1
|
Lee Y, Kim YM, Pyo S, Yun MH. Development of a sitting posture monitoring system for children using pressure sensors: An application of convolutional neural network. Work 2022; 72:351-366. [PMID: 35431221 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, sedentary lifestyles are very common for children. Therefore, maintaining a good posture while sitting is very important to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. To maintain a good posture, the formation of good postural habit must be encouraged through posture correction. However, long-term observation is required for effective posture correction. Additionally, posture correction is more effective when it is performed in real time. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to classify nine representative sitting postures of children by applying a machine learning technique using pressure distribution data according to the sitting postures. METHODS In this study, a customized film-type pressure sensor was developed and pressure distribution data from nine sitting postures was collected from seven to twelve year-old children. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to classify the sitting postures and three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model in three applicable usage scenarios: usage by familiar identifiable users, usage by familiar, but unidentifiable users, and usage by unfamiliar users. RESULTS The results of our experiments revealed model accuracies of 99.66%, 99.40%, and 77.35%, respectively. When comparing the recall values for each posture, leaning left and leaning right postures had high recall values, but good posture, leaning forward, and crossed-legs postures had low recall values. CONCLUSION The results of experiments indicated that CNN is an excellent classification method to classify the posture when the pressure distribution data is used as input data. This study is expected to contribute a development of system to aid in observing the natural sitting behavior of children and correcting poor posture in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushin Lee
- Major Program in Industrial Data Science & Engineering, Department of Industrial and Data Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Big Data and AI, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sujin Pyo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Yun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fidelis OP, Ogunlade B. Anthropometric perspective to classroom furniture ergonomics and the need for standards in Nigerian schools. Work 2022; 72:279-289. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Classroom furniture designs have been implicated in musculoskeletal disorders among school age persons due to high level mismatches between the furniture dimensions and users’ anthropometrics. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze classroom furniture ergonomics at selected primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria and to understand if there are noticeable patterns in the match/mismatch. METHOD: Anthropometric measures relevant to furniture design were obtained from primary and secondary school children as well as from university undergraduates. The dimensions of classroom furniture available to the participants were also taken and an assessment of the suitability of the furniture was completed. RESULT: The ergonomic evaluation of the classroom furniture available to the study participants revealed enormous discrepancies between the furniture dimensions and the anthropometric measures of the users. In addition, a pattern was observed in the way the matches/mismatches occurred. The furniture dimensions that matched majority of the users tend to match across the three categories and those that did not match majority of the students, also followed the same pattern. CONCLUSION: The study presents remarkably high levels of mismatches between classroom furniture and users’ anthropometrics and therefore calls for a review of the policies for classroom furniture design in Nigeria, if at all any policy exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obinna P. Fidelis
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Optimal bed height for passive manual tasks. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 29:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Gutiérrez-Santiago A, Prieto-Lage I, Cancela-Carral JM, Paramés-González A. Validation of Two Instruments for the Correct Allocation of School Furniture in Secondary Schools to Prevent Back Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:20. [PMID: 35010278 PMCID: PMC8750475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain is common in secondary school students. If we adjust the school furniture to the anthropometric characteristics of the pupils, we will improve their posture and reduce back pain. There is a high degree of mismatch between the furniture used by students and that which should be used. The objectives of this research are to discover the degree of mismatch and validate two instruments that allow a correct allocation of the furniture. METHODS The selected sample was 132 secondary students (14.08 ± 1.10 years). An anthropometer was used to determine the ideal height of the chair and table; data were taken from body segments. The recorded values were compared with those obtained by the two measurement instruments to be validated. Inter-measurer and intra-measurer reliability and validation were performed using t-tests and Pearson's coefficient, respectively. Different analysis techniques were used: descriptive, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and effect size. The established level of significance was ρ < 0.05. RESULTS The mismatch between the anthropometric dimensions of the students and the existing furniture in the classrooms was 98.5 % for the chairs and 100 % for the tables. The correlational analysis of the instruments to be validated shows an r = 0.993 in the chair and r = 0.996 in the table. CONCLUSIONS There is a high degree of mismatch between the furniture and the anthropometric characteristics of the students. The proposed furniture allocation instruments are adequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Gutiérrez-Santiago
