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Bell S, Nasr A, McPhee J. General Muscle Torque Generator Model for a Two Degree-of-Freedom Shoulder Joint. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:081008. [PMID: 38470378 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Muscle torque generators (MTGs) have been developed as an alternative to muscle-force models, reducing the muscle-force model complexity to a single torque at the joint. Current MTGs can only be applied to single Degree-of-freedom (DoF) joints, leading to complications in modeling joints with multiple-DoFs such as the shoulder. This study aimed to develop an MTG model that accounts for the coupling between 2-DoF at the shoulder joint: shoulder plane of elevation (horizontal abduction/adduction) and shoulder elevation (flexion/extension). Three different 2-DoF MTG equations were developed to model the coupling between these two movements. Net joint torques at the shoulder were determined for 20 participants (10 females and 10 males) in isometric, isokinetic, and passive tests. Curve and surface polynomial fitting were used to find the best general fit for the experimental data in terms of the different degrees of coupling. The models were validated against experimental isokinetic torque data. It was determined that implicit coupling that used interpolation between single-DoF MTGs resulted in the lowest root-mean-square percent error of 8.5%. The work demonstrated that general MTG models can predict torque results that are dependent on multiple-DoFs of the shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Bell
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- University of Waterloo
| | - Ali Nasr
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John McPhee
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Xia T, Torkinejad-Ziarati P, Kudernatsch S, Peterson DR. The effects of exoskeleton use on human response to simulated overhead tasks with vibration. ERGONOMICS 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38963600 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2372003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of occupational exoskeletons has grown fast in manufacturing industries in recent years. One major scenario of exoskeleton use in manufacturing is to assist overhead, power hand tool operations. This preliminary work aimed to determine the effects of arm-supporting exoskeletons on shoulder muscle activity and human-hand tool coupling in simulated overhead tasks with axially applied vibration. An electromagnetic shaker capable of producing the random vibration spectrum specified in ISO 10819 was hung overhead to deliver vibrations. Two passive, arm-supporting exoskeletons, with one (ExoVest) transferring load to both the shoulder and pelvic region while the second one (ExoStrap) transferring load primarily to the pelvic region, were used in testing. Testing was also done with the shaker placed in front of the body to better understand the posture and exoskeleton engagement effects. The results collected from 6 healthy male subjects demonstrate the dominating effects of the overhead working posture on increased shoulder muscle activities. Vibration led to higher muscle activities in both agonist and antagonist shoulder muscles to a less extent. Exoskeleton use reduced the anterior deltoid and serratus anterior activities by 27% to 43%. However, wearing the ExoStrap increased the upper trapezius activities by 23% to 38% in the overhead posture. Furthermore, an increased human-shaker handle coupling was observed in the OH posture when wearing the ExoVest, indicating a more demanding neuromuscular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Parisa Torkinejad-Ziarati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Simon Kudernatsch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Donald R Peterson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Ak E, Ayik Ö, Berköz Ö, Kozanoğlu E, Akalin BE, Bayram S, Şahinkaya T, Emekli U. Evaluation of Shoulder Muscle Improvement in Patients Following Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Pedicle Flap Transfer. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2023; 31:254-260. [PMID: 37654530 PMCID: PMC10467437 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211048521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, shoulder muscle strength, and donor site morbidity following the free latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle pedicle flap transfer. Materials: Patients with free LD muscle pedicle flap reconstructions and with asymptomatic shoulders (affected and contralateral side) were included. The follow-up duration was 12 months. The combined shoulder range of motion (ROM), Constant-Murley shoulder (CMS), and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH) scores were measured preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The ratio of the isokinetic muscle strength and total work was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex 350®) both preoperatively and at sixth month postoperatively. Results: Twenty patients with a mean age of 37.06 ± 9.74 years and a mean body mass index of 23.49 ± 8.6 kg/m2 were included. The difference in shoulder ROM and CMS and increase in QuickDASH were not significant at the first postoperative year. The peak torque and total work performed decreased by 13%-16% for the adductor and extensor functions at the six month postoperatively, and these differences were significant. Although the adductor peak torque was significantly lower in the postoperative test of the operated side, no significant difference was found between the operated and unaffected shoulder peak torque values. Moreover, no significant difference was noted between the operated and unaffected shoulders in all isokinetic tests pre- and postoperatively. Conclusion: The free LD muscle pedicle flap harvest did not decrease function and ROM at the first postoperative year. The muscle strength and total work of shoulders after the LD muscle transfer returned to the preoperative condition at the sixth month, except adductor and extensor muscle strengths. However, adductor and extensor muscle strengths of the operated shoulders were not significantly different postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Ak
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ayik
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Berköz
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Kozanoğlu
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Edim Akalin
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Bayram
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Türker Şahinkaya
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Emekli
