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Zuo G, Chen M, Zuo Y, Liu F, Yang Y, Li J, Zhou X, Li M, Huang JA, Liu Z, Lin Y. Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Endotoxemia in Rats via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Alleviating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Related Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38607257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, the results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes and metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation, which is also supported in the experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, EGCG could restore gut microbiota diversity and composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, and suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and strengthened intestinal barrier function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with NAFLD and metabolic disorders, were also reshaped by EGCG. Our results suggested that a combinative improvement of EGCG on gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Zuo
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Yang
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Menghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Kim JS, Jegal KH, Park HR, Choi BR, Kim JK, Ku SK. A Mixture of Fermented Schizandrae Fructus Pomace and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus Extracts Synergistically Protects against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1556. [PMID: 37627551 PMCID: PMC10451536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizandrae Fructus (SF) and Hoveniae Semen cum Fructus (HSCF) have long been used as medicinal herbs for treating various diseases in Asian traditional medicine. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of fermented SF pomace and HSCF extract 1:1 (w:w) combination mixture (MSH) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury mice. After MSH (50-200 mg/kg) oral administration for 7 consecutive days, animals were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg). Histopathological observation revealed that administration of MSH synergistically decreased the degeneration of hepatocytes and the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by CCl4. Moreover, MSH administration reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in serum, and mitigated apoptotic cell death in hepatic parenchyma. In addition, MSH alleviated CCl4-mediated lipid peroxidation by restoring endogenous antioxidants capacities including glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. In vitro assessments using tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells revealed that MSH protects hepatocytes by lowering ROS generation and lipid peroxidation via upregulating the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and the expression of antioxidant genes. Furthermore, MSH synergistically attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CCl4-injured liver and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MSH has the potential to prevent acute liver damage by effectively suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jegal
- Department of Korean Medical Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16514, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (H.-R.P.)
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Alcohol-Induced Headache with Neuroinflammation: Recent Progress. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol and other congeners in alcoholic beverages and foods are known triggers of alcohol-induced headaches (AIHs). Recent studies implicate AIHs as an important underlying factor for neuroinflammation. Studies show the relationship between alcoholic beverages, AIH agents, neuroinflammation, and the pathway they elicit. However, studies elucidating specific AIH agents’ pathways are scarce. Works reviewing their pathways can give invaluable insights into specific substances’ patterns and how they can be controlled. Hence, we reviewed the current understanding of how AIH agents in alcoholic beverages affect neuroinflammation and their specific roles. Ethanol upregulates transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression levels; both receptors trigger a neuroinflammation response that promotes AIH manifestation—the most common cause of AIHs. Other congeners such as histamine, 5-HT, and condensed tannins also upregulate TRPV1 and TLR4, neuroinflammatory conditions, and AIHs. Data elucidating AIH agents, associating pathways, and fermentation parameters can help reduce or eliminate AIH inducers and create healthier beverages.
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Je J, Song M, Baek JH, Kang JS, Chung HJ, Lee K, Park SW, Kim HJ. Combined Water Extracts from Oxidation-Treated Leaves and Branches of Hovenia dulcis Has Anti-Hangover and Liver Protective Effects in Binge Alcohol Intake of Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4404. [PMID: 34959956 PMCID: PMC8707081 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis, known as the oriental raisin tree, is used for food supplements and traditional medicine for the liver after alcohol-related symptoms. However, little information exists about the use of its leaves and branches. In this study, we established a method to use the leaves and branches to develop anti-hangover treatment and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Oxidation-treated leaves (OL) exhibited high antioxidant content comparable to that of the peduncles and showed an anti-hangover effect in male mice. The branch extract (BE) was enriched in the flavonoid catechin, approximately five times more than OL extract. The mixture of OL and BE (OLB) was formulated in a 2:1 ratio with frozen-dried extract weight and was tested for anti-hangover effects and protective properties against binge alcohol-induced liver injury. OLB showed better anti-hangover effect than OL. In addition to this anti-hangover effect, OLB protected the liver from oxidative/nitrosative damage induced by binge alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Miyoung Song
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeong Baek
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jae Soon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Kwonsu Lee
- Malgeunsan Agricultural Union Corp., 991 Wolasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju 52839, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Anti-Aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Medical School, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.S.); (J.H.B.); (J.S.K.)
