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Reis FJJ, Alaiti RK, Vallio CS, Hespanhol L. Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning approaches in sports: Concepts, applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Braz J Phys Ther 2024; 28:101083. [PMID: 38838418 PMCID: PMC11215955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare have gained attention as a promising and powerful resource to change the landscape of healthcare. The potential of these technologies for injury prediction, performance analysis, personalized training, and treatment comes with challenges related to the complexity of sports dynamics and the multidimensional aspects of athletic performance. OBJECTIVES We aimed to present the current state of AI and ML applications in sports science, specifically in the areas of injury prediction, performance enhancement, and rehabilitation. We also examine the challenges of incorporating AI and ML into sports and suggest directions for future research. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive literature review, focusing on publications related to AI and ML applications in sports. This review encompassed studies on injury prediction, performance analysis, and personalized training, emphasizing the AI and ML models applied in sports. RESULTS The findings highlight significant advancements in injury prediction accuracy, performance analysis precision, and the customization of training programs through AI and ML. However, future studies need to address challenges such as ethical considerations, data quality, interpretability of ML models, and the integration of complex data. CONCLUSION AI and ML may be useful for the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of health conditions. In this Masterclass paper, we introduce AI and ML concepts, outline recent breakthroughs in AI technologies and their applications, identify the challenges for further progress of AI systems, and discuss ethical issues, clinical and research opportunities, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J J Reis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pain in Motion Research Group, Department of Physical Therapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Rafael Krasic Alaiti
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Research, Technology, and Data Science Office, Grupo Superador, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sain Vallio
- Health Innovation, Data Science, and MLOps Semantics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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McLean S, Naughton M, Kerhervé H, Salmon PM. From Anti-doping-I to Anti-doping-II: Toward a paradigm shift for doping prevention in sport. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 115:104019. [PMID: 37028132 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Doping remains an intractable issue in sport and occurs in a complex and dynamic environment comprising interactions between individual, situational, and environmental factors. Anti-doping efforts have previously predominantly focused on athlete behaviours and sophisticated detection methods, however, doping issues remain. As such, there is merit in exploring an alternative approach. The aim of this study was to apply a systems thinking approach to model the current anti-doping system for four football codes in Australia, using the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). The STAMP control structure was developed and validated by eighteen subject matter experts across a five-phase validation process. Within the developed model, education was identified as a prominent approach anti-doping authorities use to combat doping. Further, the model suggests that a majority of existing controls are reactive, and hence that there is potential to employ leading indicators to proactively prevent doping and that new incident reporting systems could be developed to capture such information. It is our contention that anti-doping research and practice should consider a shift away from the current reactive and reductionist approach of detection and enforcement to a proactive and systemic approach focused on leading indicators. This will provide anti-doping agencies a new lens to look at doping in sport.
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Holman M, Walker G, Lansdown T. Analysing dynamic work systems using DynEAST: a demonstration of concept. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:377-405. [PMID: 35723619 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The capability of current Ergonomics methods to capture dynamism is limited, stifling our understanding of work-as-done, distributed situational awareness and organisational drift. This paper provides a demonstration of concept of DynEAST; an extension of the EAST framework underpinned by principles from Dynamic Network Analysis, to capture elements of dynamism within work systems. The DynEAST concept is applied to a railway maintenance case study. Case study findings demonstrate how DynEAST outputs can be used to advance our understanding of the aforementioned phenomena and better equip practitioners for current and future Ergonomics challenges.Practitioner summary: This paper introduces the DynEAST method. DynEAST enables HF/E practitioners to model and analyse dynamic features of complex work systems. The development of DynEAST is timely due to the concurrent proliferation of increasingly complex sociotechnical systems and stagnation of HF/E methods development; particularly those able to model systemic dynamism. Abbreviations: DynEAST: dynamic event analysis of systemic teamwork; EAST: dynamic event analysis of systemic teamwork; HF/E: human factors and ergonomics; HF: human factors; DNA: dynamic network analysis; HTA: hierarchal task analysis; CWA: cognitive work analysis; CAST: causal analysis based on system theory; STAMP: system theoretic accident model and processes; FRAM: functional resonance analysis method; SNA: social network analysis; DSA: distributed situational awareness; PPO: possession protection officer; PO: protection officer; RTS: railway track signals; LPA: local possession authority; SMEs: subject matter experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Holman
- Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Guy Walker
- Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Terry Lansdown
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Buckley KL, O’Halloran PD, Oates JM, Carey LB, Ruddock ML. Vocal ergonomics with sports coaches: Co-devised approaches to occupational voice. Work 2022; 73:S109-S126. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work-system participation and factors are associated with occupational vocal health for vocally reliant workers, such as sports coaches. However, there is limited use of systems approaches and worker collaboration to address occupational voice. OBJECTIVE: The current research aimed to cooperatively consider coaches’ vocally reliant systems participation, including addressing vocal ergonomic factors that can create barriers for occupational vocal health and voice use. METHODS: Collaborative action inquiries explored vocal ergonomics with coaches (n = 24) from nine professional basketball teams. Across three basketball seasons, coaches and a subject matter expert identified what influenced coaches’ voices and trialed approaches to optimize vocally reliant coaching participation. Nine action inquiry methods were used, including search conferences, ergonomic approaches to enhance systems participation, and focus groups. Multi-level analyses were also undertaken. RESULTS: Participants cooperatively generated, implemented, and evaluated different strategies. A cumulative total of 57 strategies were explored within teams (team mean = 6.33, SD = 3, range = 4–14). Cross-case analysis identified 25 different strategy types. Overall, participants appraised 31.58% (18/57) strategies as supportive (i.e., enhanced facilitators for voice), 61.40% (35/57) strategies as somewhat supportive (i.e., some enhanced facilitators and some ongoing barriers), and 7.02% (4/57) strategies as unsupportive (i.e., pervasive ongoing barriers not mitigated by strategies). Further, factors across coaches’ work-systems continued to influence coaches’ voices in dynamic and complex ways. CONCLUSIONS: Collaboration with coaches enriched vocal ergonomic approaches by providing novel, context-anchored insights. Collaboration should form ‘part’ of broader mechanisms to support coaches’ voice use and vocal health at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Buckley
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) - Health and Technical Services, WorkSafe New Zealand, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Paul D. O’Halloran
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Oates
- Department of Speech Pathology, Orthoptics and Audiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lindsay B. Carey
- Palliative Care Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy L. Ruddock
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Conroy E, Toth AJ, Campbell MJ. The effect of computer mouse mass on target acquisition performance among action video gamers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 99:103637. [PMID: 34742107 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in human performance have shifted research attention from individuals towards understanding the effects that equipment can have on their performance. In esports, the effect of gaming peripherals on performance has only recently been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of computer mouse mass on gaming skill. 72 video game players performed a target acquisition task, a pertinent composite skill in first-person shooter (FPS) video games, while using computer mice that varied only by their mass (50g, 60g, 90g & 100g). Results showed that participants were 4% faster and 9% more accurate with 50g, 60g, and 90g mice compared to the 100g mouse. They were also 34% more accurate and 14% more precise when using lower control-display gain and preferred lighter mice (50g and 60g) when performing the skill at a lower control-display gain. Taken together, using a lighter mouse at lower sensitivity may augment target acquisition performance among video gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Conroy
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland
| | - Adam J Toth
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Watanabe I, Miyamoto M, Nakagawa H, Saito K. Ergonomic advantage of pistol-grip endoscope in the ENT practice. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:252-260. [PMID: 33869757 PMCID: PMC8035956 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent technology manufactured a nasopharyngeal videoscope with pistol-shaped grip (PG). This study aimed to assess the ergonomic feasibility of this novel device in daily ENT practice. METHODS To assess the ergonomic impact of grip shape on ENT physicians, conventional grip videoscope (CG) and PG were utilized in this study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded to assess the muscle activity in the upper limb during endoscopy on a training model. Bilateral sEMG recordings were performed including thenar muscle, pronator teres muscle, brachioradialis muscle, and biceps brachii muscle. Mean value of the mean sEMG amplitude throughout the task in triplicated examinations (mMA) with each electrode, total values of four mMAs in both of the grip-side and the insertion tube-side limb muscles, and total value of all eight mMAs were calculated, and compared between CG and PG. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the experienced ENT physicians and the residents. RESULTS PG provided significantly lower mMA values in thenar muscle and brachioradialis muscle of the grip-side limb compared with CG. Total value of four mMAs in PG was significantly lower compared with that in CG in the grip-side limb, and total value of all eight mMAs in PG was significantly lower compared with that in CG. Furthermore, total value of four mMAs in PG was significantly lower compared with that in CG in the grip-side limb, in both of the subgroups. CONCLUSION This is the first study to support the idea that the newly designed pistol-grip endoscope may have an ergonomic advantage over conventional endoscope for otolaryngologists in daily practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Watanabe
