1
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Gonzales A, Barbieri DF, Carbonell AM, Joseph A, Srinivasan D, Cha J. The compatibility of exoskeletons in perioperative environments and workflows: an analysis of surgical team members' perspectives and workflow simulation. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:674-694. [PMID: 37478005 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2240045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Surgical team members in perioperative environments experience high physical demands. Interventions such as exoskeletons, external wearable devices that support users, have the potential to reduce these work-related physical demands. However, barriers such as workplace environment and task compatibility may limit exoskeleton implementation. This study gathered the perspectives of 33 surgical team members: 12 surgeons, four surgical residents, seven operating room (OR) nurses, seven surgical technicians (STs), two central processing technicians (CPTs), and one infection control nurse to understand their workplace compatibility. Team members were introduced to passive exoskeletons via demonstrations, after which surgical staff (OR nurses, STs, and CPTs) were led through a simulated workflow walkthrough where they completed tasks representative of their workday. Five themes emerged from the interviews (workflow, user needs, hindrances, motivation for intervention, and acceptance) with unique subthemes for each population. Overall, exoskeletons were largely compatible with the duties and workflow of surgical team members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Gonzales
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Alfredo M Carbonell
- Department of Surgery, Prisma Health - Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anjali Joseph
- School of Architecture, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jackie Cha
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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2
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Govaerts R, De Bock S, Provyn S, Vanderborght B, Roelands B, Meeusen R, De Pauw K. The impact of an active and passive industrial back exoskeleton on functional performance. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:597-618. [PMID: 37480301 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2236817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to differences in actuation and design, active and passive industrial back exoskeletons could influence functional performance, i.e., work performance, perceived task difficulty, and discomfort, differently. Therefore, this study investigated and compared the impact of the active CrayX (7 kg) and passive Paexo Back (4.5 kg) on functional performance. Eighteen participants performed twelve work-related tasks with both types of exoskeletons and without (NoExo). The CrayX hindered work performance up to 22% in multiple tasks, compared to the Paexo Back and NoExo, while work performance between NoExo and the Paexo Back condition was more comparable, except for stair climbing (13% hindrance). Perceived task difficulty and discomfort seldomly varied between both exoskeletons. Although the CrayX shows promise to benefit workers, limitations in hindrance and comfort should first be addressed. The Paexo Back has demonstrated an advantage in certain static tasks. However, increasing its potential across a broader range of tasks seems warranted.Practitioner Summary: Differences between industrial back exoskeletons with regard to functional performance, i.e. work performance, discomfort and perceived task difficulty, were investigated by evaluating the active CrayX and passive Paexo Back back exoskeletons. The CrayX significantly hindered functional performance, while the Paexo Back seldomly affected functional performance.Abbreviations: WMSD: Work-related musculoskeletal disorder; NoExo: No Exoskeleton; GD: General discomfort; PTD: Perceived task difficulty; BMI: Body Mass Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Govaerts
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bock
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bram Vanderborght
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and IMEC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Govaerts R, Turcksin T, Vanderborght B, Roelands B, Meeusen R, De Pauw K, De Bock S. Evaluating cognitive and physical work performance: A comparative study of an active and passive industrial back-support exoskeleton. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 4:e27. [PMID: 38487761 PMCID: PMC10936324 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Occupational back-support exoskeletons, categorized as active or passive, hold promise for mitigating work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, their impact on combined physical and cognitive aspects of industrial work performance remains inadequately understood, especially regarding potential differences between exoskeleton categories. A randomized, counterbalanced cross-over study was conducted, comparing the active CrayX, passive Paexo Back, and a no exoskeleton condition. A 15-min dual task was used to simulate both cognitive and physical aspects of industrial work performance. Cognitive workload parameters included reaction time, accuracy, and subjective measures. Physical workload included movement duration, segmented in three phases: (1) walking to and grabbing the box, (2) picking up, carrying, and putting down the box, and (3) returning to the starting point. Comfort of both devices was also surveyed. The Paexo significantly increased movement duration in the first segment compared to NoExo (Paexo = 1.55 ± 0.19 s; NoExo = 1.32 ± 0.17 s; p < .01). Moreover, both the Paexo and CrayX increased movement duration for the third segment compared to NoExo (CrayX = 1.70 ± 0.27 s; Paexo = 1.74 ± 0.27 s, NoExo = 1.54 ± 0.23 s; p < .01). No significant impact on cognitive outcomes was observed. Movement Time 2 was not significantly affected by both exoskeletons. Results of the first movement segment suggest the Paexo may hinder trunk bending, favoring the active device for dynamic movements. Both devices may have contributed to a higher workload as the movement duration in the third segment increased compared to NoExo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Govaerts
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Turcksin
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Flanders Make AugmentX, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Vanderborght
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and IMEC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bock
