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Cai TY, Ji JB, Wang X, Xing J. Targeted screening of the synergistic components in Artemisia annua L. leading to enhanced antiplasmodial potency of artemisinin based on a "top down" PD-PK approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117612. [PMID: 38135228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisinin (ART) showed enhanced antimalarial potency in the herb Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), from which ART is isolated. Increased absorption of ART with inhibited metabolism in the plant matrix is an underlying mechanism. Several synergistic components have been reported based on a "bottom-up" approach, i.e., traditional isolation followed by pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic evaluation. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we employed a "top-down" approach based on in vivo antimalarial and pharmacokinetic studies to identify synergistic components in A. annua. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two A. annua extracts in different chemical composition were obtained by extraction using ethyl acetate (EA) and petroleum ether (PE). The synergistic antimalarial activity of ART in two extracts was compared both in vitro (Plasmodium falciparum) and in vivo (murine Plasmodium yoelii). For the PD-PK correlation analysis, the pharmacokinetic profiles of ART and its major metabolite (ART-M) were investigated in healthy rats after a single oral administration of pure ART (20 mg/kg) or equivalent ART in each A. annua extract. A liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based analytical strategy was then applied for efficient component classification and structural characterization of the differential components in the targeted extract with a higher antimalarial potency. Major components isolated from the targeted extract were then evaluated for their synergistic effect in the same proportion. RESULTS Compared with pure ART (ED50, 5.6 mg/kg), ART showed enhanced antimalarial potency in two extracts in vivo (ED50 of EA, 2.9 mg/kg; ED50 of PE, 1.6 mg/kg), but not in vitro (IC50, 15.0-20.0 nM). A significant increase (1.7-fold) in ART absorption (AUC0-t) was found in rats after a single oral dose of equivalent ART in PE but not in EA; however, no significant change in the metabolic capability (AUCART-M/AUCART) was found for ART in either extract. The differential component analysis of the two extracts showed a higher composition of sesquiterpene compounds, especially component AB (3.0% in PE vs. 0.9% in EA) and component AA (14.1% in PE vs. 5.1% in EA). Two target sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified as arteannuin B (AB) and artemisinic acid (AA). The synergism between ART and AB/AA in the same proportion with PE extract (20:1.6:7.6, mg/kg) was verified by a pharmacokinetic study in rats. CONCLUSIONS A "top-down" strategy based on PD-PK studies was successfully employed to identify synergistic components for ART in A. annua. Two sesquiterpene compounds (arteannuin B and artemisinic acid) could enhance the antimalarial potency of ART by increasing its absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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2
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Ferreira AM, Sales I, Santos SAO, Santos T, Nogueira F, Mattedi S, Pinho SP, Coutinho JA, Freire MG. Enhanced Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Artemisia annua L. Achieved with Aqueous Solutions of Salicylate Salts and Ionic Liquids. CHEM & BIO ENGINEERING 2024; 1:44-52. [PMID: 38434799 PMCID: PMC10906083 DOI: 10.1021/cbe.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria, can be chemically synthesized or extracted from Artemisia annua L. However, the extraction method for artemisinin from biomass needs to be more sustainable while maintaining or enhancing its bioactivity. This work investigates the use of aqueous solutions of salts and ionic liquids with hydrotropic properties as alternative solvents for artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L. Among the investigated solvents, aqueous solutions of cholinium salicylate and sodium salicylate were found to be the most promising. To optimize the extraction process, a response surface method was further applied, in which the extraction time, hydrotrope concentration, and temperature were optimized. The optimized conditions resulted in extraction yields of up to 6.50 and 6.44 mg·g-1, obtained with aqueous solutions of sodium salicylate and cholinium salicylate, respectively. The extracts obtained were tested for their antimalarial activity, showing a higher efficacy against the Plasmodium falciparum strain compared with pure (synthetic) artemisinin or extracts obtained with conventional organic solvents. Characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of artemisinin together with other compounds, such as artemitin, chrysosplenol D, arteannuin B, and arteannuin J. These compounds act synergistically with artemisinin and enhance the antimalarial activity of the obtained extracts. Given the growing concern about artemisinin resistance, the results here obtained pave the way for the development of sustainable and biobased antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ferreira
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabela Sales
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Escola
Politécnica, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation
and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene
e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade
Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global
Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation
and Innovation towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene
e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade
Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
MolSyn, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- Escola
Politécnica, Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Bahia 40210-630, Brazil
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Mountain
Research Center − CIMO, Polytechnic
Institute of Bragança, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal
- SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal
| | - João A.