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKyorin University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Miyamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKyorin University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKyorin University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKyorin University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Hulme A, McLean S, Dallat C, Walker GH, Waterson P, Stanton NA, Salmon PM. Systems thinking-based risk assessment methods applied to sports performance: A comparison of STPA, EAST-BL, and Net-HARMS in the context of elite women's road cycling. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 91:103297. [PMID: 33161182 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in applying systems Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) methods in sport. Risk assessment (RA) methods can be used identify risks which may impact the performance of individual athletes, teams, and overall sports systems; however, they have not yet been tested in sport. This study sets out to apply and compare three systems thinking-based RA methods in the context of elite sports performance and report on the frequency and types of the risks identified. The Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method, the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Broken Links (EAST-BL) method, and the Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) method were applied to elite women's road cycling to identify all the credible risks that could degrade optimal team performance. The findings demonstrate that all three methods appear to provide useful results in a context other than safety, and that multiple risks threatening the performance of the cycling team were identified. Whilst the frequency and types of risks differed across the methods applied, there are additional theoretical, methodological, and practical implications to be considered prior to the selection and use of systems thinking-based RA approaches. Recommendations and directions for future HFE and sports science research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
| | - Scott McLean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Clare Dallat
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Guy H Walker
- School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Waterson
- Human Factors and Complex Systems Group, Design School, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Neville A Stanton
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4558, Australia
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Hulme A, McLean S, Read GJM, Dallat C, Bedford A, Salmon PM. Sports Organizations as Complex Systems: Using Cognitive Work Analysis to Identify the Factors Influencing Performance in an Elite Netball Organization. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:56. [PMID: 33344979 PMCID: PMC7739835 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the adoption of a complex systems thinking approach when attempting to understand and optimize sports performance. Despite this, few studies have attempted to model elite sports organizations. The aim of this study was to use methods from the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework to develop a model of an elite netball organization and identify wider organizational functions and constraints influencing performance. Two phases of CWA were used: (i) Work Domain Analysis (WDA); and, (ii) Social Organization and Co-operation Analysis (SOCA). A WDA model of the elite netball organization was developed via subject matter expert (SME) workshops, and a SOCA was undertaken to identify the different functions, roles, and responsibilities of key actors within the organization. The findings identify various factors that influence performance. Functions that appear to provide a competitive edge are discussed, including a strong club ethos, a shared responsibility for performance, and a focus on player and staff health and well-being. Factors that potentially have a negative impact on performance include organizational priorities not related to playing netball, and additional coach and athlete roles beyond coaching, training, and playing. The implications for understanding and optimizing elite sports organizations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott McLean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gemma J M Read
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Dallat
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Bedford
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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McLean S, Read GJM, Hulme A, Dodd K, Gorman AD, Solomon C, Salmon PM. Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Using Systems Archetypes to Understand Common and Recurring Issues in Sports Coaching. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:49. [PMID: 33344972 PMCID: PMC7739827 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Systems thinking, a fundamental approach for understanding complexity, is beginning to gain traction in sports science. Systems archetypes (SAs) describe common recurring patterns of system behaviors and have been used extensively in other domains to explain the system wide influences on behavior. SAs look at the deeper levels of systemic structure by identifying what creates system behaviors, which supports the development of interventions to identify and resolve problem sources. Methods: Four commonly used SAs were used to explain the dynamics underpinning recurring issues for coaching in football: (1) Fixes that fail, (2) Shifting the burden, (3) Drifting goals, and (4) Success to the successful. The SAs models were built, refined and validated by seven subject matter experts (SMEs) including experienced football researchers, systems thinking experts, an international football coach, a skill