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Kim S, Ojelade A, Moore A, Gutierrez N, Harris-Adamson C, Barr A, Srinivasan D, Rempel DM, Nussbaum MA. Understanding contributing factors to exoskeleton use-intention in construction: a decision tree approach using results from an online survey. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38085690 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2289859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major health concern in the construction industry. Occupational exoskeletons (EXOs) are a promising ergonomic intervention to help reduce WMSD risk. Their adoption, however, has been low in construction. To understand the contributing factors to EXO use-intention and assist in future decision-making, we built decision trees to predict responses to each of three EXO use-intention questions (Try, Voluntary Use, and Behavioural Intention), using online survey responses. Variable selection and hyperparameter tuning were used respectively to reduce the number of potential predictors and improve prediction performance. The importance of variables in each final tree was calculated to understand which variables had a greater influence. The final trees had moderate prediction performance. The root node of each tree included EXOs becoming standard equipment, fatigue reduction, or performance increase. Important variables were found to be quite specific to different decision trees. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.Practitioner summary: This study used decision trees to identify key factors influencing the use-intention of occupational exoskeletons (EXOs) in construction, using online survey data. Key factors identified included EXOs becoming standard equipment, fatigue reduction, and performance improvement. Final trees provide intuitive visual representations of the decision-making process for workers to use EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwook Kim
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aanuoluwapo Ojelade
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Albert Moore
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nancy Gutierrez
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Alan Barr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - David M Rempel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maury A Nussbaum
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Mohammed El Husaini M, Maberry A, Martin AE. Validation of a modified visual analogue scale to measure user-perceived comfort of a lower-limb exoskeleton. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20484. [PMID: 37993504 PMCID: PMC10665473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
User perceived exoskeleton comfort is likely important for device acceptance, but there is currently no validated instrument to measure it. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is an existing tool to measure subjective human feedback by asking the user to mark a point on a line with each end of the line representing an opposing anchor statement. It can be modified to show the previous response, allowing the subject to directly indicate if the current condition is better or worse than the previous one. The goal of this study was to determine how well the modified VAS could measure user-perceived comfort as the exoskeleton control parameters were varied. To validate the survey, 14 healthy subjects walked in a pair of ankle exoskeletons with approximately ten distinct sets of control parameters tested in a prescribed order. Each set of control parameters was tested twice. After each trial, user-perceived comfort was measured using a two-question VAS survey. The repeatability coefficient was approximately 40 mm, similar to the total range of responses. The results were also inconsistent, with relative rankings between consecutive pairs of conditions matching for approximately 50% of comparisons. Thus, as tested, the VAS was not repeatable or consistent. It is possible that subject adaptation within the trial and over the course of the experiment may have impacted the results. Additional work is needed to develop a repeatable method to measure comfort and to determine how perceived comfort varies as subjects' gain exoskeleton experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axl Maberry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Anne E Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Golabchi A, Riahi N, Fix M, Miller L, Rouhani H, Tavakoli M. A framework for evaluation and adoption of industrial exoskeletons. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 113:104103. [PMID: 37499526 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) account for a significant portion of worker illnesses and injuries, resulting in high costs and productivity losses to employers globally. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the use of exoskeleton technology to reduce rates of WMSDs in industrial worksites. Despite the potential of exoskeletons to mitigate the risks of WMSDs, the required steps to properly assess and implement the technology for industrial applications are not clear. This paper proposes a framework that can help organizations successfully evaluate and adopt industrial exoskeletons. Through a focus group of industry professionals, researchers, and exoskeleton experts, and by building on existing literature, an overarching adoption framework is developed. The identified stages and tasks within the framework enable an organization to evaluate and adopt exoskeletons through a systematic approach and to identify the existing gaps in their technology adoption process. The findings also highlight the areas where further studies are needed to promote the adoption of industrial exoskeletons, including large-scale field studies and long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golabchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; EWI Works International Inc, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Negar Riahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Fix
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Linda Miller
- EWI Works International Inc, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hossein Rouhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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7
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Kabir MR, Mahmud H, Hasan MK. Acceptability of a head-mounted assistive mouse controller for people with upper limb disability: An empirical study using the technology acceptance model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293608. [PMID: 37906562 PMCID: PMC10617718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limited motor capabilities, people with upper limb disabilities have trouble utilizing a typical mouse while operating a computer. Different wearable Assistive Mouse Controllers (AMCs) have been developed to overcome their challenges. However, these people may not be able to realize the importance, ease of use, and social approval of these AMCs due to their fear of new technology, lack of confidence, and lack of ingenuity. These may negatively affect their attitude and intention toward accepting AMCs for equitable human-computer interaction. This study presents the development of a sensor-based head-mounted AMC, followed by an empirical analysis of its acceptance using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) from the socioeconomic perspective of Bangladesh. In a similar vein, we examined the effects of three additional psychological constructs-technology anxiety, confidence, and