P. Coutinho
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Multi-component pharmacokinetics assessment of Artemisia annua L. in rats based on LC-ESI-MS/MS quantification combined with molecular docking. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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4
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Ur Rasool J, Sawhney G, Shaikh M, Nalli Y, Madishetti S, Ahmed Z, Ali A. Site selective synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Spiro-isoxazoline stitched adducts of arteannuin B. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105408. [PMID: 34655840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A library of new spiroisoxazoline analogues of arteannuin B was synthesized through 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition in stereoselective fashion and consequently screened for anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Three potent analogues (8i, 8 m, and 8n) were found to attenuate the LPS induced release of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α more potently than the parent molecule. Also, the inhibition of LPS induced nitric oxide production in these cells show moderate to high efficacy. None of the three potent molecules have altered the viability of RAW 264.7 cells following 48 h incubation suggesting that the inhibition of cytokines and nitric oxide production exhibited in the cells was not due to toxicity. In addition, these compounds exhibit an IC50 range of 0.17 µM-1.57 µM and 0.09 µM-0.35 µM for the inhibition of IL-6 release and nitric oxide production respectively. The results disclose potent inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators which are encouraging and warrant further investigations to develop new therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ur Rasool
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sreedhar Madishetti
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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Bai H, Jiang W, Wang X, Hu N, Liu L, Li X, Xie Y, Wang S. Component changes of mulberry leaf tea processed with honey and its application to in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1840-1852. [PMID: 34266375 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1953709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a traditional food additive that can be used to preserve food, increase the flavour of food, and enhance the effect of some functional foods. Mulberry leaf is a popular tea, and it is also an anti-diabetic medicinal material. In the traditional processing of mulberry leaf tea, honey is a commonly used additive. This study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to measure the changes in the contents of 11 components of mulberry leaves before and after processing using honey as an additive. We analysed the absorption and elimination characteristics of mulberry leaves before and after processing in diabetes in vivo models, and then compared the effect of mulberry leaves before and after processing in resisting hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia damage in in vitro models. The results showed that honey, as an additive, not only improves the dissolution of mulberry leaves, but in diabetes models also increases the utilisation of some components. In an in vitro model, honey mulberry leaves could significantly reduce the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. This demonstrated that the traditional processing method using honey as an additive could promote the anti-diabetic effect of mulberry tea. So far, this is the first research report on the quality and role of honey as an additive in mulberry leaf processing.Abbreviations: ML: mulberry leaves; HML: honey mulberry leaves; QC: quality control; HQC: high quality control sample; LLOQ: lower limit of quantification; LQC: low-quality control sample; MQC: medium-quality control sample; MRM: multiple reaction monitoring; STZ: streptozotocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Bai
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liu L, Zhao J, Li A, Yang X, Sprangers B, Li S. Prolongation of allograft survival by artemisinin treatment is associated with blockade of OX40-OX40L. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:291-298. [PMID: 33757384 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1902347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated that artemisinin (ART) possesses multiple immune modulatory effects. However, its role as immunosuppressant in allogeneic transplantation is undetermined. Here, we investigated the effect of ART on co-stimulatory signaling in OX40+ T cells and evaluated ART as a potential immunosuppressant in transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic skin transplantation was performed in C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice. Recipient mice were administrated with vehicle, ART or cyclosporine A daily from day 0 to day 19 post transplantation. Proportions of splenic CD4+OX40+ and CD4+CD44hiCD62Lhi cells, and serum IgG was measured by using flow cytometry. An in vitro lymphocyte stimulation with Con A or LPS under various concentrations of ART was performed, expression of CD4+OX40+ and CD4+CD44hiCD62Lhi cells was evaluated, and interleukin(IL)-6 production was measured by ELISA. RESULTS In in vivo allogeneic skin transplant model, ART significantly prolongs allogeneic skin survival. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrate that the immune suppression of ART on T cells is associated with a reduction in OX40+ T cells and inhibition of IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the OX40-OX40L pathway and IL-6 are possibly involved in ART-induced immunosuppression, and ART is a potential novel immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Juanzhi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - An Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shengqiao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, University of Sun Yat-Sen, Zhuhai, P.R. China
