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Kandemir N, Vuralli D, Ozon A, Gonc N, Ardicli D, Jalilova L, Gulcek ON, Alikasifoglu A. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: A 50-year, single-center experience. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13562. [PMID: 38664892 PMCID: PMC11045915 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global variations in epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) exist. This study is designed to examine demographic and clinical features of T1DM over the past 3 decades as well as evolving trends in epidemiology over last 50 years. METHODS Clinical characteristics of 925 patients with T1DM over last 30 years (1990-2019) were evaluated and compared to previously published data of 477 patients diagnosed between 1969 and 1990 from one of the major referral centers for diabetes in Turkey. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis decreased from 9.5 ± 4.0 to 7.1 ± 3.6 years within the past 50 years (p < .001). Age at diagnosis peaked at 12-14 years between 1969 and 1990, then fell to 10-11.9 years between 1990 and 1999, and to 4-5.9 years between 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 (p = .005). Although the percentage of patients diagnosed <6 years of age is gradually increasing, the percentage between the ages of 6 and 11.9 years is decreasing, and the percentage diagnosed ≥12 years remained stable. A total of 47.5% of patients had ketoacidosis, 38.2% had ketosis, and 14.3% had only hyperglycemia. 23% of patients had severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), whereas 42% had moderate. Over last 3 decades, there has been no change in frequency of ketoacidosis at presentation, but there has been significant decline in severity (p = .865, and p < .001, respectively). Although the frequency of patients with mild DKA increased over time, frequency of patients with moderate DKA decreased; however, no significant difference was observed among patients with severe ketoacidosis. DKA was more frequent and severe in patients <6 years of age (p = .005, and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Age at diagnosis shifted to younger ages in T1DM in the past 50 years. Half of patients had ketoacidosis at diagnosis and frequency of presentation with DKA did not decrease, but severity decreased slightly. Increase in prevalence of T1DM in the younger age group and the fact that half of patients present with DKA indicate that awareness should be increased in terms of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgun Kandemir
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Dogus Vuralli
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Alev Ozon
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Nazlı Gonc
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnkaraTurkey
| | - Didem Ardicli
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAnkaraTurkey
| | - Lala Jalilova
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAnkaraTurkey
| | - Omer Nazim Gulcek
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ayfer Alikasifoglu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric EndocrinologyAnkaraTurkey
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Kanai K, Kitamura Y, Zha L, Tanaka K, Ikeda M, Sobue T. Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City, Japan: A population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241245926. [PMID: 38616515 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241245926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hikikomori is commonly defined as a social condition in which individuals avoid social participation and relationships beyond their family members by confining themselves to a room or their house for 6 months or longer. Hikikomori has been predominantly considered a problem among young people; however, as the population is ageing, hikikomori has also emerged as a social issue among adults. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have examined the differences in the factors associated with hikikomori among teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Thus, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly examined, and it remains unclear whether the risk factors vary between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. Based on the Japan Cabinet Office's definition of hikikomori, this cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and related factors of hikikomori among the working age population (15-64 years), utilising univariate and multivariate analyses. The study also compared differences in the prevalence of and factors related to hikikomori between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. METHODS We distributed self-administered questionnaires to individual participants and their families between 24 December 2020 and 18 January 2021. RESULTS Data from an anonymised sample of 3,092 individuals (split into two groups of 15-39 and 40-64 years) were subjected to analysis. The results revealed a hikikomori prevalence of 2.3% in the target population; the prevalence rate was 2.12% among individuals aged 15 to 39 years and 2.42% among those aged 40 to 64 years. The analysis demonstrated strong correlations between hikikomori and several factors, including unemployment, truancy, a history of psychiatric consultation or hospitalisation, being male and the absence of ibasho, which is defined as a place where individuals can feel peace, security, acceptance and belonging. The factors associated with hikikomori differed between teenagers/young adults and middle-aged/older adults. CONCLUSION Our findings, thus, contribute to existing research by providing a comparative analysis of risk factors across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kanai
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Osaka University Health and Counseling Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Osaka Mental Health Center, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Mohammadnia A, Cui QL, Weng C, Yaqubi M, Fernandes MGF, Hall JA, Dudley R, Srour M, Kennedy TE, Stratton JA, Antel JP. Age-dependent effects of metformin on human oligodendrocyte lineage cell ensheathment capacity. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae109. [PMID: 38601917 PMCID: PMC11005772 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin restores the myelination potential of aged rat A2B5+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and may enhance recovery in children with post-radiation brain injury. Human late progenitor cells (O4+A2B5+) have a superior capacity to ensheath nanofibres compared to mature oligodendrocytes, with cells from paediatric sources exceeding adults. In this study, we assessed the effects of metformin on ensheathment capacity of human adult and paediatric progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes and related differences to transcriptional changes. A2B5+ progenitors and mature cells, derived from surgical tissues by immune-magnetic separation, were assessed for ensheathment capacity in nanofibre plates over 2 weeks. Metformin (10 µM every other day) was added to selected cultures. RNA was extracted from treated and control cultures after 2 days. For all ages, ensheathment by progenitors exceeded mature oligodendrocytes. Metformin enhanced ensheathment by adult donor cells but reduced ensheathment by paediatric cells. Metformin marginally increased cell death in paediatric progenitors. Metformin-induced changes in gene expression are distinct for each cell type. Adult progenitors showed up-regulation of pathways involved in the process of outgrowth and promoting lipid biosynthesis. Paediatric progenitors showed a relatively greater proportion of down- versus up-regulated pathways, these involved cell morphology, development and synaptic transmission. Metformin-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation in all cell types; AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor BML-275 reduced functional metformin effects only with adult cells. Our results indicate age and differentiation stage-related differences in human oligodendroglia lineage cells in response to metformin. Clinical trials for demyelinating conditions will indicate how these differences translate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulshakour Mohammadnia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chao Weng
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Milton G F Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
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Petrova EV, Mikulyak NI, Sorokina LA, Sorokin IA. [Trends in the incidence of mental and behavioral disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Penza Oblast]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:129-134. [PMID: 38465821 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124021129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An analysis of the trend of overall and primary incidence of mental and behavioral disorders, including those caused by the use of psychoactive substances, in different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in Penza Oblast. MATERIAL AND METHODS The data were obtained from statistical report №12 for Penza Oblast. These included the overall and primary incidence of mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), as well as substance use-related MBD (MBDSUR), as calculated per 100.000 people for the period 2015 to 2022. The period 2015 to 2019 was the reference period and 2020 to 2022 was the pandemic period. The calculation was carried out by age groups: children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-17 years), adults (over 18 years), adults over working age (from 55 years for women and from 60 years for men). Statistical processing of the results included regression analysis, calculation of incidence forecast for 2023-2025, and assessment of the significance of the changes using the t-criterion. RESULTS The decrease in the overall incidence of MBD in adults was highly deterministic (R2=0.82; p=0.012) and significant between 2017-2018 (p=0.009), 2018-2019 (p=0.001) and 2019-2020 (p=0.004). High determination with a logarithmic trend line was characteristic of almost all models, except for the primary incidence of MBD in children and overall incidence of MBDSUR in adults over working age, including after 2020. Among adolescents, the overall incidence of MBDSUR decreased significantly from 2015 to 2022 (p=0.042). CONCLUSION There was no significant increase in the incidence of MBD, including MBDURS, during the pandemic. At the same time, there was a trend towards the decrease in adults, as well as the increase in the primary incidence of MBD in children and the overall incidence of MBDSUR in adults over working age, which determines the need for further identification of risk factors and development of specific rehabilitation measures for patients in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Petrova
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
| | - N I Mikulyak
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
| | - L A Sorokina
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
- Evgrafov Regional Psychiatric Hospital, Penza, Russia
| | - I A Sorokin
- Penza State University Medical Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Penza, Russia
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Markham SC, McNab J, O'Loughlin K, Clemson L. International responses addressing the under-representation of older people in clinical research. Australas J Ageing 2023; 42:762-768. [PMID: 37724905 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Older people (aged 65 years +) are under-represented in clinical research across many disease areas. Such exclusions limit the generalisability of trial results and can lead to a gap in critical knowledge regarding the efficacy and safety of interventions in older age groups. International bodies and regulators have addressed this issue to varying degrees. The USA's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has produced regular non-binding guidance about the inclusion of older trial participants, while the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) binding regulations mean that those seeking research funding must include participants of all ages unless there are scientific or ethical reasons to exclude them. European regulations governing clinical trials of new medications require that participants represent the population groups that are likely to use the product being tested, while Britain highlights the need to improve trial participation of under-served groups, which include older people. Australian clinical trial guidelines point to the potential problem of excluding some groups from research but do not specifically address older participants. While current international approaches may provide some improvements in trial representation, additional strategies are required to promote clinical research that better reflects populations seen in clinical practice. Australia could benefit from clinical trial guidance that highlights the specific issue of the under-representation of older participants and outlines strategies to facilitate greater inclusion. This article provides an overview and critique of the current approaches to the inclusion of older people in clinical research and highlights policy gaps and limitations of current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Markham