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bulbrook BD, La Delfa NJ, McDonald AC, Liang C, Callaghan JP, Dickerson CR. Higher body mass index and body fat percentage correlate to lower joint and functional strength in working age adults. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103453. [PMID: 33975206 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity grows worldwide, it becomes an increasing concern in working populations. Ergonomists are faced with the challenge of accommodating workplace layouts to include this worker demographic. This study investigated the relationship between shoulder and low back isometric joint strengths across body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, relationships between body fat percentage (BF%), absolute strength, and strength normalized to body mass were examined. Ninety, healthy, working age participants performed 11 functional and isometric joint strength exertions. BMI group influenced normalized strength, as the obese 2+ (BMI >35.0) group had up to 63.1% lower joint strength than all other BMI groups (p < 0.05). Significant strong to moderate negative linear relationships existed between BF% and normalized strength for both males and females, and relationships were stronger for females. These strength deficits highlight the importance of considering body composition during ergonomics analyses and configuration of occupational tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Liang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada
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Fifolato TM, Nardim HCB, do Carmo Lopes ER, Suzuki KAK, da Silva NC, de Souza Serenza F, Fonseca MCR. Association between muscle strength, upper extremity fatigue resistance, work ability and upper extremity dysfunction in a sample of workers at a tertiary hospital. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:508. [PMID: 34074292 PMCID: PMC8170978 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders negatively affect ability to perform activities of daily living, self-care and work. Therefore, outcome measurements that address muscle strength, fatigue resistance, functionality and work physical capacity must be defined to assess and plan specific actions to minimize them. Objective To investigate the association of upper extremity muscle strength with upper extremity fatigue resistance, work ability and upper extremity dysfunction in a sample of workers from a tertiary hospital. Methods Shoulder and elbow isokinetic strength were assessed by Biodex System 4™, isometric hand grip by JAMAR™, upper extremity fatigue resistance by Functional Impairment Test Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA), ability to work by the Work Ability Index and upper extremity dysfunction by the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand QuickDASH-Br questionnaire. The Nordic questionnaire and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used for pain description. The associations were analysed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho) (p < 0.05). Results Twenty-seven participants: 59.2% women; mean age 46 years old; 70.3% obese/overweight; 62.9% active with predominantly dynamic muscle contraction work. Besides predominance of good to moderate work ability (81.4%) and comorbidities (37%), all participants had symptoms of the upper extremities for at least 12 months, with a predominance of low-intensity in the shoulder (55.5%). In addition, 88.8% reported pain in other segments. Muscle strength of abduction (rho = 0.49), adduction (rho = 0.40), internal rotation (rho = 0.44) and hand grip (rho = 0.68) presented moderate correlation with FIT-HaNSA. Hand grip (rho = − 0.52) showed moderate correlation with upper extremity dysfunction. Conclusions The results of this preliminary study suggested the association of shoulder strength with fatigue resistance. Also, hand grip strength was associated with upper extremity dysfunction and fatigue resistance. No association was found with the Work Ability Index in this sample. So, it is suggested that hand grip and shoulder strength could be outcome measurements used for future interventions focused on upper extremity preventive exercises to improve strength and fatigue resistance of workers at risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Other individual, psychosocial and organizational risk factors must also be considered as influences on upper extremity function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Marques Fifolato
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Correa Bueno Nardim
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Rodrigues do Carmo Lopes
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen A Kawano Suzuki
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Claro da Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Souza Serenza
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa C Registro Fonseca
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Age Differences in Motor Recruitment Patterns of the Shoulder in Dynamic and Isometric Contractions. A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030525. [PMID: 33540507 PMCID: PMC7867168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging processes in the musculoskeletal system lead to functional impairments that restrict participation. Purpose: To assess differences in the force and motor recruitment patterns of shoulder muscles between age groups to understand functional disorders. A cross-sectional study comparing 30 adults (20–64) and 30 older adults (>65). Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the middle deltoid, upper and lower trapezius, infraspinatus, and serratus anterior muscles was recorded. Maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) was determined at 45° glenohumeral abduction. For the sEMG signal registration, concentric and eccentric contraction with and without 1 kg and isometric contraction were requested. Participants abducted the arm from 0° up to an abduction angle of 135° for concentric and eccentric contraction, and from 0° to 45°, and remained there at 80% of the MIVC level while isometrically pushing against a handheld dynamometer. Differences in sEMG amplitudes (root mean square, RMS) of all contractions, but also onset latencies during concentric contraction of each muscle between age groups, were analyzed. Statistical differences in strength (Adults > Older adults; 0.05) existed between groups. No significant differences in RMS values of dynamic contractions were detected, except for the serratus anterior, but there were for isometric contractions of all muscles analyzed (Adults > Older adults; 0.05). The recruitment order varied between age groups, showing a general tendency towards delayed onset times in older adults, except for the upper trapezius muscle. Age differences in muscle recruitment patterns were found, which underscores the importance of developing musculoskeletal data to prevent and guide geriatric shoulder pathologies.
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