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| | | | - Adrián Paramés-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.P.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Satır B, Erdoğan FÇ. Comparison of classroom furniture to anthropometric measures of Turkish middle school students. Work 2021; 70:493-508. [PMID: 34633350 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The match between classroom furniture and students' anthropometry is an important factor in students' academic performance. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the ergonomic suitability of the classroom furniture to the students, and to propose design suggestions for both desks and chairs. METHODS We analyzed the ergonomics of classroom furniture that students aged 10-14 years old in Turkey currently use. To this end, we selected Maltepe Primary Education School, one of the largest schools in the Çankaya district of Turkey's capital city, Ankara, in which to conduct the study. A sample of 119 students was selected, and seven anthropometric measurements were taken for each of these students. We then calculated five relationships between the dimensions of the furniture and the students' anthropometric measures. RESULTS We observed high levels of mismatch rates, with an average of 66.6%and high values of over 95%for the relations of two furniture measures, seat depth (related with buttock-popliteal length) and seat-to-desk height (related with elbow height, sitting). Each anthropometric measure was applied a fit probability distribution, and based on those distributions; we suggested the most appropriate classroom furniture dimensions in order to maximize suitability of the furniture to the anthropometric measures in terms of fixed-size (i.e., non-adjustable) classroom furniture. CONCLUSIONS High mismatch rates can be reduced by 52.0%on average based on the classroom furniture dimensions suggested in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benhür Satır
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yulianingtyas RA, Haqi DN. Designing School Tables and Chairs based on Anthropometry of Elementary School Students in Surabaya. THE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v10i1.2021.97-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: School tables and chairs are needed amongst many other facilities which support the teaching and learning activities. Uncomfortable tables and chairs can cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to design school table and chair sizes in accordance with anthropometry of elementary school students, so the tables and chairs do not cause health problems for children. Methods: The population used in this study was 72 students of elementary school students in Surabaya, and the sample size was 61 students. The sampling method used in this research was a simple random sampling. The anthropometric data measured were shoulder height in the sitting position, elbow height in the sitting position, popliteal-buttock length, knee height, popliteal height, shoulder width, and distance from elbow to fingertips. Meanwhile, the dimensions of tables and chairs measured were chair height, chair width, back length, back height, table height, table width, and underneath desk height. Results: The results of the research show that the sizes of existing tables and chairs are mismatched with student anthropometry. There are 7 dimensions of proposed table and chair sizes which are based on anthropometric data. Specifically, the chair height is 33.25 cm, chair width is 33.25 cm, backrest length is 46.50 cm, backrest height is 49.60 cm, table height is 56.85 cm, table width is 39.05 cm, and underneath desk height is 47 cm. Conclusion: The sizes of existing tables and chairs still need improvement in all dimensions based on the students’ anthropometric measurements.Keywords: anthropometry, chair, elementary school students, table
Collapse
|
7
|
Khoshabi P, Nejati E, Ahmadi SF, Chegini A, Makui A, Ghousi R. Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach to compare types of classroom furniture considering mismatches for anthropometric measures of university students. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239297. [PMID: 32941538 PMCID: PMC7498002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mismatch between students’ anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions have been investigated in many countries. In Iran, collegians spend at least a quarter of the day hours at university in the sitting position, so it is essential to evaluate furniture mismatch among university students. In Iranian universities, the use of chairs with an attached table is widespread, while the study of mismatches in these chairs among the collegian community is rare. This study was aimed to compare and rank different classroom furniture types based on the mismatch between collegians’ anthropometric measures and the dimensions of classroom furniture among Industrial Engineering students by developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach in an integrated Methodology. The sample consisted of 111 participants (71 males, 40 females). Ten anthropometric measures were gathered, together with eight furniture dimensions for four types of chairs. Mismatch analyses were carried out using mismatch equations, and the Simple Additive Weighting method was used as a base method to solve the decision-making problem. The results indicated that Underneath Desk Height and Seat to Desk Clearance showed the highest levels of the match, while Seat Width presents the highest levels of low mismatch. According to the results, Type 1 and Type 3 were the best current classroom furniture. The Sensitivity Analysis was performed in two ways: changing the weights of criteria in nine scenarios and comparing the results with five other MCDM methods. The proposed MCDM approach can be used widely in furniture procurement processes and educational environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Khoshabi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Nejati
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyede Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Chegini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Makui