- ARC-Funded Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin McNab
- Discipline of Behavioural and Social Sciences in Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate O'Loughlin
- ARC-Funded Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- ARC-Funded Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR), Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Janostiakova N, Gnip A, Kodada D, Saade R, Blandova G, Mikova E, Tibenska E, Repiska V, Minarik G. SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Slovak Republic from March 2020 to September 2022 - summary of the pandemic trends. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1225596. [PMID: 38020161 PMCID: PMC10658709 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been part of Slovakia since March 2020. Intensive laboratory testing ended in October 2022, when the number of tests dropped significantly, but the state of the pandemic continues to this day. For the management of COVID-19, it is important to find an indicator that can predict pandemic changes in the community. The average daily/weekly Ct value with a certain time delay can predict changes in the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be a useful indicator for the healthcare system. The study analyzed the results of 1,420,572 RT-qPCR tests provided by one accredited laboratory during the ongoing pandemic in Slovakia from March 2020 to September 2022. The total positivity of the analyzed tests was 24.64%. The average Ct values found were the highest in the age group of 3-5 years, equal to the number 30.75; the lowest were in the age group >65 years, equal to the number 27. The average weekly Ct values ranged from 22.33 (pandemic wave week) to 30.12 (summer week). We have summarized the results of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Slovakia with the scope defined by the rate and positivity of tests carried out at Medirex a.s. laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Janostiakova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Dominik Kodada
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rami Saade
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Blandova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Elena Tibenska
- Medirex, a.s., Pezinok, Slovakia
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kocot E. Unmet Health Care Needs of the Older Population in European Countries Based on Indicators Available in the Eurostat Database. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2692. [PMID: 37830729 PMCID: PMC10572618 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to healthcare may affect the health of the population, especially older people. The aim of this study is to analyze the reasons and factors influencing the unmet healthcare needs (UHCN) of the older population in the context of differences between age groups for 28 European countries. A self-reported UHCN indicator obtained from Eurostat database was used. The share of people with healthcare needs reporting distance/transportation issues was significantly different in the younger and older groups, as well as in age groups within the older population. The differences in other reasons were not so considerable. Problems with UHCN were observed more often in the older population with lower rather than with higher income and with more severe activity limitations rather than with none/moderate limitations (differences statistically significant, except for income for 75+). In most countries, the UHCN dependence on income/activity limitation is higher in the age group of 15-64 than for the older population. To plan/introduce/monitor appropriate, tailored actions for improving healthcare access for the older population, a detailed analysis of the UHCN prevalence, reasons, and determinants in this age group is needed; it is insufficient to analyze only the population as a whole. Additionally, the group of older people is not homogeneous in terms of UHCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kocot
- Health Economics and Social Security Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
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Zapata ME, Rovirosa A, Carmuega E. Description of energy intake by degree of food processing. National Survey on Nutrition and Health of 2018-2019. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2023; 121:e202202861. [PMID: 36857126 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2022-02861.eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Worldwide, children and adolescents lead the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The objective of this study was to describe the energy intake by the degree of food processing by age group in the urban population over 2 years of age in Argentina. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2nd National Survey on Nutrition and Health of 2018-2019 conducted using a multistage probability sample from urban areas of Argentina. Data were collected from a 24-hour recall and were analized, for each age group, the daily energy intake from 1) unprocessed or minimally processed foods; 2) processed culinary ingredients; 3) processed foods; and 4) ultra-processed foods. A descriptive, statistical analysis was performed. Results. In 15 444 individuals older than 2 years, minimally processed foods accounted for 34.5% of daily energy; ultra-processed foods, 26.0%; processed foods, 23.0%; and culinary ingredients, 16.6%. The percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods is higher in children and adolescents than in adults (p < 0.01), while the trend is the opposite from processed foods and culinary ingredients (p < 0.01). Cookies, pastries, sweetened beverage and confectionery accounted for two-thirds of the energy contributed by ultra-processed foods. Conclusion. Children and adolescents in urban areas in Argentina showed the highest energy intake from ultra-processed. Food policies should consider the characteristics of each age group to promote a healthier diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Zapata
- Child Nutrition Study Center Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell (Centro de Estudios sobre Nutrición Infantil Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell), City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Rovirosa
- Child Nutrition Study Center Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell (Centro de Estudios sobre Nutrición Infantil Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell), City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Carmuega
- Child Nutrition Study Center Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell (Centro de Estudios sobre Nutrición Infantil Dr. Alejandro O'Donnell), City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rahemi Z, Malatyali A, Wiese LAK, Dye CJ. End-of-Life Care Planning in Diverse Individuals Across Age Groups: A Proposed Conceptual Model of Nursing. J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:319-326. [PMID: 36947814 PMCID: PMC10442095 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-of-life planning helps nurses meet the needs of their patients at a crucial time of life. PURPOSE This article presents a conceptual model of end-of-life care planning for nurses, especially those in palliative and hospice care, focusing on holistic nursing views. METHODS Based on a literature review, we developed a new conceptual model illustrating the concepts and dimensions of end-of-life care planning among diverse individuals across countries, life spans and age groups, ethnographies, and residential statuses. RESULTS This conceptual model includes 3 concepts: personal factors, stakeholders, and environmental and social factors. Each concept encompasses multiple dimensions. The concepts are interrelated and directly related to end-of-life care planning. CONCLUSION This work addresses the need for a comprehensive end-of-life care planning model and can help enhance the quality of end-of-life care. This article identifies implications for nursing education, practice, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahemi
- Clemson University School of Nursing, Greenville, South Carolina (Dr Rahemi); University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando (Dr Malatyali); Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton (Dr Wiese); and Department of Psychology, Professor Emerita, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Dr Dye)
| | - Ayse Malatyali
- Clemson University School of Nursing, Greenville, South Carolina (Dr Rahemi); University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando (Dr Malatyali); Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton (Dr Wiese); and Department of Psychology, Professor Emerita, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Dr Dye)
| | - Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese
- Clemson University School of Nursing, Greenville, South Carolina (Dr Rahemi); University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando (Dr Malatyali); Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton (Dr Wiese); and Department of Psychology, Professor Emerita, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Dr Dye)
| | - Cheryl J. Dye
- Clemson University School of Nursing, Greenville, South Carolina (Dr Rahemi); University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando (Dr Malatyali); Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton (Dr Wiese); and Department of Psychology, Professor Emerita, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Dr Dye)
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Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, La Malva P, Cannito L, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. Public opinion in vaccine allocation priority: who comes first? Psychol Health 2023; 38:1194-1214. [PMID: 34822253 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2007914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated people's preferences in COVID-19 vaccine allocation priority, comparing different social categories based on age and occupation. Vaccine allocation preferences were related to perceived health vulnerability and economic backlash (economic negative consequences) endured by the different social groups during the pandemic. In-group favoritism in vaccine allocation preferences was analyzed. DESIGN Data were collected through an online survey in Italy (n = 506) before the start of the vaccination campaign. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vaccine allocation preferences, health vulnerability, and economic backlash due to COVID-19, measured through ranking tasks. RESULTS The healthcare workers category was placed at the top of the ranking in vaccine allocation priority by 65% of the respondents. Vaccine allocation priority was related to perceived health vulnerability and not economic difficulties. Limited self-preference effects emerged. People who did not consider healthcare workers a priority (1/5 of the sample) had a lower education level, were more worried about COVID-19 infection risk, and did not trust vaccines. CONCLUSIONS A consensus emerged on who should be vaccinated first. Governments and policymakers should be aware of these preferences when designing and communicating vaccine allocation plans to predict and foster the public's acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination programs created by experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Loreta Cannito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Palumbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Benedek Z, Dublecz K, Koltay IA, Fitos G, Várhelyi VK, Magyar M, Pirkó B, Baranyai NH. Representative Survey for Evaluating Housing and Manure Handling Technologies of the Hungarian Pig Sector. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2658. [PMID: 37627449 PMCID: PMC10451208 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In Hungary, there is a lack of information on the pig production technologies in place in the base year of 2005 and changes since then, as well as a lack of information on the number of pigs kept in different age and production categories, which makes it difficult to calculate ammonia emissions and reductions in the national inventories. Our research team conducted a representative survey of pig farms to assess housing and manure management technologies in the Hungarian pig sector in 2005 and 2015. Novel expert-based calculation methods were developed to convert farm data on pig populations into daily average numbers (DAN) of animals in different statistical categories and feeding phases. The survey resulted in a representative database of housing, manure handling, storage and manure application practices in Hungarian pig production. The data and methodology from the survey helped to develop an ammonia emission calculator and knowledge transfer tool (AGEM-S) for use by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Benedek
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
| | - Ilona Anna Koltay
- Association of Hungarian Pig Breeders and Keepers, 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary; (I.A.K.); (G.F.)
| | - Gábor Fitos
- Association of Hungarian Pig Breeders and Keepers, 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary; (I.A.K.); (G.F.)