acquisition specialist, and an experienced exercise scientist. Results: The findings show that the SAs fit well in the football coaching context, providing further evidence that a complex system thinking approach is required when considering football performance and its optimization. The developed SAs identify the factors that play a role in recurring issues in football coaching and highlight the systemic structures that contribute to the issues. The developed SAs identify the appropriate leverage points in the system where sustainable change can be made to improve coaching practice and subsequent performance of players. Discussion: A common theme emerging across the analyses was that systemic problems often arise in football when quick fixes are attempted. Whereas, improvements to system behavior usually require a delay after the implementation of the appropriate corrective action. The SAs developed in the current study also provide practical templates of common problems in football that can be used to prompt discussions around how to avoid ineffective interventions and instead make sustainable improvements across multiple aspects of football performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McLean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gemma J M Read
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Karl Dodd
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam D Gorman
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin Solomon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Naseri B, Rajabion L, Zaravar F, Khordehbinan MW, Moradi F. A new model for evaluating the impact of ergonomic architectural design of gym, social network and digital knowledge on the desire of students for sport activities. HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/hsm-190486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Naseri
- M.A. in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Lila Rajabion
- College of Business, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, Florida, USA
| | - Foroozndeh Zaravar
- M.A. in Physical Education, School of Paramedical Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Moradi
- Department of General, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Salmon PM, Read GJM. Many model thinking in systems ergonomics: a case study in road safety. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:612-628. [PMID: 30460881 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1550214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In complexity science, the many models thinking philosophy argues for a multi-method approach to complex problems. This article investigates whether the use of multiple systems ergonomics methods to examine the same problem is useful, or whether using different approaches creates incompatible analyses. Five systems ergonomics analyses of road trauma are examined and their key insights extracted. The extent to which these insights are compatible with one another and can be integrated when attempting to reduce road trauma is assessed. The findings indicate that applying several systems ergonomics methods to the same problem is useful, as multiple insights are developed and deficiencies in one approach are countered by the others. Importantly, the case study demonstrates that the insights gained are compatible and support the development of holistic systems thinking-based interventions. In conclusion it is recommended that a many systems ergonomics model thinking approach be adopted by ergonomists working in complex problem spaces. Practitioner Summary: Many model thinking uses multiple methods to understand complex problems. We explore whether this is beneficial in systems ergonomics. Five models of road trauma, developed using five systems ergonomics methods, are examined. The findings demonstrate that a many model systems ergonomics approach produces a diverse but complimentary set of insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Salmon
- a Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia
| | - Gemma J M Read
- a Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Australia
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12
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Mclean S, Hulme A, Mooney M, Read GJM, Bedford A, Salmon PM. A Systems Approach to Performance Analysis in Women's Netball: Using Work Domain Analysis to Model Elite Netball Performance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30787902 PMCID: PMC6372500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Netball is a newly professional women’s sport, as such there has been little research conducted investigating performance analysis (PA) in elite netball. The aim of this study was to develop a model of the elite netball performance system to identify the complex relationships among key performance indicators. Eleven elite subject matter experts (SMEs) participated in workshops to produce a systems model of the netball match performance. The model was developed using the work domain analysis (WDA) method. A model of the netball match performance system was produced showing the interrelated objects, processes, functions, values, and purposes involved in elite level netball matches. The model identified the components of elite level netball performance and the interactions and relationships between them. The output of this research has identified novel PA measures including passing and possession measures, measures of cognitive performance, and measures related to physical activity. Netball is a complex sport, involving multiple dynamic and interrelated components. Consequently, there is an opportunity to develop holistic PA measures that focus on interacting components, as opposed to components in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Mclean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell Mooney
- Department of Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma J M Read
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Bedford
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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