrast (P2-Offset), and difference variance (P4-Offset) of the posterior annulus. INTERPRETATION MRI textural features may have the potential of identifying the disc's response to loading, particularly in the nucleus and posterior annulus, which appear most sensitive to loading. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
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6
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Abdollah V, Parent EC, Dolatabadi S, Marr E, Croutze R, Wachowicz K, Kawchuk G. Texture analysis in the classification of T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance images in persons with and without low back pain. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2187-2196. [PMID: 33247597 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging findings often do not distinguish between people with and without low back pain (LBP). However, there are still a large number of people who undergo magnetic resonance imaging to help determine the etiology of their back pain. Texture analysis shows promise for the classification of tissues that look similar, and machine learning can minimize the number of comparisons. This study aimed to determine if texture features from lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging differ between people with and without LBP. In total, 14 participants with chronic LBP were matched for age, weight, and gender with 14 healthy volunteers. A custom texture analysis software was used to construct a gray-level co-occurrence matrix with one to four pixels offset in 0° direction for the disc and superior and inferior endplate regions. The Random Forests Algorithm was used to select the most promising classifiers. The linear mixed-effect model analysis was used to compare groups (pain vs. pain-free) at each level controlling for age. The Random Forest Algorithm recommended focusing on intervertebral discs and endplate zones at L4-5 and L5-S1. Differences were observed between groups for L5-S1 superior endplate contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p = .02). Differences were observed for L5-S1 disc contrast and homogeneity (p < .01), as well as for the inferior endplates contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p < .03). Magnetic resonance imaging textural features may have potential in identifying structures that may be the target of further investigations about the reasons for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Abdollah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric C Parent
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samin Dolatabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica Marr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger Croutze
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Wachowicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical Physics Division, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg Kawchuk
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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The effects of axial loading on the morphometric and T 2 characteristics of lumbar discs in relation to disc degeneration. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 83:105291. [PMID: 33596534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration affects the morphology, biomechanics and biochemistry of the disc. The study aimed to compare the effects of compression and traction on lumbar discs measurements in relation to degeneration. METHODS Thirty-five volunteers (30 (SD 11) yrs.) with and without chronic back pain rested supine 15 min before an unloaded T2-mapping MRI, were then loaded 20 min with 50% body weight with imaging during the last 5 min, and then repeated this process under traction. For lumbar discs, height, angle, width, mean-T2, and T2-weighted centroid locations were calculated. A repeated measure ANCOVA and Cohen's d compared loading conditions. Relations between measurement changes between conditions and degeneration assessed by Pfirrmann ratings were examined graphically. FINDINGS From compression to traction, we observed significant: decrease in L1-2 mean-T2 (Effect size = -0.35); inferior and posterior shift in L4-5 (0.4, 0.14) and L5-S1 (0.25, 0.33) T2-weighted centroid. From unloaded to compression, we observed a significant: increase in L5-S1 width (Effect Size = 0.22); anterior shift in L1-2 T2-weighted centroid (0.39); and L3-4 (mean 2.1°) and L4-5 (1.8°) extension angle. More degeneration was graphically related with larger changes from Compression to Traction (more superior and, anterior position of the T2-weighted centroid, increased height, reduced extension of segmental angle) and from Unloaded to Compression larger changes in inferior displacement of the T2-weighted centroid, decrease in height) but less anterior displacement of the centroid and less change in segmental angles. INTERPRETATION The largest loading responses were at lower levels, generally with more degeneration. T2-weighted centroid locations, angle and disc height detected the largest loading response.
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8
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Hallur SS, Brismée JM, Sizer PS, Dierick F, Dewan BM, Thiry P, Sobczak S. Three-Dimensional Spinal Position With and Without Manual Distraction Load Increases Spinal Height. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:267-275. [PMID: 32709513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate if spinal height increases using 3-dimensional (3-D) spinal position with and without manual distraction load and to assess the correlation between spine height changes and degrees of trunk rotation. METHODS Fifty-six participants were randomly placed in one of two groups: (1) 3-D spinal position with manual distraction load, and (2) without manual distraction load. Spinal height was measured before and after the interventions using a stadiometer. For the statistical analysis, we used a 2 (Loading status: pre- versus post-intervention height) X 2 (3-D spinal position: with versus without manual distraction load) repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to identify significant interaction and main effects. Paired t-tests were used to calculate differences in spinal height changes between the two interventions. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure correlations between changes in spinal heights and degrees of trunk rotation. RESULTS Mean spinal height increase with 3-D spinal position with and without manual distraction load was 6.30 mm (±6.22) and 5.69 mm (±4.13), respectively. No significant interaction effect was present between loading status and 3-D spinal position but a significant main effect in loading status was. Paired t-tests revealed significant differences in spinal heights between pre-and post-3-D spinal position with and without manual distraction load. No significant correlation was measured between trunk rotation and spinal height changes. CONCLUSION 3-D spinal position with or without distraction load increased spinal height. This suggests that 3-D spinal positioning without manual distraction could be used in home settings to help maintain intervertebral disc (IVD) health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohal S Hallur
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX.