| | | | - Marianna Magyar
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences, Department of Soil Chemistry and Material Turnover, 1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Béla Pirkó
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences, Department of Soil Chemistry and Material Turnover, 1022 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai
- Renewable Energy Research Group, University Center for Circular Economy, University of Pannonia Nagykanizsa, 8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
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Brunori D, Frajese GV, Sarno E. Retrospective Analyses of COVID-19 and Population Ageing Effects on Italian Mortality during the Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6481. [PMID: 37569021 PMCID: PMC10418737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 led to an extremely high number of deaths in Italy in 2020 with respect to previous years. Because the total number of deaths may depend on both the population structure and the mortality rate by age groups, a detailed overview of the Italian pandemic situation is here provided by following two main lines of inquiry: (i) checking for similarities and differences among mortality rates per age groups before and during the COVID-19 spread; (ii) analyzing the responsiveness of the Italian population structure to different mortality rates. Real-based evidence led us to conduct analyses for two groups associated with different population stages of life, referred to as younghood and adulthood periods. We focus on the Italian pandemic from February 2020 to March 2021. Our study helps to understand why elders dramatically impacted the total number of deaths. In addition, it reveals how badly the 2020 Italian population structure would have reacted to mortality rates already faced in the past. Finally, politicians, scientists, and journalists' statements and other ways of communicating information about COVID-19 are questioned in the light of scientific data available at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Brunori
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vanni Frajese
- Department of Sports Science, Human and Health, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emma Sarno
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Naples L’Orientale, Largo San Giovanni Maggiore 30, 80134 Naples, Italy;
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Festa F, Medori S, Macrì M. Move Your Body, Boost Your Brain: The Positive Impact of Physical Activity on Cognition across All Age Groups. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37371860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While the physical improvements from exercise have been well documented over the years, the impact of physical activity on mental health has recently become an object of interest. Physical exercise improves cognition, particularly attention, memory, and executive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be fully understood. Consequently, we conducted a narrative literature review concerning the association between acute and chronic physical activity and cognition to provide an overview of exercise-induced benefits during the lifetime of a person. Most previous papers mainly reported exercise-related greater expression of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors. Recently, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques allowed for the detection of increased grey matter volumes for specific brain regions and substantial modifications in the default mode, frontoparietal, and dorsal attention networks following exercise. Here, we highlighted that physical activity induced significant changes in functional brain activation and cognitive performance in every age group and could counteract psychological disorders and neural decline. No particular age group gained better benefits from exercise, and a specific exercise type could generate better cognitive improvements for a selected target subject. Further research should develop appropriate intervention programs concerning age and comorbidity to achieve the most significant cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Festa
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Medori
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Macrì
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Burton S, Newell KM, Exell T, Williams GKR, Irwin G. The evolving high bar longswing in elite gymnasts of three age groups. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1008-1017. [PMID: 37724819 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronological age classifies elite male gymnasts into developmental performance classifications: senior (18+ years), junior (14-18 years) and development (8-14 years). Here, we examine the influence of age and experience on the biomechanics of the high bar longswing across classifications. Joint angular kinematics and kinetics were obtained from 30 gymnasts performing three sets each of eight consecutive longswings. Differences between groups and relations between age, experience and key biomechanical variables were correlated. Kinetic variables and range of motion of the hip and knee were highest for development gymnasts. In all age groups, a dominant shoulder kinetic contribution was found, although circle location of the peak joint kinetics occurred earliest for junior gymnasts. Hip work contributed more prominently in development gymnasts. Age and experience were positively correlated to an increase in peak shoulder moments and powers and negatively correlated to peak hip and knee moments. The findings reveal that age and experience combine to influence the functional phase, joint kinematics and relative joint kinetic contribution, particularly with the senior group demonstrating a shoulder dominant technique. Changes in musculoskeletal loading across the age groups suggest that factors such as relative strength and practice may have influenced this joint mode transition of the longswing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Burton
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Timothy Exell
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Gareth Irwin
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Zeladita-Huaman JA, Huyhua-Gutierrez SC, Castillo-Parra H, Zegarra-Chapoñan R, Tejada-Muñoz S, Díaz-Manchay RJ. Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e3851. [PMID: 37194890 PMCID: PMC10202226 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6386.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. METHOD analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. RESULTS among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress; time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions; the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. CONCLUSION technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Castillo-Parra
- Universidad de San Buenaventura, Facultad de Psicología, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Roberto Zegarra-Chapoñan
- Universidad María Auxiliadora, Escuela Profesional de Enfermería, Lima, Lima, Perú
- Ministerio de Salud, Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, Lima, Lima, Perú
| | - Sonia Tejada-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Amazonas, Amazonas, Perú
| | - Rosa Jeuna Díaz-Manchay
- Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Facultad de Medicina, Lambayeque, Lambayeque, Perú
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16
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Hu J, Liang Y, Wen G, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang H, Qin X. Vitamin D status among residents of Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, North China. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:413-420. [PMID: 37062548 PMCID: PMC10153618 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.4.20220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To retrospectively analyze the vitamin D (VD) status of residents in northeastern Inner Mongolia and its relationship with the average monthly sunshine hours. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[s-25(OH)D] samples from 4982 outpatients (2092 males) in Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China from July 2018 to January 2022 were included in this study. RESULTS The overall median s-25(OH)D was 53.3 nmol/L, VD deficiency (<30 nmol/L), deficiency (30-50 nmol/L), sufficient (>50-250 nmol/L) and excess (>250 nmol/L) were 16% (796/4982), 30% (1495/4982), 53.4% (2658/4982) and 0.7% (33/4982). There were statistically significant differences in median s-25(OH)D by month, age-groups and gender (p<0.001). Low VD status (LVDS, including VD deficiency and insufficiency) in females was 54.6% and males was 33.9%, and the LVDS composition differed significantly by age-group and month (p<0.05). The changing trend of the median s-25(OH)D level was similar to the monthly average sunshine hours, with a slight lag. CONCLUSION Nearly half of residents live in LVDS. LVDS is affected by month, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Hu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yunmei Liang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Guiping Wen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Dezhong Chen
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yuanjing Liu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and from Department of Laboratory Medicine (Hu, Qin), Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang; from the Department of Pediatrics (Liang), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing; from the Department of Pediatrics (Wen, Chen, Liu, Zhang), Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner People’s Hospital, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
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den Uil CA, Termorshuizen F, Rietdijk WJR, Sablerolles RSG, van der Kuy HPM, Haas LEM, van der Voort PHJ, de Lange DW, Pickkers P, de Keizer NF. Age Moderates the Effect of Obesity on Mortality Risk in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Cohort Study. Crit Care Med 2023; 51:484-491. [PMID: 36762902 PMCID: PMC10012838 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A high body mass index (BMI) is associated with an unfavorable disease course in COVID-19, but not among those who require admission to the ICU. This has not been examined across different age groups. We examined whether age modifies the association between BMI and mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients. DESIGN An observational cohort study. SETTING A nationwide registry analysis of critically ill patients with COVID-19 registered in the National Intensive Care Evaluation registry. PATIENTS We included 15,701 critically ill patients with COVID-19 (10,768 males [68.6%] with median [interquartile range] age 64 yr [55-71 yr]), of whom 1,402 (8.9%) patients were less than 45 years. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the total sample and after adjustment for age, gender, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV, mechanical ventilation, and use of vasoactive drugs, we found that a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 does not affect hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR adj ] = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90-1.06; p = 0.62). For patients less than 45 years old, but not for those greater than or equal to 45 years old, a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 was associated with a lower hospital mortality (OR adj = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A higher BMI may be favorably associated with a lower mortality among those less than 45 years old. This is in line with the so-called "obesity paradox" that was established for other groups of critically ill patients in broad age ranges. Further research is needed to understand this favorable association in young critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corstiaan A den Uil
- Department of Intensive Care, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Termorshuizen
- National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos S G Sablerolles
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo P M van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenneke E M Haas
- Department of Intensive Care, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Department of Intensive Care, Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette F de Keizer
- National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Humbert M, Olofsson A, Wullimann D, Niessl J, Hodcroft EB, Cai C, Gao Y, Sohlberg E, Dyrdak R, Mikaeloff F, Neogi U, Albert J, Malmberg KJ, Lund-Johansen F, Aleman S, Björkhem-Bergman L, Jenmalm MC, Ljunggren HG, Buggert M, Karlsson AC. Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4(+) T cells established in early childhood decline with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220320120. [PMID: 36917669 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220320120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells have been identified in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, potentially modulating COVID-19 and vaccination outcomes. Here, we provide evidence that functional cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is established in early childhood, mirroring early seroconversion with seasonal human coronavirus OC43. Humoral and cellular immune responses against OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed children (paired samples at age two and six) and adults (age 26 to 83). Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cell responses targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane were closely linked to the frequency of OC43-specific memory CD4+ T cells in childhood. The functional quality of the cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike, but not nucleocapsid, paralleled OC43-specific T cell responses. OC43-specific antibodies were prevalent already at age two. However, they did not increase further with age, contrasting with the antibody magnitudes against HKU1 (β-coronavirus), 229E and NL63 (α-coronaviruses), rhinovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus, which increased after age two. The quality of the memory CD4+ T cell responses peaked at age six and subsequently declined with age, with diminished expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CD38 in late adulthood. Age-dependent qualitative differences in the pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses may reflect the ability of the host to control coronavirus infections and respond to vaccination.
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Osório F, Barros AS, Peleteiro B, Amendoeira I, Fougo JL. Quality Indicators Compliance and Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer according to Age in a Certified Center. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36900236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age as a breast cancer (BC) prognostic factor remains debatable. Several studies have investigated clinicopathological features at different ages, but few make an age group direct comparison. The European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists quality indicators (EUSOMA-QIs) allow a standardized quality assurance of BC diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Our objective was to compare clinicopathological features, compliance to EUSOMA-QIs and BC outcomes in three age groups (≤45 years, 46-69 years, and ≥70 years). Data from 1580 patients with staged 0-IV BC from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. The minimum standard and desirable target on 19 mandatory and 7 recommended QIs were studied. The 5-year relapse rate, overall survival (OS), and BC-specific survival (BCSS) were also evaluated. No meaningful differences in TNM staging and molecular subtyping classification between age groups were found. On the contrary, disparities in QIs compliance were observed: 73.1% in ≤45 years and 46-69 years women vs. 54% in older patients. No differences in loco-regional or distant progression were observed between age groups. Nevertheless, lower OS was found in older patients due to concurrent non-oncological causes. After survival curves adjustment, we underscored evidence of undertreatment impacting BCSS in ≥70 years women. Despite a unique exception-more invasive G3 tumors in younger patients-no age-specific differences in BC biology impacting outcome were found. Although increased noncompliance in older women, no outcome correlation was observed with QIs noncompliance in any age group. Clinicopathological features and differences in multimodal treatment (not the chronological age) are predictors of lower BCSS.