innovation, on its acceptance along with the original components of the TAM. A total of 150 individuals with stroke-induced upper limb disability participated in an online survey, and their responses were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, following the general least square method. Analysis revealed, about 96.44% of the participants had positive attitude towards the AMC, and almost 88.56% of them had positive intentions to accept it. Furthermore, about 68.61% of them expressed signs of anxiety, 96.35% were confident, and 94.16% of them had an innovative mindset in terms of device usage. The findings imply that individuals with an innovative mentality are more capable of comprehending the practical implications of a new technology than those without one. It is also feasible to reduce technological anxiety and boost a user's confidence while using an AMC by combining an innovative mentality with straightforward device interaction techniques. Additionally, peer encouragement and motivation can significantly enhance their positive attitude towards accepting the AMC for facilitating their interaction with a computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridwan Kabir
- Systems and Software Lab (SSL), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Systems and Software Lab (SSL), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Systems and Software Lab (SSL), Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Boardbazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
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Elprama SA, De Bock S, Meeusen R, De Pauw K, Vanderborght B, Jacobs A. The Dynamic Adoption Journey: A Typology for Users and Non-Users of Occupational Exoskeletons. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2023; 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37941288 DOI: 10.1109/icorr58425.2023.10304781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Various barriers prevent the adoption of occupational exoskeletons. It is therefore important to understand why some people are willing to use occupational exoskeletons, while others are not. To identify why people use or do not use exoskeletons, we created a typology describing different types of users and non-users. These types were created based on existing literature on internet adoption and social robots. Next, literature and empirical data were used to identify reasons why some people use exoskeletons and others do not use them (yet). The typology includes users with pain and users without work-related musculoskeletal disorders, but also non-users: resisters, rejecters, discontinuers, excluded or expelled non-users. It can be used by companies interested in implementing exoskeletons to identify possible early adopters. For exoskeleton designers, it can be used as a tool to identify non-users and focus on design strategies to enable non-users to become users (such as making exoskeletons that would fit people with a wide range of body shapes). Future research can use these types to identify users and non-users in field trials or pilot projects.
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Slaughter PR, Rodzak KM, Fine SJ, Ice CC, Wolf DN, Zelik KE. Evaluation of U.S. Army Soldiers wearing a back exosuit during a field training exercise. WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 4:e20. [PMID: 38487775 PMCID: PMC10936316 DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Back overuse injuries are a significant problem in the U.S. Army, responsible for nearly a quarter of musculoskeletal injuries. Back exosuits are wearable devices that relieve musculoskeletal strain, make lifting easier, and could potentially reduce Soldier overuse injuries. But published studies have not evaluated exosuits during realistic field operations to assess acceptability to Soldiers. We tested a back exosuit on field artillery Soldiers during a field training exercise. Afterward, Soldiers completed a survey to quantify their satisfaction, intent to use, and performance impact of the exosuit. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive: Approximately 90% of Soldiers reported that exosuits increased their ability to perform their duties, and 100% said that if the exosuit were further developed and made available to them, they would be likely to wear it. These numerical survey results indicated that exosuits can provide a practical and acceptable way to assist lifting and augment physical performance during realistic Army operations without interfering with other duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Slaughter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - K. M. Rodzak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S. J. Fine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - C. C. Ice
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - D. N. Wolf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - K. E. Zelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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10
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Govaerts R, De Bock S, Stas L, El Makrini I, Habay J, Van Cutsem J, Roelands B, Vanderborght B, Meeusen R, De Pauw K. Work performance in industry: The impact of mental fatigue and a passive back exoskeleton on work efficiency. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 110:104026. [PMID: 37060653 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue (MF) is likely to occur in the industrial working population. However, the link between MF and industrial work performance has not been investigated, nor how this interacts with a passive lower back exoskeleton used during industrial work. Therefore, to elucidate its potential effect(s), this study investigated the accuracy of work performance and movement duration through a dual task paradigm and compared results between mentally fatigued volunteers and controls, with and without the exoskeleton. No main effects of MF and the exoskeleton were found. However, when mentally fatigued and wearing the exoskeleton, movement duration significantly increased compared to the baseline condition (βMF:Exo = 0.17, p = .02, ω2 = .03), suggesting an important interaction between the exoskeleton and one's psychobiological state. Importantly, presented data indicate a negative effect on production efficiency through increased performance time. Further research into the cognitive aspects of industrial work performance and human-exoskeleton interaction is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Govaerts
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sander De Bock
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lara Stas
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Support for Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Core Facility of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ilias El Makrini
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Habay
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Van Cutsem
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Vital Signs and Performance Monitoring Research Unit, LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Belgium.