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Ghousi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adeyemi AJ, Lasisi OI, Ojile P, Abdulkadir M. The effect of furniture intervention on the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and academic performance of students in North-West Nigeria. Work 2019; 65:195-203. [PMID: 31868703 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch between classroom furniture and the students' anthropometry have been identified as a major cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among students. Such discomforts can affect students' performance. OBJECTIVE This paper is aimed at investigating the prevalence of MSDs and the effect of furniture intervention among students of tertiary institutions in Northwest Nigeria. METHODS The Cornell's MSD questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in twelve body regions of students aged between 16 and 25 years. Eleven students' anthropometric dimensions were also measured and used to compute the ergonomically compliant furniture dimensions for the participants. A new set of furniture was introduced, and the questionnaire was used to investigate if the intervention made was significant or not. The academic performance of some of the students before and after the intervention was analyzed using the t-test statistical technique. RESULT None of the furniture in use was suitable for the majority of the students. MSDs prevalence ranges from 14% to 67.3% among the body regions with the students reporting that low back pain is the most prevalent (67.3%), severe (19.4%) and interfering with their studies (15.8%). The intervention also reduced MSDs in all body regions except at the upper arm and the right side of the forearm. Only sitting, knee, and popliteal heights were significantly associated with MSD occurrence. There was also a significant improvement in the students' academic performance after the intervention (t = -3.239, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The limited success of the intervention is an indication of the need to carry out a more holistic intervention that incorporates other inputs such as continuous enlightenment and classroom facility design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola James Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Isa Lasisi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Paul Ojile
- Department of Architecture, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Muyideen Abdulkadir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee Y, Yun MH. Evaluation of the guidelines and children's ability to select the anthropometrically recommendable height of school furniture: A case study of Korean primary school children. Work 2019; 64:427-438. [PMID: 31683496 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of school furniture with a height that is anthropometrically mismatched can lead children into taking awkward postures while sitting. In Korea, desks and chairs for primary schools have seven different height levels, and these levels are regulated by the national standard KSG-2010. These levels serve to accommodate children of all heights, but the choice problem remains because of the many alternatives. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the anthropometric feasibility of the currently used guidelines for the selection of height level for Korean primary school furniture. In addition, we examine children's ability to select anthropometrically recommendable desk and seat heights. METHODS In study 1, anthropometric data from 2005 Korean children were acquired and a mismatch analysis was performed under the assumption that children were paired with the height level recommended by the guidelines. In study 2, we conducted a desk and seat height selection experiment that included 36 children. RESULTS The results of study 1 revealed that about three quarters of children could be matched by following the guidelines. The results of study 2 showed that a quarter of children selected matchable desk and seat heights by themselves. We developed new guidelines using classification algorithms based on the employed data in study 1, and it was confirmed that the new guidelines could significantly increase the degree of match. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that the currently used guidelines need to be revised and that children had difficulty in selecting the appropriate height of school furniture by themselves. The new guidelines suggested in this study are expected to contribute to the correct usage by Korean primary school children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushin Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Yun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Assiri A, Mahfouz AA, Awadalla NJ, Abolyazid AY, Shalaby M, Abogamal A, Alsabaani A, Riaz F. Classroom Furniture Mismatch and Back Pain Among Adolescent School-Children in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081395. [PMID: 31003399 PMCID: PMC6518290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the potential classroom furniture mismatch with students’ anthropometric measurements and back pain related to sitting for extended periods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on all twelve male and female intermediate and secondary schools located in Abha city. Anthropometric and classroom furniture measurements were assessed, and the mismatch was determined using standardized methods. Students were also screened for back pain related to long sitting at school. Results: A total number of 879 students was selected. The study revealed seat height mismatch in both intermediate, and secondary school of 84.3%, and 75.6%, respectively. Seat depth mismatch was 74.0% in intermediate schools and reached 84.5% in secondary schools. The desk height was improper for 94.1%, and 82.3% of students in intermediate, and secondary schools, respectively. The levels of mismatch differ significantly by grade level and gender. A prevalence of 10.8% of back pain related to long sitting at school was found. In multivariable logistic regression, males, intermediate school children, and the presence of buttock-popliteal length/seat depth mismatch were significantly associated with pain. On the other hand, practicing exercise was a significant protective factor. Conclusions: There is a prevalent mismatch between students’ dimensions and existing schools’ furniture. School furniture providers should take in consideration the average Saudi students’ dimensions, while designing school furniture especially for males, and at intermediate schools, or provide schools with adjustable seats and desks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Assiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Nabil J Awadalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Y Abolyazid
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Shalaby
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abogamal
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Riaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|