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20
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Oh HS, Seo HJ. Association between WHO First-Step Analgesic Use and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women of Working Age. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:323. [PMID: 37259467 PMCID: PMC9961524 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the association between breast cancer and analgesic use in women of a specific working-age group. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database (KNHIS-NSC) data were analyzed. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for patients' cancer risk based on whether the women participated in economic activity (PEA or not PEA (NPEA) groups) and analgesic use. Additionally, breast cancer incidence variations by age group, and PEA or NPEAs, health behavior, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and analgesic use were evaluated. The PEA group had a higher cancer risk than the NPEA group (HR = 1.542, 95% CI: 1.345-1.768, p < 0.001). Breast cancer risk was high in the PEA, high income, and no history of exercise groups, but significantly reduced in the regular-use-of-analgesics group. Notably, the working age group of 40~49 years, within the PEA group, had the highest HR of breast cancer development (HR = 1.700, 95% CI = 1.361-2.124, p < 0.001); whereas regular analgesic use in those aged 25~39 years decreased breast cancer risk (HR = 0.611, 95% CI = 0.427-0.875, p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that individuals at a high-risk of comorbidity may benefit from regular use of analgesics, which may prove to be a useful strategy for breast cancer prevention in the Young-aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Oh
- Department of Applied Statistics, School of Social Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeinggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Seo
- Medical Informatics and Health Technology (MiT), Department of Health Care Management, College of Social Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeinggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Mäkelä P, Härkönen J, Lintonen T. Drinking in the home: What does it entail for younger and older Finns? Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36751018 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies about drinking in homes are scarce despite the growing importance of the phenomenon. We examined how often different age groups in Finland drink-overall or to intoxication-in their own homes without company beyond the family and in their own or other people's homes with other company, compared to other settings, and on what days and hours of the week this occurs. METHODS A general population survey carried out in 2016 with event-level data (n = 7124 occasions by 1955 respondents). Key measurements included location, drinking company, amount of alcohol drunk and time of the week. RESULTS Drinking occasions in which alcohol was drunk at home without visitors made up 74% of all occasions and 73% of all intoxication occasions among people aged 60-79 years and 25% and 5% among 15- to 29-year-olds, respectively. The share of 'with company' occasions in somebody's home varied less by age. Occasions with pre/post drinking in homes and drinking occasions lasting until late at night were seen most often among 15- to 29-year-olds. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The important aspects of home drinking vary greatly by age group and depending on what risk or type of consequence is considered. For older people and for chronic harm, the key aspect is drinking at home without company beyond the family. The more important aspect for younger people and acute harm is pre- and post-drinking in homes before or after going to bars or nightclubs, which results in long evenings with large amounts of alcohol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Mäkelä
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Härkönen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Lintonen
- The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
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DeYoreo M, Rutter CM, Lee SD. Use of 2-Stage Modeling to Identify How Colorectal Cancer Risk Changes With Period and Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:230-236. [PMID: 36222654 PMCID: PMC10308506 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have decreased among adults aged 50 years or older while increasing in adults under age 50 years. Understanding these trends is challenging because of the multiple related time scales of age, diagnosis period, and birth cohort. We analyzed incidence rates of rectal, distal colon, and proximal colon cancer for individuals aged 20 years or more from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for diagnosis years 1978-2017. We used a 2-stage generalized linear model to determine age, period, and cohort effects for CRC incidence. We first estimated birth cohort effects among people under age 45 years. We used these results to specify prior distributions for cohort effects in a Bayesian model to estimate period effects among people aged 45 years or more. There was no evidence of period effects for people under age 45 years. Risks of rectal and distal colon cancer increased for later birth cohorts. Compared with the 1943-1952 birth cohort, the 1983-1992 birth cohort had 2.2 times the risk of rectal cancer, 1.9 times the risk of distal colon cancer, and 1.3 times the risk of proximal colon cancer. For people aged ≥45 years, period effects showed declines in CRC risk that were attributable to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria DeYoreo
- Correspondence to Dr. Maria DeYoreo, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401 (e-mail: )
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Zhao W, Cao X, Li J, Xie Z, Sun Y, Peng Y. Novel Weighting Method for Evaluating Forest Soil Fertility Index: A Structural Equation Model. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:410. [PMID: 36679123 PMCID: PMC9867313 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding nutrient quantity and quality in forest soils is important for sustainable management of forest resources and maintaining forest ecosystem services. In this study, six soil nutrient indicators, including soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) were measured in five different aged stands of Chinese fir forests in subtropical China. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed based on these soil nutrients indicators in order to better evaluate the soil fertility index (SFI) in these studied forests. The results show that soil nutrient contents changed with the soil depth in different age groups. The SOM decreased in a specific order: over mature > mature > near mature > middle > young stands. The TN content of the soil gradually decreased with increased soil depth throughout all age groups. The SEM indicated that the TN had the highest weight of 0.4154, while the TP had the lowest weight at 0.1991 for estimating the SFI. The weights of other indicators (AN, SOM, AP, and AK) ranged 0.2138−0.3855 in our study. The established SEM satisfied the fitness reference values and was able to accurately describe the forest soil nutrient status through the SFI. The overall SFI values were significantly higher in over mature stands than in young-aged stands and in topsoil than in deeper soil in all examined forests. Soil TN, AP, and AK were the most important nutrient indicators to the evaluation of the SFI in the study sites. The results confirmed that the SEM was suitable to estimate the weights of the SFI and better describe the soil nutrient status in forests. Our research provides an innovative approach to assess a soil nutrient status and soil fertility and provides a scientific basis for accurate implementation of soil nutrient assessment in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Zhao
- Faculty of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Faculty of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Resources Management and Monitoring in Southern Area, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Faculty of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Resources Management and Monitoring in Southern Area, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhengchang Xie
- Faculty of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Faculty of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- College of Arts and Sciences, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL 60446, USA
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Schmitz T, Lakes T, Manafa G, Lambio C, Butler J, Roth A, Savaskan N. Exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level in an intra-urban setting. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1128452. [PMID: 37124802 PMCID: PMC10133460 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a worldwide threat to health. Since its onset in 2019, the pandemic has proceeded in different phases, which have been shaped by a complex set of influencing factors, including public health and social measures, the emergence of new virus variants, and seasonality. Understanding the development of COVID-19 incidence and its spatiotemporal patterns at a neighborhood level is crucial for local health authorities to identify high-risk areas and develop tailored mitigation strategies. However, analyses at the neighborhood level are scarce and mostly limited to specific phases of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the development of COVID-19 incidence and spatiotemporal patterns of incidence at a neighborhood scale in an intra-urban setting over several pandemic phases (March 2020-December 2021). We used reported COVID-19 case data from the health department of the district Berlin-Neukölln, Germany, additional socio-demographic data, and text documents and materials on implemented public health and social measures. We examined incidence over time in the context of the measures and other influencing factors, with a particular focus on age groups. We used incidence maps and spatial scan statistics to reveal changing spatiotemporal patterns. Our results show that several factors may have influenced the development of COVID-19 incidence. In particular, the far-reaching measures for contact reduction showed a substantial impact on incidence in Neukölln. We observed several age group-specific effects: school closures had an effect on incidence in the younger population (< 18 years), whereas the start of the vaccination campaign had an impact primarily on incidence among the elderly (> 65 years). The spatial analysis revealed that high-risk areas were heterogeneously distributed across the district. The location of high-risk areas also changed across the pandemic phases. In this study, existing intra-urban studies were supplemented by our investigation of the course of the pandemic and the underlying processes at a small scale over a long period of time. Our findings provide new insights for public health authorities, community planners, and policymakers about the spatiotemporal development of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level. These insights are crucial for guiding decision-makers in implementing mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillman Schmitz
- Applied Geoinformation Science, Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tillman Schmitz,
| | - Tobia Lakes
- Applied Geoinformation Science, Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgianna Manafa
- Applied Geoinformation Science, Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambio
- Applied Geoinformation Science, Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Butler
- Applied Geoinformation Science, Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Roth
- Department of Public Health Neukölln, District Office Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolai Savaskan
- Department of Public Health Neukölln, District Office Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
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Fehrmann E, Ebenbichler G, Tüchler K, Habenicht R, Mair P, Fischer-Grote L, Hasenbring M, Kienbacher T. Do the WHO-ICF personal factors "age" and "sex" impact limited activity and restricted participation category profiles differently between younger and older women and men in multimodal chronic back pain rehabilitation? Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:41-50. [PMID: 35040736 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2023665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if the International Classification of Functioning and Health (ICF) context factors "age" and "sex" would impact the disablement and respective improvement with rehabilitation defined with the ICF core set for chronic low back pain (cLBP). Furthermore, associations between limitations/restrictions and measures of body function or quality of life were of interest. MATERIALS AND METHODS One thousand five hundred and twelve employed cLBP patients who completed 6 months of outpatient rehabilitation and for whom complete assessments were available before and after rehabilitation. Rehabilitation comprised of progressive resistance training, psychological counseling, and educational sessions. Main outcome measures were the ICF-activity/participation core categories automatically predicted from random forests and utilizing information from the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Pain Disability Index. RESULTS Generalized linear-mixed models revealed that upon completion of rehabilitation the presence of a limitation within the ICF activity "walking" significantly decreased with significant between-group differences. The category "doing housework" demonstrated gender-specific differences, and both gender- and age-specific differences were observed for work-related participation categories. There were no meaningful associations between ICF limitation/restriction categories and body function measures (point-biserial/Spearman's correlations). CONCLUSIONS The personal factors "age" and "sex" impact some ICF limitation/restriction categories in cLBP; appropriately addressing these personal features could further improve phase III rehabilitation outcome.Implications for rehabilitationConsistent with calls to explore the age and sex/gender influence on health and disease, little is known how these factors affect the disablement of individuals with chronic back pain.The factors "age" and "sex" drive differences in some categories within the ICF activity/restriction categories.If age- and gender-specific features in activities and participation are not appropriately addressed through interventions, rehabilitation outcome may remain suboptimal in cLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fehrmann
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Krems, Austria
| | - Gerold Ebenbichler
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Tüchler
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Habenicht
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda Fischer-Grote
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Hasenbring
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kienbacher
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Outpatient Rehabilitation Research, Vienna, Austria
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Schäfer D. Are Old Men Impotent? On a Sparse Discourse of Early Modern Medicine and Its Forensic Implications in Paolo Zacchia's Quaestiones medico-legales. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16513. [PMID: 36554393 PMCID: PMC9779390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In early modern medical literature, there are increasing references to sterility and impotence in older men. This is especially true of the Quaestiones medico-legales by the Roman physician Paolo Zacchia (1584-1659). In several books of this systematically structured manual, its author discusses medical and legal arguments on the one hand. On the other hand, in the 10th, only posthumously published volume, a total of five cases of impotence in old men are described on the basis of court decisions of the Rota Romana and expert opinions of the author. The paper examines these cases with regard to central statements on male impotence in old age, which are placed in the medical as well as the social and legal-historical context of the time. It becomes clear that old-age impotence and sterility were less a medical than a legal problem in the 17th century. However, the physician Zacchia emphasises the concept of biological age instead of historically transmitted numerical age limits. In this respect, his expert opinions already show the first signs of medical empiricism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schäfer
- Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 20, Geb. 42, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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Plümecke T, Mikosch H, Mohrenberg S, Supik L, Bartram I, Ellebrecht N, zur Nieden A, Schnieder L, Schönberger H, Schulze-Marmeling C, Gutzeit A. Differences in mortality in Switzerland by citizenship during the first and second COVID-19 waves: Analysis of death statistics. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992122. [PMID: 36466481 PMCID: PMC9716092 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that members of marginalized populations and immigrants were also at risk of being hospitalized and dying more frequently from COVID-19. To examine how the pandemic affected underserved and marginalized populations, we analyzed data on changes in the number of deaths among people with and without Swiss citizenship during the first and second SARS-CoV-2 waves. Method We analyzed the annual number of deaths from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office from 2015 to 2020, and weekly data from January 2020 to May 2021 on deaths of permanent residents with and without Swiss citizenship, and we differentiated the data through subdivision into age groups. Results People without Swiss citizenship show a higher increase in the number of deaths in 2020 than those who were Swiss citizens. The increase in deaths compared to the previous year was almost twice as high for people without Swiss citizenship (21.8%) as for those with it (11.4%). The breakdown by age group indicates that among people between the ages of 64 and 75, those without Swiss citizenship exhibited an increase in mortality (21.6%) that was four times higher than that for people with Swiss citizenship (4.7%). Conclusion This study confirms that a highly specialized health care system, as is found in Switzerland, does not sufficiently guarantee that all parts of the population will be equally protected in a health crisis such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Plümecke
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Tino Plümecke
| | - Heiner Mikosch
- KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Linda Supik
- Otto Suhr Institute of Political Science, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bartram
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ellebrecht
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea zur Nieden
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schnieder
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Schönberger
- Independent Research Group SoSciBio, Institute of Sociology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Gutzeit
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Ibrahim MIA, Williams JH, Botha CJ. Immunohistochemical Changes in the Testicular Excurrent Duct System of Healthy, Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Observed at 4, 6-7, 12, and 52 Weeks of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunolocalization of the cytoskeletal and the extracellular matrix proteins was investigated in the testicular excurrent duct system of healthy Japanese quail at 4, 6−7, 12 and 52 weeks of age. TdT dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess apoptotic cell formation. The epithelia of the testicular excurrent duct system in birds of all age groups displayed various immunolabeling intensities and localization of cytokeratin 5 and beta-tubulin, while α-SMA was observed in epithelia only of 4-week-old birds. In all age groups, vimentin immunostaining was observed in the rete testes and efferent ductular epithelia, but not in the epididymal duct unit. The periductal smooth muscle cells of the excurrent duct system displayed variably intense immunopositivity with cytokeratin 5, desmin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and beta-tubulin. Furthermore, beta-tubulin and vimentin immunolabeled endothelial cells and fibroblasts with various intensities, while fibronectin immunostained extracellular matrices surrounding these cells. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were observed in the rete testes and efferent ductular epithelia, with increased frequency (p < 0.001) in 52-week-old birds. The study serves as a baseline normal for this region in healthy birds at 4, 6−7, 12, and 52 weeks of age, for comparison in future similar immunohistochemical studies involving environmental toxins affecting this region.
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Furuto-Kato S, Araki A, Chiba Y, Nakamura M, Shintani M, Kuwahara T, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Tagami T. Relationship between the Thyroid Function and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly in Japan. Intern Med 2022; 61:3029-3036. [PMID: 35314549 PMCID: PMC9646354 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9034-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The reference ranges of serum thyroid hormone levels are determined by the values of normal subjects aged 15 or 20 to 60 years old in Japan and may differ from the values in elderly patients. In addition, the relationship between the thyroid function and cognitive function remains controversial. We assessed the thyroid function of elderly subjects ≥60 years old and its impact on the cognitive function in Japanese adults. Methods We compared the thyroid function by age group and gender and investigated the effects of cognitive impairment on the thyroid function. This study was a cross-sectional, multi-institutional joint study. Patients The serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in 1,136 patients were measured; however, those taking thyroid hormones, anti-thyroid drugs, and steroid hormones were excluded. Among them, 1,016 cases in which the cognitive function was evaluated were divided into five groups according to their free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Results Excluding overt thyroid dysfunction (5.8%), the average age of the 1,070 remaining patients was 77.5 years old. The rate of cognitive impairment was lowest at FT4 levels of 1.1-1.2 ng/dL and highest at FT4 levels <0.9 ng/dL for both genders. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the elderly varied widely by age group and gender. The upper limit of the reference range of TSH for those ≥60 years old may be higher (7.7-9.2 mIU/L for men; 8.2-8.6 mIU/L for women) than the current range for those <60 years old (4.23 mIU/L). Conclusion The thyroid function seemed to be slightly higher (lower TSH and higher FT4) in the population without cognitive impairment than in those with cognitive impairment, except for men in their 90s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Furuto-Kato
- Department of Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrinology, Osaka Saiseikai Ibaraki Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuko Chiba
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Japan
| | - Michizou Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Shintani
- Department of Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrinology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwahara
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka Saiseikai Ibaraki Hospital, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tagami
- Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
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Salam AA. Self-health assessments in Saudi Arabia: Directions for an integrated primary healthcare. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:4919-4931. [PMID: 36505635 PMCID: PMC9731039 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2242_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public health data for dissemination and discussion in Saudi Arabia, for the purposes of primary healthcare, are limited but the new initiatives of General Authority of Statistics creates many national surveys. One of the most recent one, the Family/Household Health Survey - 2017 aims to fill the gaps, at the same time, aids in discussions on primary healthcare. Objectives Analyses done in this research are aimed at appraising the self-assessed health and to examine age-sex and geographic differentials and their probable interconnections with chronic diseases, injuries, and periodic examinations. Data and Methods This survey conducted in October-December, 2017 covered both native and foreigner households from all the 13 administrative areas through a random sample procedure involving primary sampling units and secondary sampling units. A portion of the published data on self-assessment of health, chronic diseases, injuries, and periodic medical examinations were analyzed. Results More than half of the persons in the Kingdom, reportedly, are in good health; more so among females than males: proportions decreased with increasing age up to 40 years, thereafter increased sharply. Moreover, the major regions have lesser proportion of people with good health. Prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, in both total and native population, but with variations across specific diseases - hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and with geographic differentials. On the other hand, there are injuries (from traffic accidents and others) occurred at house, work/school, public place, and other places; pertinent with geographic variations. Moreover, age, sex, and regional differences in periodic health examinations have a contributing effect on health assessments. Moreover, the median age shows a pattern resembling adults assessing good health; chronic diseases after 50s; injuries before 40s; periodic medical examinations in 50s; with females at a lower age, in both groups of population. Conclusions The national health system played an important role not only in health status and health assessments but also in building confidence and trust and thereby enhancing optimism, realism, recognition, self-awareness, and acceptance of physical condition. Thus, age, sex, and regional variations in health assessment are born out of chronic diseases, injuries, and periodic medical examinations and also of expectations and experiences. Generation of such information, effective dissemination, and regular discussions at various levels followed by in-depth analyses raise the primary healthcare and thus the population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asharaf Abdul Salam
- King Saud University Center for Population Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Asharaf Abdul Salam, King Saud University Center for Population Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Lee G, Han K, Lee SS. Different effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on prostate cancer by age group. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3198-3207. [PMID: 35968325 PMCID: PMC9360215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports that metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the incidence of several cancers, with different effects according to age group. We hypothesized that MetS has an age-specific effect on the occurrence of prostate cancer. We studied a National Health Insurance Service health checkup cohort. A total of 5,370,614 men in the cohort were categorized into three age groups in 2009 (20-39, 40-64, ≥65). Prostate cancer incidence was estimated on a cumulative basis from 2009 to 2018. We tried to identify the correlation of MetS components and prostate cancer by age group using this large retrospective cohort. MetS components included the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, smoking, drinking, serum glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used for the incidence of prostate cancer according to the MetS component. In the young age (20-39) group, the MetS component was not related to prostate cancer. In the middle-aged (40-64) group, the presence of MetS, WC, HDL cholesterol, and hypertension was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of prostate cancer. In the old age (≥65) group, the presence of MetS, WC, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension were significant factors for the incidence of prostate cancer. This tendency was marked in BMI>30 in the old age group (odds ratio: 1.32; P<0.0001). MetS components were age-specifically associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer. Because the MetS components were related to prostate cancer from middle age to old age, preventing MetS for these age groups is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gukjin Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil UniversitySeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, Republic of Korea
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Sanz-Barbero B, Briones-Vozmediano E, Otero-García L, Fernández-García C, Vives-Cases C. Spanish Intimate Partner Violence Survivors Help-Seeking Strategies Across the Life Span. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP8651-NP8669. [PMID: 33289463 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520976213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors may vary according to women's age. In this study, we analyze the effect of age on help-seeking behavior and the associated factors among women exposed to IPV in Spain. Using the Spanish Macrosurvey on Gender Violence of 2014, we analyzed the frequency of help-seeking behavior (police report, formal resources, and informal networks of support) in women who were exposed to lifetime physical/sexual or fear-based IPV (n = 1,567 women). We used Poisson regression models to obtain variables associated with support resources. The analysis was carried out in three age groups: young women (16-29 years old), adults (30-49 years old), and older women (50 years and over). Our results show that informal support networks are the most used resource by all women´s age groups. The probability of filing a police complaint increases among women exposured to physical IPV (PRadult : 1.58;
PRelder : 2.17 ). The probability of using formal resources decreased among older women with low family socioeconomic status (PR: 0.80) and in adult women exposed to sexual IPV (PR: 0.78), and increased among young women and adult Spanish women (PRyoung: 1.65; PRadult: 1.34). The use of informal support networks increased among adult women with physical and mental health effects (PR: 1.22). In older women use of informal support networks was associated with the type of IPV (PRphysical: 1.14; PRsexual: 0.88). The presence of minors who witnessed IPV increased help-seeking behavior among adult and older women.In conclusion, the knowledge of the differences in help-seeking strategies by women in different age groups could contribute to designing strategies to promote women's ability to seek formal help when exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica Briones-Vozmediano
- University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Research Group of Health Care Research (GRECS), Institution of Biomedical Research (IRB) of Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-García
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
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Choi H, Shin S, Hong SJ, Seo SU, Rhyu MG. High Level of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Population Is a Predictor for Peak Incidence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891646. [PMID: 35711766 PMCID: PMC9195141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
South Korea adopted stringent preventive measures against Coronavirus virus disease 2019, resulting in three small and one large outbreaks until January 15, 2022. The fatality rate was 2.5-fold higher during peak transmission periods than in base periods. As new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously emerging, the need for understanding their epidemic potential remains necessary. In South Korea, the epidemiologic data obtained from mass diagnostic testing enabled investigation of the true number of infected cases, exact incidence, and fatality numbers. Analysis found a similarity between estimated infection rates and confirmed cases. This suggested that the number of confirmed cases had an influence on the fatality rate as a quantitative parameter. The fatality rate decreased even as infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants rose. In comparative analysis, the confirmed cases in young people (ages 20-29) increased prior to every outbreak peak and marked the tipping point in infection spread. These results indicate that a high level of SARS-CoV-2 infection in young population drives peak incidence and mortality across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Vieira MA, Handegård BH, Rønning JA, Duarte CS, Mari JJ, Bordin IA. Do adolescents exposed to peer aggression at school consider themselves to be victims of bullying? The influence of sex and age. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2022; 44:e20210219. [PMID: 33787194 PMCID: PMC9907386 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to peer aggression (PA) and bullying victimization (BV) are both expressions of peer victimization. OBJECTIVES In four age-sex groups, (1) Can exposure to PA and BV be considered distinct experiences? (2) To what extent do adolescents exposed to PA consider themselves bullying victims? and (3) What is the effect on BV of the number of PA events experienced? METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated a probabilistic community-based sample of 669 adolescents (11-15 years, 51.7% girls). A three-stage probabilistic sampling plan involved random selection of census units, eligible households, and one target child per household selected. A 15-item scale investigated exposure to PA events (physical aggression, verbal harassment, social manipulation) occurring more than once in the past six months. BV occurring more than once a week or most days in the past six months was investigated after presenting respondents with a BV definition that required them to feel harmed by their victimization experiences. RESULTS Adolescents exposed to PA and/or BV reported PA only (76.2%), BV only (4.7%), and both (19.1%). Rates of BV among those exposed to PA were as follows: 11-to-12-year-old boys (22.7%), 13-to-15-year-old boys (9.7%), 11-to-12-year-old girls (46.5%), and 13-to-15-year-old girls (13.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis (outcome = BV) found a significant interaction between PA, age, and sex. PA events had a significant effect on BV for all except older girls. CONCLUSION Exposure to PA and BV are different constructs; few older boys exposed to PA consider themselves bullying victims; and older girls are less affected by PA when it comes to BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene A. Vieira
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
,
São Paulo
,
SP
,
Brazil
.