| | - Phillip S Sizer
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Frédéric Dierick
- Centre National de R é education Fonctionnelle et de R éadaptation-Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture (LAMP), Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Birendra M Dewan
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Paul Thiry
- Forme & Fonctionnement Humain Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, CERISIC, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut & Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Sobczak
- Research Unit in Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Départment d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Rubinic DM, Koo V, Dudley J, Owens SC. Changes in Spinal Height After Manual Axial Traction or Side Lying: A Clinical Measure of Intervertebral Disc Hydration Using Stadiometry. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019; 42:187-194. [PMID: 31078315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction compared with side lying on increased spine height after sustained loading. METHODS Twenty-one asymptomatic participants were included. Participants either received manual therapy technique consisting of manual axial traction force for 2 consecutive rounds of 3 minutes or sustained side lying for 10 minutes. Spine height was measured using a commercially available stadiometer. Spinal height change was determined from measurements taken after loaded walking and measurements taken after manual therapy. A paired t test was performed to determine if a manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction increased spinal height after a period of spinal loading. RESULTS A significant increase in height was found after both manual therapy technique and sustained side lying (P < .0001). The mean height gain was 8.60 mm using 3-dimensional axial separation. CONCLUSION This study is an initial attempt at evaluating the biomechanical effects of manual therapy technique consisting of axial traction. Both manual axial traction force and sustained side-lying position were equally effective for short-term change in spine height after a loaded walking protocol among healthy asymptomatic individuals. This study protocol may help to inform future studies that evaluate spine height after loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Rubinic
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA.
| | - Victor Koo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA
| | - Julian Dudley
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA
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Munster MM, Brismée JM, Sizer PS, Browne K, Dewan B, Litke A, Pape JL, Sobczak S. Can 5 minutes of repetitive prone press-ups and sustained prone press-ups following a period of spinal loading reverse spinal shrinkage? Physiother Theory Pract 2018; 35:259-267. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1442539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Munster
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Phillip S Sizer
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Browne
- The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Birendra Dewan
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Amber Litke
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John L Pape
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stéphane Sobczak
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Département d’Anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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11
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Pape JL, Brismée JM, Sizer PS, Matthijs OC, Browne KL, Dewan BM, Sobczak S. Increased spinal height using propped slouched sitting postures: Innovative ways to rehydrate intervertebral discs. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2018; 66:9-17. [PMID: 28958435 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upright and slouched sitting are frequently adopted postures associated with increased intradiscal pressure, spinal height loss and intervertebral disc pathology. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of two sustained propped slouched sitting (PSS) postures on spinal height after a period of trunk loading. METHODS Thirty-four participants without a history of low back pain (LBP) were recruited (age 24.4 ± 1.6 years). Subjects sat in (1) PSS without lumbar support and (2) PSS with lumbar support for 10 min, after a period of trunk loading. Spinal height was measured using a stadiometer. RESULTS Mean spinal height increase during PSS without lumbar support was 2.94 ± 3.63 mm and with lumbar support 4.74 ± 3.07 mm. CONCLUSIONS Both PSS with and without lumbar support significantly increased spinal height after a period of trunk loading (p < 0.001). Such PSS postures can provide a valuable alternative to upright sitting and may be recommended for recovering spinal height in the working environment following periods of loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Pape
- Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees, United Kingdom; Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States.