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Kim KJ, Kim E, Kang WS, Jeon M, Choi H, Lee KH, Kim MH, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. SR-5, the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula: An evaluation of antiulcerogenic effects on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044329. [PMID: 34690616 PMCID: PMC8532236 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we demonstrated that the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula (SR-5) exhibits hepatoprotective properties against ethanol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a major etiological factor involved in gastric disease and ulcer development induced by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Methods The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SR-5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) against hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH)-induced and indomethacin/hydrochloride acid (INDO/HCl)-induced gastritis in a mouse model and the mechanisms involved. Results All the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer model mice. Similarly, all the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the INDO/HCl-induced ulcer model mice. Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. SR-5 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to their normal values. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate the powerful protective effect of SR-5 against gastric injury development and provide hope for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Araújo LBNDE, Cal BBF, Nunes BM, Cruz LODA, Silva CRDA, Castro TCDE, Leitão ÁC, Pádula MDE, Albarello N, Dantas FJS. Nuclear and mitochondrial genome instability induced by fractions of ethanolic extract from Hovenia dulcis Thunberg in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191436. [PMID: 34378640 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis is a plant commonly used as a pharmaceutical supplement, having displayed important pharmacological properties such antigiardic, antineoplastic and hepatoprotective. The purpose of this work was investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential from fractions of Hovenia dulcis ethanolic extract on Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains FF18733 (wild type) and CD138 (ogg1). Ethanolic extract from Hovenia dulcis leaves was fractioned using organic solvents according to increasing polarity: Hexane (1:1), dichlorometane (1:1), ethyl acetate (1:1) and butanol (1:1). Three experimental assays were performed, such as (i) inactivation of cultures; (ii) mutagenesis (canavanine resistance system) and (iii) loss of mitochondrial function (petites colonies). The findings shown a decrease in cell viability in FF18733 and CD138 strains; all fractions of the extract were mutagenic in CD138 strain; only ethyl acetate and butanol fractions increased the rate of petites colonies for CD138 strains. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions induces mutagenicity, at the evaluated concentrations, in mitochondrial and genomic DNA in CD138 strain, mediated by oxidative lesions. In conclusion, it is possible to infer that the lesions caused by the extract fractions could be mediated by reactive oxygen species and might reach multiple molecular targets to cause cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana B N DE Araújo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna B F Cal
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno M Nunes
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia O DA Cruz
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia R DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C DE Castro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo DE Pádula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma Albarello
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio J S Dantas
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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de Godoi RS, Almerão MP, da Silva FR. In silico evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of natural compounds from Hovenia dulcis Thunberg. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hovenia dulcis Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040903. [PMID: 33572099 PMCID: PMC7914479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. dulcis has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement. The aim of this work is to review the whole scientific production, with special focus on the last decade, in order to update phytochemistry, biological activities, nutritional properties, toxicological aspect and regulatory classification of H. dulcis extracts for its use in the European Union.