| | - Bjørn H. Handegård
- University of TromsøTromsøNorway
University of Tromsø
,
Tromsø
,
Norway
.
| | - John A. Rønning
- University of TromsøTromsøNorway
University of Tromsø
,
Tromsø
,
Norway
.
| | - Cristine S. Duarte
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
New York State Psychiatric Institute
,
Columbia University
,
New York
,
NY
,
USA
.
| | - Jair J. Mari
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
,
São Paulo
,
SP
,
Brazil
.
| | - Isabel A. Bordin
- Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
,
São Paulo
,
SP
,
Brazil
.
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35
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Covantes-Rosales CE, Barajas-Carrillo VW, Girón-Pérez DA, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Díaz-Reséndiz KJG, Navidad-Murrieta MS, Ventura-Ramón GH, Pulido-Muñoz ME, Mercado-Salgado U, Ojeda-Durán AJ, Argüero-Fonseca A, Girón-Pérez MI. Comparative Analysis of Age, Sex, and Viral Load in Outpatients during the Four Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in A Mexican Medium-Sized City. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:5719. [PMID: 35565114 PMCID: PMC9104031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Governments have implemented measures to minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread. However, these measures were relaxed, and the appearance of new variants has prompted periods of high contagion known as waves. In Mexico, four waves distributed between July and August 2020, January and February 2021, August and September 2021, and January and February 2022 have appeared. Current health policies discourage mass sampling, preferring to focus on the corrective treatment of severe cases. Outpatients are only advised to undergo brief voluntary confinement and symptomatic treatment, with no follow-up. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze sex, age, and viral load in outpatients during the four waves in a medium-sized city in Mexico. For each wave, the date of peak contagion was identified, and data were collected within ±15 days. In this regard, data from 916 patients (434 men and 482 women) were analyzed. The age range of positive patients (37-45 years) presented a higher frequency during the first and third waves, while 28-36 years was the most frequent age range during the second and fourth waves, while the viral load values were significantly higher, for both sexes, during the fourth wave. Obtained data of COVID-19 prevalence in population segments can be used for decision-making in the design of effective public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Reséndiz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Guadalupe Herminia Ventura-Ramón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Mirtha Elena Pulido-Muñoz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Ulises Mercado-Salgado
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Ansonny Jhovanny Ojeda-Durán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
| | - Aimée Argüero-Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Psicofisiología y Conducta, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación Para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (C.E.C.-R.); (V.W.B.-C.); (D.A.G.-P.); (G.A.T.-I.); (K.J.G.D.-R.); (M.S.N.-M.); (G.H.V.-R.); (M.E.P.-M.); (U.M.-S.); (A.J.O.-D.)
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Jasso-Ramirez NG, Elizondo-Omaña RE, Treviño-Gonzalez JL, Quiroga-Garza A, Garza-Rico IA, Aguilar-Morales K, Elizondo-Riojas G, Guzmán-Lopez S. Morphometric variants of the paranasal sinuses in a Mexican population: expected changes according to age and gender. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022; 82:339-345. [PMID: 35380013 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are developmental variations in the paranasal sinuses. Our objective is to determine their dimensions and volume stratified by age and sex and define the expected growth pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, observational study was performed including computed tomography (CT) of patients between 1 and 20 years of age. The volumes of the frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses were obtained. RESULTS A total of 210 CT were included with a mean age of 10±6.1 years, 106(50.5%) were female. Groups were categorized in ranges of 5 years. Spearman correlation coefficients between the right and left sides were 0.843, 0.711, 0.916 for the frontal, sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. Post-hoc for the categorical age groups demonstrated statistically significant differences with values of p < 0.01, except between age groups 11-15 against ≥ 16 years of age (p = 0.8). Gender-related differences were evident with a higher air volume in girls in the 5-10-year-old group, while boys predominated in the rest of the groups. CONCLUSIONS CT is ideal for pre-surgical sinus assessment. The maximum volume of paranasal sinuses is reached at age 15. There is a clear volumetric difference between age and gender groups. There is a direct relationship between a volume and its contralateral counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Jasso-Ramirez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - R E Elizondo-Omaña
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - J L Treviño-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,Intituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación de Nuevo León. General Sugery. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - A Quiroga-Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Human Anatomy Department, Avenida Madero, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
| | - I A Garza-Rico
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Radiology and Imaging Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - K Aguilar-Morales
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - G Elizondo-Riojas
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Radiology and Imaging Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - S Guzmán-Lopez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Sharma G, Hugar BS, Praveen S, P Yajaman GC, Kanchan T. Pattern of sudden cardiac deaths. Med Leg J 2022:258172211059928. [PMID: 35296186 DOI: 10.1177/00258172211059928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Sudden cardiac death can be defined as a sudden, unexpected death caused by loss of heart function. Notwithstanding major developments in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, it remains the major contributing factor for deaths. This considers the pattern of sudden cardiac deaths.Methodology: This prospective study was conducted on all cases subjected to medico-legal autopsy in the forensic medicine department at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 18 months. All sudden cardiac deaths satisfying the WHO criteria were included. Unknown cases and bodies in advanced stage of decomposition were excluded. RESULTS Sudden cardiac deaths accounted for 55% (82 cases) of 149 cases of sudden natural deaths and 6.5% of total autopsies conducted. The age group most commonly affected by sudden cardiac death ranged from 31 to 50 years. The majority of the cadavers had 90-95% degree of stenosis of left anterior descending artery, 70-80% of right coronary artery and 60-70% left circumflex artery. Coronary insufficiency was the major cause for sudden cardiac deaths with a total of 53 (64.63%) cases. CONCLUSION Sudden cardiac deaths accounted for 6.5% of all the autopsies conducted and males outnumbered females with M:F ratio of 10.7:1, with mean age of 44.5 ± 12.63 years. The largest number - 60.97% - were aged between 31 and 50 years. Coronary insufficiency accounted for 64.63% of sudden cardiac deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India
| | - Basappa S Hugar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Girish Chandra P Yajaman
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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38
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Bahnson TD, Giczewska A, Mark DB, Russo AM, Monahan KH, Al-Khalidi HR, Silverstein AP, Poole JE, Lee KL, Packer DL. Association Between Age and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the CABANA Trial. Circulation 2022; 145:796-804. [PMID: 34933570 PMCID: PMC9003625 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational data suggest that catheter ablation may be safe and effective to treat younger and older patients with atrial fibrillation. No large, randomized trial has examined this issue. This report describes outcomes according to age at entry in the CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation). METHODS Patients with atrial fibrillation ≥65 years of age, or <65 with ≥1 risk factor for stroke, were randomly assigned to catheter ablation versus drug therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, the composite of mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization, and recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Treatment effect estimates were adjusted for baseline covariables using proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Of 2204 patients randomly assigned in CABANA, 766 (34.8%) were <65 years of age, 1130 (51.3%) were 65 to 74 years of age, and 308 (14.0%) were ≥75 years of age. Catheter ablation was associated with a 43% reduction in the primary outcome for patients <65 years of age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.30-1.09]), a 21% reduction for 65 to 74 years of age (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.54-1.16]), and an indeterminate effect for age ≥75 years of age (aHR, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.75-2.58]). Four-year event rates for ablation versus drug therapy across age groups, respectively, were 3.2% versus 7.8%, 7.8% versus 9.6%, and 14.8% versus 9.0%. For every 10-year increase in age, the primary outcome aHR increased (ie, less favorable to ablation) an average of 27% (interaction P value=0.215). A similar pattern was seen with all-cause mortality: for every 10-year increase in age, the aHR increased an average of 46% (interaction P value=0.111). Atrial fibrillation recurrence rates were lower with ablation than with drug therapy across age subgroups (aHR 0.47, 0.58, and 0.49, respectively). Treatment-related complications were infrequent for both arms (<3%) regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS We found age-based variations in clinical outcomes for catheter ablation compared with drug therapy, with the largest relative and absolute benefits of catheter ablation in younger patients. No prognostic benefits for ablation were seen in the oldest patients. No differences were found by age in treatment-related complications or in the relative effectiveness of catheter ablation in preventing recurrent atrial arrhythmias. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT00911508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram D Bahnson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.).,Duke Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Duke Health System, Durham, NC (T.D.B.)
| | - Anna Giczewska
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.)
| | - Daniel B Mark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.)
| | - Andrea M Russo
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.).,Cooper University Health System, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Hussein R Al-Khalidi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.)
| | - Adam P Silverstein
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.)
| | - Jeanne E Poole
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (J.E.P.)