| | - Phillip S Sizer
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States
| | - Omer C Matthijs
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States; IAOM Fortbildung GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kevin L Browne
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States
| | - Birendra M Dewan
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States
| | - Stéphane Sobczak
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States; Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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12
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Poortmans V, Brismée JM, Poortmans B, Matthijs OC, Dugailly PM, Sobczak S. Assessment of Lumbar Spine Height Following Sustained Lumbar Extension Posture: Comparison Between Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography and Stadiometry. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016; 39:586-593. [PMID: 27637322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to correlate sitting height measured by stadiometry with lumbar spine height (LSH) modifications measured by musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSU). METHODS Eighteen healthy young adults were recruited for this study (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.5 years). All subjects were tested in the following sequence: (1) lying supine for 10 minutes, (2) sitting under loaded (9.5 kg) and unloaded conditions for 5 minutes each, (3) lying supine for 15 minutes with passive lumbar extension, and (4) sitting unloaded for 5 minutes. Both stadiometry and MSU measurements were taken after each step of the testing sequence. RESULTS Following the loaded sitting step, sitting height (measured by stadiometry) decreased by 3.4 ± 1.6 mm, whereas following sustained lumbar extension, sitting height increased by 5.4 ± 3.5 mm (P < .05). Following loaded sitting and sustained lumbar extension, LSH decreased by 3.8 ± 1.7 mm and increased by 6.2 ± 4.1 mm, respectively (P < .05). On the basis of the mean differences (between the different steps of the testing sequence), the mean correlation coefficient and the mean coefficient of determination between stadiometry and MSU measurements were calculated at 0.93 ± 0.07 and 0.88 ± 0.13, respectively, and no statistical differences were observed (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS In vivo measurements of sitting height changes, measured using stadiometry, were strongly correlated with LSH changes, measured using ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Poortmans
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Bernard Poortmans
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Omer C Matthijs
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Pierre-Michel Dugailly
- Research Unit in Osteopathy, Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Sobczak
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
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Huang SL, Liu YX, Yuan GL, Zhang J, Yan HW. Characteristics of lumbar disc herniation with exacerbation of presentation due to spinal manipulative therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e661. [PMID: 25816037 PMCID: PMC4554006 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to delineate the characteristics of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in patients with exacerbation of symptoms caused by spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). The main emphasis should be on the prevention of this condition by identifying relevant risk factors. Detailed clinico-radiological profiles of a total number of 10 LDH patients with exacerbation of presentation after SMT were reviewed. All the patients underwent neurological and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Laminectomy and discectomy were performed, and follow-up was carried out in all patients. The duration of symptoms in the patients before SMT was 4-15 years. After the therapy, an acute exacerbation of back and radicular pain was observed within 24 h. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that L4-L5 was the most frequently affected level observed (7 patients), and each patient had a large disc fragment in the spinal canal. The disc fragments were classified into 3 types according to their localizations. The time internal between the exacerbation of presentation and surgery was 23.1 days. No perioperative complications were noted. All the patients were relieved of radicular pain a few days after surgery. During postoperative follow-up, all patients regained the ability to walk; one patient received catheterization for 1 month and another for 6 months. Eight patients reported a complete resolution of presentation and the rest 2 patients were significantly improved. SMT should be prohibited in some LDH patients to prevent neurological damages, in whom there are 5 possible risk factors. Surgical results for these patients are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Huang
- From the Department of Orthopaedics (S-LH, H-WY), Central Laboratory for Scientific Research (G-LY), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Department of Neurosurgery (Y-XL), First Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin; and Department of Orthopaedics (JZ), Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, China
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Lazzarini M, Brismée JM, Owens SC, Dedrick GS, Sizer PS. Spinal height change in response to sustained and repetitive prone lumbar extension after a period of spinal unloading. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2014; 37:586-92. [PMID: 25200271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences in spinal height changes in healthy individuals were observed after a period of spinal unloading using repetitive as compared with sustained lumbar extension exercises. METHODS This study used a pretest, posttest, crossover design. Asymptomatic participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Thirty-two participants (15 male; 17 female) without back pain were included in the data analysis (mean, 24.4 years; range, 20-41 years). Participants performed sustained or repetitive prone lumbar extension exercises after 1 hour of sustained spinal unloading. Spinal height was measured using a stadiometer before and after the repetitive and sustained prone lumbar extension exercises. RESULTS Paired t tests revealed no significant difference in spine height after repetitive (P = .774) or sustained (P = .545) prone lumbar extension after a period of spinal unloading. No significant difference between spinal height changes occurred between sustained (mean [SD], -0.28 [2.59] mm) and repetitive (mean [SD], -0.12 [2.42] mm) lumbar extension (P = .756). CONCLUSION In this group of asymptomatic individuals, sustained and repetitive lumbar extension exercises did not appear to affect spinal height after a period of spinal unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- M'Lyn Lazzarini
- Research Associate, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Professor, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX.
| | | | | | - Phillip S Sizer
- Professor, Center for Rehabilitation Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
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Short-term effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, spinal mobility, and full height recovery in male subjects with degenerative disk disease: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95:1613-9. [PMID: 24862763 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-term effect on spinal mobility, pain perception, neural mechanosensitivity, and full height recovery after high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) spinal manipulation (SM) in the lumbosacral joint (L5-S1). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial with evaluations at baseline and after intervention. SETTING University-based physical therapy research clinic. PARTICIPANTS Men (N=40; mean age ± SD, 38 ± 9.14 y) with diagnosed degenerative lumbar disease at L5-S1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: a treatment group (TG) (n=20; mean age ± SD, 39 ± 9.12 y) and a control group (CG) (n=20; mean age ± SD, 37 ± 9.31 y). All participants completed the intervention and follow-up evaluations. INTERVENTIONS A single L5-S1 SM technique (pull-move) was performed in the TG, whereas the CG received a single placebo intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included assessing the subject's height using a stadiometer. The secondary outcome measures included perceived low back pain, evaluated using a visual analog scale; neural mechanosensitivity, as assessed using the passive straight-leg raise (SLR) test; and amount of spinal mobility in flexion, as measured using the finger-to-floor distance (FFD) test. RESULTS The intragroup comparison indicated a significant improvement in all variables in the TG (P<.001). There were no changes in the CG, except for the FFD test (P=.008). In the between-group comparison of the mean differences from pre- to postintervention, there was statistical significance for all cases (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS An HVLA SM in the lumbosacral joint performed on men with degenerative disk disease immediately improves self-perceived pain, spinal mobility in flexion, hip flexion during the passive SLR test, and subjects' full height. Future studies should include women and should evaluate the long-term results.