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Hoveniae Semen Seu Fructus Ethanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity via MAPK, AP-1, and STAT Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9184769. [PMID: 31565034 PMCID: PMC6746162 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9184769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoveniae semen seu fructus (HSF, fruit and seed of Hovenia dulcis Thunb) is an important traditional herbal medicine and food supplement in East Asia for the treatment of liver diseases, alcohol poisoning, obesity, allergy, and cancer. HSF has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity, but the cellular mechanism of action is not fully understood. We assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of an HSF ethanol (HSFE) extract and explored its precise mechanism. The ability of HSFE to suppress inflammatory responses was investigated in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, and mouse primary macrophages. Secretions of NO, proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory factors, and related proteins were measured using the Griess assay, ELISA, Western blot analysis, and real-time PCR, respectively. In addition, the main components of HSFE were analyzed by HPLC, and their anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed. Our results showed that pretreatment of HSFE markedly reduced the expression of NO and iNOS without causing cytotoxicity and significantly attenuated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, HSFE strongly suppressed phosphorylation of MAPK and decreased the activation of AP-1, JAK2/STAT, and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, HSFE strongly suppressed the inflammatory cytokine levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Also, as a result of HPLC analysis, three main components, ampelopsin, taxifolin, and myricetin, were identified in the HSFE extract, and each compound effectively inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators induced by LPS. These findings show that HSFE exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the activation of MAPK, AP-1, JAK2/STAT, and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of HSFE appears to be closely related to the action of the three main components. Therefore, HSFE appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Qiu P, Dong Y, Zhu T, Luo YY, Kang XJ, Pang MX, Li HZ, Xu H, Gu C, Pan SH, Du WF, Ge WH. Semen hoveniae extract ameliorates alcohol-induced chronic liver damage in rats via modulation of the abnormalities of gut-liver axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:40-50. [PMID: 30599911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hovenia dulcis Thunb. is considered as a traditional herbal medicine that has been used in the treatment for ethanol-induced liver disease for centuries. Recently, substantial studies demonstrated that Semen hoveniae extract (SHE) not only suppressed the hepatic steatosis caused by chronic ethanol exposure, but also inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms largely remained elusive. AIM To determine the hepatoprotective effects of SHE on ethanol-triggered liver damage and further elucidate its potential mechanisms. METHODS In the present study, the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with the Lieber-DeCarli diet containing alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin as control diet with or without SHE (300 and 600 mg/kg/d bw) for 8 weeks. The levels of serum biomarkers (ALT, AST and LDH) and LPS were detected by biochemical assay kits and endotoxin detection LAL kit, respectively. The histopathological changes of liver and intestinal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expressions of CD14, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, Iκ-B, P-Iκ-B and TNF-α in liver, and ZO-1 and occludin in intestine were determined by western blot. The faecal microbial composition was determined by16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis. RESULTS Biochemical and histopathological analysis revealed that SHE significantly alleviated the lipid deposition and inflammation response in liver induced by ethanol. SHE remarkably inhibited the TLR4 pathway and its downstream inflammatory mediators, and up-regulated the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in the intestine. The further investigations suggested SHE dramatically reversed ethanol-induced alterations in the intestinal microbial flora and decreased the generation of gut-derived endotoxin. CONCLUSION In summary, SHE probably modulated abnormalities of gut-liver axis and inhibited TLR4-associated inflammatory mediators activation to exert its hepatoprotective properties. These findings suggested that SHE as a traditional therapeutic options which may play an essential role in protecting against the chronic ethanol-triggered liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qiu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yun-Yun Luo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xian-Jie Kang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Min-Xia Pang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Huan-Zhou Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Su-Hua Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Feng Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Feng FB, Qiu HY. Neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA against neuropathic pain in diabetic rats through the Nrf2/ARE and NF-κB signaling pathways. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:428-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Kang KB, Jun JB, Kim JW, Kim HW, Sung SH. Ceanothane- and lupane-type triterpene esters from the roots of Hovenia dulcis and their antiproliferative activity on HSC-T6 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 142:60-67. [PMID: 28686899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three ceanothane-type and three lupane-type triterpenoids, as well as three known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae), based on LC-MS dereplication. The previously undescribed compounds were determined to be 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyisoceanothanolic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxycolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoyl-3-dehydroxyepicolubrinic acid, 27-O-protocatechuoylbetulinic acid, 27-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbetulinic acid, and 27-O-syringoylbetulinic acid by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR mass spectrometric data analysis. The isolates were examined for their antiproliferative activity in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells; compounds 1, 2, 3, and 6 showed IC50 values in the range of 15-50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bum Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Kim YJ, Jeong HY, Kim JY, Choi EK, Chae SW, Kwon O. A standardized extract of the fruit of Hovenia dulcis alleviated alcohol-induced hangover in healthy subjects with heterozygous ALDH2: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:167-174. [PMID: 28750942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hovenia dulcis, known as the oriental raisin tree, is mainly found in East Asia. It has long been used as traditional folk remedies for alcohol intoxication. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the anti-hangover effect of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. fruit extract (HDE) in a randomized controlled crossover trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six eligible male adults with heterozygous ALDH2 (23.7±0.3 years old) consumed 360mL of Korean Soju (50g alcohol) together with HDE (2460mg) or matched placebo with subsequent crossover. The blood samples were taken at baseline and 1, 4, and 12h post-treatment. RESULTS Blood alcohol, acetaldehyde, and total hangover scores were highest at 1h post-treatment with no difference between groups, but declines in hangover symptom scores were significant in the HDE group compared to the placebo group. Significant differences between groups were also observed on interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-10/IL-6 ratio, and aspartate aminotransferase levels, but not on endotoxins. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between total hangover symptom scores and IL-6 and IL-10 level. Further analyses by CYP2E1 polymorphism at rs10776687, rs2031920, rs3813867, and rs4838767 alleles showed a reversed association, suggesting that CYP2E1 polymorphism might be an effect modifier. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a favorable effect of HDE on alcohol hangovers might be associated with enhancing homeostatic regulation of inflammatory response. The magnitude of impact might be different in the presence of CYP2E1 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoejin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang M, Liu Y, Qiang M, Wang J. Structural elucidation of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Hovenia dulcis peduncles and its proliferative activity on RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1246-1253. [PMID: 28715863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an acidic polysaccharide HDP3A was isolated from Hovenia dulcis peduncles with 45.9% of uronic acid content. Structure of HDP3A was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. HDP3A was mainly contained of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose with a small quantity of xylose, fucose, mannose, glucose. The structural analysis indicated that HDP3A was a pectin-type polysaccharide with HG and RG-I regions and hairy regions. HG was linear homopolymer with repeating units of (1→4)-α-d-galactopyranosyl uronic (GalA) residues. The GalpA residues in HG domain may be acetylated and/or methyl-esterified. The backbone of RG-I contains repeating units of [→α-GalpA-1,2)-α-Rhap-1,4→]n and the hairy regions attached in the Rha at position O-4. Hairy regions were mainly composed of galactans, arabinans, arabinogalactans, glucans, mannans and xylans. The immunomodulatory activities of HDP3A and its reduced (HDP3A-R) and hydrolyzed product (HDP3A-0.1) in vitro on macrophages were determined. The three polysaccharide fractions all stimulated the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and the order of the proliferative effects was HDP3A>HDP3A-R>HDP3A-0.1, indicating that the immune effects of pectin-type polysaccharides were related to branches and molecular weight. Consequently, HDP3A could be as a potential source for the proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Mingliang Qiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Meng Y, Su A, Yuan S, Zhao H, Tan S, Hu C, Deng H, Guo Y. Evaluation of Total Flavonoids, Myricetin, and Quercetin from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. As Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:444-449. [PMID: 27787697 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the inhibition effect and mechanism of total flavonoids, myricetin and quercetin extracted from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on α-amylase and α-glucosidase in order to explore the potential use of Hovenia flavonoids in alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia. The results demonstrate that total flavonoids, myricetin, and quercetin were effective inhibitors of α-amylase with IC50 values of 32.8, 662 and 770 μg ml-1, respectively. And all three were effective inhibitors of α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 8, 3 and 32 μg ml-1, respectively. Enzyme kinetics tests and Lineweaver-Burk results showed the inhibition effects of total flavonoids, myricetin and quercrtin on α-amylase were all reversible and competitive, and the effects on α-glucosidase were all reversible but non-competitive. This study revealed that Hovenia flavonoids, especially myricetin, are effective and promising functional foods in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Meng
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anping Su
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yuan
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguo Zhao
- Xi'an Healthful Biotechnology Co., Ltd., HangTuo Road, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chingyuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, AgSci 216, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Hong Deng
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Guo
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
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