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (T.D.B., A.G., D.B.M., H.R.A.-K., A.P.S., K.L.L.)
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Ok J, Kang K, Kim H. Factors Affecting the Deterioration of the Physical Health Status of Taxi Drivers by Age Group. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35329115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rapidly aging population, taxi drivers are aging at a fast pace, and competition in the taxi industry is intensifying due to the emergence of various transportation platforms. A descriptive secondary data study was conducted (on a total of 936 subjects) to determine the factors affecting the deterioration of taxi drivers’ physical health status (PHS) according to their age group. The increased incidence of chronic diseases and cognitive decline among taxi drivers aged 55−64 years had the greatest influence on the deterioration of their PHS. Driver obesity was more likely to be related to deterioration of the PHS in the drivers aged 55−64 years (OR: 2.459, <0.001) and 35−54 years (OR: 2.133, <0.001). Among the financial factors, a driver’s income and their number of dependent family members were correlated with the deterioration of the PHS for drivers aged 55 years or over. Therefore, chronic diseases, obesity and cognitive decline were related with deterioration of the physical health status. This suggests that attention should be paid to healthcare policies not only for the elderly aged over 65 years but also those aged 50 to 64 years, i.e., middle-aged people at the beginning of the transition to old age.
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40
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de Melo Bacha FV, Gomez FLC, Silva ALG, Reis MD, Cabral EDL, de Carvalho LD. Vitamin D: a 14-year retrospective study at a clinical laboratory in Brazil. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022; 66:19-31. [PMID: 35029851 PMCID: PMC9991022 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess vitamin D (25OHD) levels in individuals who underwent an examination at a private laboratory (between latitudes 14° and 22° south) over 14 years, stratified by sex, age, and epidemiological profiles, and determine variations in the number of tests performed over the years. METHODS All records of 25OHD tests performed at a private clinical laboratory in Brazil were analyzed. This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients stratified by sex (female or male), age range (0-17, 18-40, 41-59, and ≥ 60 years), and year of testing. The final sample size was 193,725 patients. Categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies and numerical variables as means ± standard deviation. Comparisons between groups were performed using the equality of proportions test. RESULTS The number of tests performed steeply increased since 2010. More tests were performed in female individuals (73.3%) and individuals aged 41-59 years (32.2%). Most samples (68.0%) demonstrated sufficient vitamin D status. Women had a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency than men (33.1% and 26.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Individuals aged ≥ 60 years had the highest incidence of vitamin D deficiency (68.4%), while individuals aged 0-17 years had the lowest (32.2%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite increased testing and attention given to vitamin D in recent years, our study demonstrates high levels of deficiency in a country with geographical conditions favorable to its production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariana Didier Reis
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Eliane Dias Lustosa Cabral
- Centro de Desenvolvimento, Inovação, Ciência e Tecnologia/Labtest Diagnóstica S.A., Lagoa Santa, MG, Brasil
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Kovrizhnykh MV, Zapariy NS, Achkasov EE, Solovev VS, Samusenko AG. Disability caused by hip joint injuries among the adult population of Moscow in for the period of 2013-2019. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 2022; 29:e71-e81. [PMID: 35686898 DOI: 10.47750/jptcp.2022.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study found that the 2013-2019 period saw a decrease in the incidence of primary disability caused by hip joint injuries among the adult population of Moscow. The level of primary disability averaged 0.09 ± 0.03 per 10,000 adult population. In the structure of disability caused by injuries of the lower limbs, hip joint injuries accounted for 10.5% over the studied period. The age structure was dominated by disabled people above the working age with a tendency to decrease their share. In the nosological structure, people disabled as a result of femoral neck fractures (46.2%) and femur fractures (29.3%) prevailed. In the structure of people who were first recognized as disabled, disabled people of groups II and III prevailed (with a large proportion of disabled people of group III and a lower share of disabled people of group II). The proportion of people with disabilities in group I is the smallest, and it tends to decrease over the studied period. Among people above the working age, the disabled people of groups I and II prevailed while among people of the working age, the disabled people of groups II and III prevailed.The incidence of repeated disability of this contingent was also characterized by a downward trend. The level of repeated disability averaged 0.11 per 10,000 population. The share of people repeatedly recognized as disabled due to injuries of the lower limbs was 8.5%. The structure was dominated by people with disabilities caused by femoral neck and femur fractures. The period saw an increase in the proportion of disabled people of the working age. The disabled people of group III with a tendency to increase their share and the disabled people of group II with a tendency to decrease their share prevailed, and the number of disabled people of group I decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kovrizhnykh
- City Budgetary Healthcare Institution "City Polyclinic No. 68 of Moscow Health Department", Moscow, Russia;
| | - N S Zapariy
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise" of the Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E E Achkasov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution "I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Solovev
- Multi-Specialty Medical Center of the Bank of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Samusenko
- Federal State Institution «General Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of Moscow" of the Ministry of Labour of the Russian federation, Moscow, Russia
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Ahmadi J, Kahkeshpour F, Farahmand H, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Ghadimi K, Bazmandegan G, Kamiab Z. Evaluation of chest CT scan finding in the patients with acute respiratory symptoms following positive results of RT-PCR-COVID19. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2022; 14:48-54. [PMID: 35310865 PMCID: PMC8918605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a standard technique for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The parameters for the diagnosis of COVID-19 included the history of exposure to positive COVID-19 patients, clinical signs and symptoms related to the disease, inflammation factors in the blood test or positive antigen-antibody test, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. The current study evaluated the chest CT scan findings in patients with respiratory problems following positive RT-PCR of COVID 19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients referred to Ali Ibn-Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran, with respiratory symptoms between Dec-2019 to Dec-2020. Two radiologists reviewed the chest CT scans of these patients using the checklist that included parameters such as the types of involvement (consolidation/grand-glass/crazy paving, etc.) and the patterns of involvement (central/peripheral), and the pleural findings. RESULTS The CT scan was conducted in 107 patients with a typical condition and 11 patients with an atypical form of the disease. The frequency of the typical CT image of COVID-19 in the male group was significantly higher than that in the female group (P=0.004). The frequency of reverse halo sign, septal thickening, cardiomegaly, and crazy paving was significantly higher in males than in females (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between age groups based on the number of involved lobes (P=0.04). CONCLUSION Chest CT scan is an important diagnostic method for COVID 19 with high sensitivity. The parameters in the CT scan are beneficial for the diagnosis of COVID 19. In addition, some characters in CT scans in the male gender are more specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ahmadi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kahkeshpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
| | - Habib Farahmand
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
| | - Keyvan Ghadimi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Department of Community Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKerman 7718175911, Iran
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Bao H, Ma L, Zhao Y, Song B, Di J, Wang L, Gao Y, Ren W, Wang S, Wu J, Wang HJ. Age-specific effectiveness of primary human papillomavirus screening versus cytology in a cervical cancer screening program: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:191-204. [PMID: 35142100 PMCID: PMC8923126 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening is recommended for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the general population; however, the triage for HPV-positive women remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the age-specific effectiveness of primary HPV screening versus primary cytology screening for identifying optimal strategies for women of different ages. METHODS The dataset of the prevalence round screening was derived from the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in China. Primary cervical screening protocols included cytology only, HPV testing with cytology triage, and HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage. The primary outcomes were age-specific detection rate, colposcopy referral rate and positive predictive value (PPV) for CIN2+. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of HPV testing and cytology according to age groups. The I2 statistic with a random-effect model was used to test the heterogeneity in relative effectiveness of HPV testing versus cytology between age groups. RESULTS This study included 1,160,981 women. HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage significantly increased the CIN2+ detection by 36% (rate ratio [RR]: 1.36, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.21-1.54) for women aged 35-44 years and by 34% (RR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.20-1.51) for women aged 45-54 years compared with cytology only. HPV testing with cytology triage had similar CIN2+ detection rate compared with cytology only. The PPVs were substantially increased for both HPV testing groups. Among women aged 55-64 years old, HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage increased the colposcopy referral rate by 19% (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.29) compared with cytology only, but did not increase the CIN2+ detection (1.09, 0.91-1.30). The effectiveness of HPV testing with cytology triage did not change in older women. The between-age-group heterogeneity in the effectiveness was statistically significant for HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage versus cytology only. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the effectiveness of primary HPV screening with different triage strategies differed among age groups. HPV testing with HPV-16/18 genotyping plus cytology triage could be used for women aged 35-54 years to detect more lesions, and HPV testing with cytology triage could balance the CIN2+ detection and the number of colposcopies for women aged 55-64 years. Longitudinal data including both prevalence and incidence screening rounds are warranted to assess age-specific triage strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Gao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Ren
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jiuling Wu
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Al-Shoaibi AAA, Chiang C, Khalequzzaman M, Choudhury SR, Hirakawa Y, Islam SS, Aoyama A, Yatsuya H. Age and sex differences in factors associated with hypertension among an urban poor population in Bangladesh. Nagoya J Med Sci 2022; 84:69-79. [PMID: 35392002 PMCID: PMC8971041 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the differences in factors associated with hypertension between younger and older subjects in an urban slum community in Bangladesh. We analyzed the data of 1,008 men and 1,001 women obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted between October 2015 and April 2016. Multivariable logistic regression models were stratified by age (18 to 44 and 45 to 64 years) in men and women separately. The multivariable model included age (continuous) and the following categorical variables simultaneously: education duration, marital status, tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco use, total physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the blood levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) cholesterol. Hypertension was defined as the presence of either blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication. The prevalence of hypertension was 13.0% (younger men), 14.6% (younger women), 35.6% (older men), and 38.7% (older women). In younger men, higher waist circumference and increased LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated with hypertension. In older men, physical activity was the only significant factor that was inversely associated with hypertension. In younger women, higher BMI, increased HbA1c, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels were associated with hypertension. In older women, a higher HbA1c was the only factor significantly associated with hypertension. These findings suggest that public health interventions to prevent hypertension may require different approaches according to sex and age groups within the poor urban population in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chifa Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Md. Khalequzzaman