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Cheng X, Zhang T, Shan X, Wang J. Effect of posterior cruciate ligament creep on muscular co-activation around knee: A pilot study. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:271-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Tyrakowski M, Kotwicki T, Czubak J, Siemionow K. Calculation of corrected body height in idiopathic scoliosis: comparison of four methods. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:1244-50. [PMID: 24687626 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to analyze four radiographic methods of calculating the loss of body height associated with scoliosis. METHODS Thirty patients with right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis were examined with standing postero-anterior radiographs. Cobb angles of the upper thoracic, main thoracic and lumbar curves were measured. The loss of body height due to scoliosis was measured directly on the radiographs and then calculated using the methods of Bjure, Kono, Stokes and Ylikoski, respectively. The reproducibility of calculations was tested. Detailed analysis of two patients with similar Cobb angle but different trunk height was performed. RESULTS The mean Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 46° (21°-74°). The mean loss of body height was 23 mm (11-43 mm) calculated by method of Bjure, 7 mm (-24 to 46 mm) by Kono, 20 mm (5-47 mm) by Stokes, 14 mm (3-36 mm) by Ylikoski, versus 18 mm (3-50 mm) measured directly on radiographs. The overall difference between the loss of body heights was significant (p < 0.0001), with significant differences in pairs for: Bjure versus Kono (p < 0.0001), Stokes versus Kono (p = 0.0002), Kono versus measured (p = 0.0061) and Bjure versus Ylikoski (p = 0.0386). Strong linear correlation between the methods was found (r ≥ 0.92; p < 0.0001). High reproducibility of height loss calculations was noticed. The two patients with similar Cobb angle and different trunk height revealed similar height loss calculated, while different loss measured on radiographs. CONCLUSIONS There existed no overall agreement between the four methods of calculation of the loss of body height associated with scoliosis. Calculations based on the Cobb angle produced inaccuracy and could be supplemented with data considering trunk size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Tyrakowski
- Department of Orthopedics, Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Konarskiego 13, 05-400, Otwock, Poland,
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Gallagher KM, Campbell T, Callaghan JP. The influence of a seated break on prolonged standing induced low back pain development. ERGONOMICS 2014; 57:555-562. [PMID: 24734970 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.893027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the recent attention to 'sitting disease', health practitioners and scientists are promoting standing in the workplace to decrease sedentary time, despite a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) development during prolonged standing. The purpose of this study was to assess how a seated break inserted between bouts of prolonged standing would influence LBP development, posture and movement. A total of 20 participants stood for 45 minutes, sat for 15 minutes and repeated this sequence while lumbar and thoracic angles were measured, and LBP visual analogue scale reports were taken. Of the sample, 55% participants reported LBP in standing. A stand to sit ratio of 3:1 did not provide lasting recovery of LBP from standing and pain developers utilised a limited range of their lumbar spine angle and increased thoracic extension, resulting in static postures that caused tissue aggravation that was not resolved after 15 minutes of sitting. Prolonged standing in the workplace has the potential to result in LBP for some workers and alternate ways to reduce sedentary time should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Gallagher
- a Department of Kinesiology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
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Knechtle B, Rüst CA, Rosemann T, Knechtle P, Bescos R. Estimation bias: body mass and body height in endurance athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 115:833-44. [PMID: 23409596 DOI: 10.2466/03.27.pms.115.6.833-844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Body Mass Index is associated with endurance performance in athletes. Reported and measured values of body mass and body height in 1,618 endurance athletes (1,358 men, 260 women) showed that men and women both underestimated their body mass and overestimated their body height, leading to an underestimation of Body Mass Index. There were age and sex differences in estimates of height and weight; for both women and men, underestimation of Body Mass Index amounted to 0.4 kg/m2. Master athletes tended to underestimate their body mass and overestimate their body height thus leading to significant differences between estimated and measured Body Mass Index. However, the magnitude of underestimation of BMI probably has a negligible influence on performance predictions. The differences between measured and estimated body mass, height, and BMI were within the range of normal daily variation, and for body height even within the precision of the measurement (0.5 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Shan X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Chen Z, Wei Y. Flexion relaxation of erector spinae response to spinal shrinkage. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22:370-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bibliography Current World Literature. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e318256e7f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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