| | - Bart Roelands
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bram Vanderborght
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and IMEC, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Belgium.
| | - Romain Meeusen
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- BruBotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Wolf DN, Fine SJ, Ice CC, Slaughter PR, Rodzak KM, Zelik KE. Integrating Exosuit Capabilities into Clothing to Make Back Relief Accessible to Workers Unserved by Existing Exoskeletons: Design and Preliminary Evaluation. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2023; 11:94-107. [PMID: 38149915 DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2023.2295859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWe developed a method for integrating back-assist exosuit capabilities into regular clothing to make musculoskeletal relief accessible to more workers. We demonstrated proof-of-concept that this uniform-integrated exosuit can be effective and usable. Existing occupational exosuits are standalone accessories worn on top of a user's clothing and are not suitable for all workers. Our newly developed sub-class of exosuit could be beneficial to workers who alternate between bending, lifting, and sitting tasks, or to those in customer- or patient-facing jobs where it is important for wearable technology to be discreet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek N Wolf
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shimra J Fine
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chad C Ice
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul R Slaughter
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Karl E Zelik
- Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Kranenborg SE, Greve C, Reneman MF, Roossien CC. Side-effects and adverse events of a shoulder- and back-support exoskeleton in workers: A systematic review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 111:104042. [PMID: 37146320 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the biomechanical effects of exoskeletons are well studied, research about potential side-effects and adverse events are limited. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the side-effects and adverse events on shoulder- and back-support exoskeletons during work tasks. METHODS Four in-field studies and 32 laboratory studies were included in this review, reporting on n = 18 shoulder exoskeletons, n = 9 back exoskeletons, n = 1 full body with a supernumerary arm, and n = 1 combination of shoulder and back exoskeleton. RESULTS The most frequent side-effect reported is discomfort (n = 30), followed by a limited usability of the exoskeleton (n = 16). Other identified side-effects and adverse events were changes in muscle activity, mobility, task performance, balance and posture, neurovascular supply, gait parameters and precision. An incorrect fit of the exoskeleton and the decreased degrees of freedom are most often reported as causes of these side-effects. Two studies did not find any side-effects. This review also showed that there are differences in the occurrence of side-effects in gender, age, and physical fitness. Most studies (89%) were conducted in a laboratory setting. Most studies (97%) measured short-term effects only. Psychological and social side-effects or adverse events were not reported. Side-effects and adverse events for active exoskeletons were understudied (n = 4). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the evidence for side-effects and adverse events is limited. If available, it mainly consists of reports of mild discomfort and limited usability. Generalisation is limited because studies were conducted in lab settings and measured short term only, and most participants were young male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kranenborg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Science, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Greve
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Science, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C C Roossien
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Science, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Intention to use robotic exoskeletons by older people: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Wang J, Yu S, Yuan X, Wang Y, Chen D, Wang W. Investigating the Overall Experience of Wearable Robots during Prototype-Stage Testing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8367. [PMID: 36366065 PMCID: PMC9656381 DOI: 10.3390/s22218367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wearable robots (WRs) might interact with humans in a similar manner to teammates to accomplish specific tasks together. However, the available data on WR user experience (UX) studies are limited, especially during the prototyping phase. Therefore, this study aims to examine the overall experience of WRs during the prototyping phase based on an exploratory research model. This theoretical model considered usability, hedonic quality, and attitude toward using WRs as key factors in explaining and predicting overall experience. To test the hypotheses inherent in the research model, quantitative empirical research was conducted and the data were analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results from the PLS-SEM analysis revealed the significance level of correlations between the latent variables in the research model. The exploratory research model was able to explain up to 53.2% of the variance in the overall experience of using WRs, indicating medium predictive power. This research develops a new quantitative empirical research model that can be used to explain and predict the overall experience of interactive products such as WRs. Meanwhile, the model is needed during WR testing in the prototype phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Design, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Suihuai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Design, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Design and Arts, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
| | - Dengkai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Design, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Moulart M, Olivier N, Giovanelli Y, Marin F. Subjective assessment of a lumbar exoskeleton's impact on lower back pain in a real work situation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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