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Syed Shariful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
,Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Cavazzotto TG, de Lima Stavinski NG, Queiroga MR, da Silva MP, Cyrino ES, Serassuelo Junior H, Vieira ER. Age and Sex-Related Associations between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:502. [PMID: 35010761 PMCID: PMC8744982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Marital status mediates an association between physical activity (PA) and TV time with health outcomes. However, population-based studies have revealed that the health effect of marriage or divorce is age-dependent and differs between women and men. The study aimed to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals from 18 to 99 years, with a TV time > 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA > 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Later, we divided our sample in seven age groups by marital status and sex. Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants >30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, our study suggests that the investments in public policies to encourage the practice of PA and reduction of TV time could be based on the marital status, sex, and age, prioritizing less active groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natã Gomes de Lima Stavinski
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86039-440, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Queiroga
- Department of Physical Education, Midwestern Parana State University, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Pereira da Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, RIG, Brazil
| | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Helio Serassuelo Junior
- Department of Sports Science at the State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Edgar Ramos Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33179, USA
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Knight J, Ma H, Ghasemi A, Hamilton M, Brown K, Mishra S. Adaptive data-driven age and patch mixing in contact networks with recurrent mobility. MethodsX 2021; 9:101614. [PMID: 35004190 PMCID: PMC8719332 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease transmission models often stratify populations by age and geographic patches. Contact patterns between age groups and patches are key parameters in such models. Arenas et al. (2020) develop an approach to simulate contact patterns associated with recurrent mobility between patches, such as due to work, school, and other regular travel. Using their approach, mixing between patches is greater than mobility data alone would suggest, because individuals from patches A and B can form contacts if they meet in patch C. We build upon their approach to address three potential gaps that remain, outlined in the bullets below. We describe the steps required to implement our approach in detail, and present step-wise results of an example application to generate contact matrices for SARS-CoV-2 transmission modelling in Ontario, Canada. We also provide methods for deriving the mobility matrix based on GPS mobility data (appendix). • Our approach includes a distribution of contacts by age that is responsive to the underlying age distributions of the mixing populations. • Our approach maintains different age mixing patterns by contact type, such that changes to the numbers of different types of contacts are appropriately reflected in changes to overall age mixing patterns. • Our approach distinguishes between two mixing pools associated with each patch, with possible implications for the overall connectivity of the population: the home pool, in which contacts can only be formed with other individuals residing in the same patch, and the travel pool, in which contacts can be formed with some residents of, and any other visitors to the patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Knight
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Huiting Ma
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Communications Research Centre Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Brown
- Public Health Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
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Costa JC, Blumenberg C, Victora C. Growth patterns by sex and age among under-5 children from 87 low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-007152. [PMID: 34848439 PMCID: PMC8634205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although boys tend to be more affected by linear growth faltering than girls, little is known about sex differences across distinct age groups. We aimed to compare sex differences in linear growth throughout the first 5 years of life among children from low-income and middle-income countries. Methods We analysed 87 cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Cluster Indicator Surveys (2010–2019). Growth was expressed as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards. Sex-specific means were estimated for each country and results were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis for all children and by 12-month age groups. Using linear regression, we assessed the association between sex differences in HAZ and gross domestic product as a proxy for national economic development. Results Boys presented lower mean HAZ than girls in the first 30 months. Sex differences were mostly absent between 30 and 45 months, and in several countries, girls had lower HAZ at ages over 45 months. The pooled sex difference (boys minus girls) for the whole sample was −0.10 (95% CI −0.12 to −0.08). The difference was −0.17 (95% CI −0.20 to −0.14) at 0–11 months and −0.22 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.19) at 12–23 months. This was followed by a narrowing of the sex gap to −0.10 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.07) and −0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to −0.01) among children aged 24–35 and 36–47 months, respectively. At 48–59 months, there was evidence of female disadvantage; the mean height-for-age of boys was 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.05) SDs higher than for girls. Ecological analyses showed that in all age groups, male disadvantage decreased with increasing national income, and this was no longer present for the 4-year-old children, particularly in wealthier countries. Conclusion Male disadvantage in linear growth is most evident in the first years, but by the age of 4 years, the sex gap has mostly disappeared, and in some countries, the gap has been reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Calu Costa
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil .,Postraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Koşar MN, Görgülü Ö. Incidence and mortality results of intestinal obstruction in geriatric and adult patients: 10 years retrospective analysis. Turk J Surg 2021; 37:363-370. [PMID: 35677479 PMCID: PMC9130947 DOI: 10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives People with ileus is one of the patient groups with the highest admission rates to the emergency departments. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of age groups and etiological factors on mortality when evaluated together with gender. Material and Methods In our study, patients who were consulted from the Emergency Service to the General Surgery department with a pre-diagno- sis of abdominal pain between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively screened. Patients hospitalized for ileus were analyzed in terms of age (18-65 years and over 65 years), gender, operation, etiology, incidence, and mortality. Results Between 2009 and 2020, 534 (3.03%) of 17.601 patients who received emergency consultation from the general surgery clinic were diagnosed with ileus. While 253 (47.4%) of the patients were operated, 317 (59.4%) patients and 101 (18.9%) patients were diagnosed with brid and malignancy, respectively; and 21 (3.9%) patients died in the complete patient group (Table 1). While the incidence of brid was high in non-operated patients, in operated patients, malignancy and other pathologies was found to be higher (p <0.001) (Table 2). While, in patients 65 years and older, mortality was observed in 10.6% of women and 2.6% of men, it was determined that the mortality rate was higher in women (p= 0.008) (Figure 4). Conclusion The mortality rate in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction was found to be statistically significantly higher in female patients aged 65 and over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nuri Koşar
- Clinic of General Surgery, University of Health Science Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özkan Görgülü
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Reanimation, University of Health Science Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Kim SS, Lee KH, Yoon NS, Park HW, Cho JG. What is Standard Dose of Rivaroxaban in Elderly Asian Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: 20ms versus. 15mg? Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211061148. [PMID: 34786989 PMCID: PMC8606923 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is no age criterion for rivaroxaban dose reduction, elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are often prescribed an off-label reduced dose. We aimed to evaluate whether age is a necessary criterion for rivaroxaban dose reduction in Korean patients with AF. Among 2208 patients who prescribed warfarin or rivaroxaban, 552 patients over 75 years without renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance >50 mL/min) were compared based on propensity score matching. The rivaroxaban group was further divided into a 20 mg (R20; on-label) and a 15 mg (R15; off-label). Primary net clinical benefit (NCB) was defined as the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. Secondary NCB was defined as the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, and major bleeding. Patients were followed for 1 year, or until the first outcome occurrence. Both rivaroxaban groups had comparable efficacy compared with warfarin. However, both R20 (0.9% vs 7.4%, p = .014) and R15 (2.3% vs 7.4%, p = .018) had a significant reduction in major bleeding. There were no differences in efficacy or safety outcomes between R20 and R15. R20 had significantly reduced primary (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–0.93) and secondary (HR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10–0.93) NCBs compared with warfarin. However, primary and secondary NCBs were not reduced in R15. In real-world practice with elderly patients with AF, off-label rivaroxaban dose reduction to 15 mg conferred no benefits. Therefore, guideline-adherent rivaroxaban 20 mg is favorable in elderly Korean patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki Hong Lee
- 65416The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,34931Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam Sik Yoon
- 65416The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,34931Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- 65416The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,34931Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- 65416The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,34931Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Tseng SY, Ko CP, Tseng CY, Huang WC, Lai CL, Wang CH. Is 20 Hz Whole-Body Vibration Training Better for Older Individuals than 40 Hz? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182211942. [PMID: 34831698 PMCID: PMC8625607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been used as a training method in health promotion. This study attempted to use WBV at three different frequencies (20, 30, and 40 Hz) with subjects from different age groups to analyze the activation of the rectus femoris muscle. The subjects included 47 females and 51 males with an average age of 45.1 ± 15.2 years. Results indicated significant differences in subjects from different age groups at 20 Hz WBV. Muscle contraction was greater in the subjects who were older (F(4,93) = 82.448, p < 0.001). However, at 30 Hz WBV, the difference was not significant (F(4,93) = 2.373, p = 0.058). At 40 Hz WBV, muscle contraction was less in the older subjects than in the younger subjects (F(4,93) = 18.025, p < 0.001). The spectrum analysis also indicated that at 40 Hz there was less muscle activity during WBV in the older subjects than in the younger ones. Therefore, age was found to have a significant effect on muscle activation during WBV at different frequencies. If the training is offered to elderly subjects, their neuromuscular responses to 20 Hz WBV will be more suitable than to 40 Hz WBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Yu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Service Industries and Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Po Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Yen Tseng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Upright Come Scoliosis Clinic, Hsinchu 30286, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 40343, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Liang Lai
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi County 61347, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hou Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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