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7
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Fu C, Shi H, Chen H, Zhang K, Wang M, Qiu F. Oral Bioavailability Comparison of Artemisinin, Deoxyartemisinin, and 10-Deoxoartemisinin Based on Computer Simulations and Pharmacokinetics in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:889-899. [PMID: 33458540 PMCID: PMC7808142 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyartemisinin, a compound separated from Artemisinin annua L., shows anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities. 10-Deoxoartemisinin is a novel compound with a strong antimalarial effect derivatized from artemisinin. Compared to the famous antimalarial natural compound artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin lacks the peroxide bridge structure, while 10-deoxoartemisinin remains this special peroxide bridge group but loses the 10-position keto group. To clarify their pharmacological differences, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties of artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin, and 10-deoxoartemisinin were first predicted using QikProp software. Also, their pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats were further evaluated by a rapid, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method after oral and intravenous administration of each compound, in which deoxyartemisinin and 10-deoxoartemisinin were first evaluated for their pharmacokinetics. All parameters about ADME properties calculated by software met the criteria and the ADME performance order was 10-deoxoartemisinin > deoxyartemisinin > artemisinin. The oral bioavailability of artemisinin was calculated to be 12.2 ± 0.832%, which was about 7 times higher than that of deoxyartemisinin (1.60 ± 0.317%). For 10-deoxoartemisinin, its bioavailability (26.1 ± 7.04%) was superior to artemisinin at a degree of more than twice. Considering their chemical structures, losing the peroxide bridge might decrease the absorption rate of deoxyartemisinin in the gastrointestinal tract, while retaining the peroxide bridge but losing the 10-position ketone might improve the bioavailability of 10-deoxoartemisinin.
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Fu C, Yu P, Wang M, Qiu F. Phytochemical analysis and geographic assessment of flavonoids, coumarins and sesquiterpenes in Artemisia annua L. based on HPLC-DAD quantification and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS confirmation. Food Chem 2020; 312:126070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ruan J, Liu Z, Qiu F, Shi H, Wang M. Simultaneous Quantification of Five Sesquiterpene Components after Ultrasound Extraction in Artemisia annua L. by an Accurate and Rapid UPLC⁻PDA Assay. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081530. [PMID: 31003442 PMCID: PMC6515398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop an accurate and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) method for the simultaneous determination of artemisinin (Art), arteannuin B (Art B), arteannuin C (Art C), dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) and artemisinic acid (AA) in Artemisia annua L. Methodology: Chromatography separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column with isocratic elution; the mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) (A:B = 40:60, v/v). Data were recorded at an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength of 191 nm for Art, Art C, DHAA and AA, and 206 nm for Art B. Results: The calibration curves of the five sesquiterpene components were all linear with correlation coefficients more than 0.9990. The linear ranges were 31.44–1572 μg/mL, 25.48–1274 μg/mL, 40.56–2028 μg/mL, 31.44–1572 μg/mL and 26.88–1396 μg/mL for Art, Art B, Art C, DHAA and AA, respectively. The precision ranged from 0.08% to 2.88%, the stability was from 0.96% to 1.66%, and the repeatability was all within 2.42% and had a mean extraction recovery of 96.5% to 100.6%. Conclusion: The established UPLC–PDA method would be valuable for improving the quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene components in Artemisia annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ruan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhengyue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Henan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Manyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Monitoring Antifungal Agents of Artemisia annua against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, Associated with Panax notoginseng Root-Rot Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010213. [PMID: 30626142 PMCID: PMC6337599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root rot of Panax notoginseng has received great attention due to its threat on the plantation and sustainable utilization of P. notoginseng. To suppress the root-rot disease, natural ingredients are of great importance because of their environment friendly properties. In this study, we found that the methanol extract from Artemisia annua leaves has strong antifungal effects on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani resulting into root-rot disease. Essential oil (EO) thereof was found to be the most active. GC-MS analysis revealed 58 ingredients and camphor, camphene, β-caryophyllene, and germacrene D were identified as the major ingredients. Further antifungal assays showed that the main compounds exhibit various degrees of inhibition against all the fungi tested. In addition, synergistic effects between A. annua EO and chemical fungicides were examined. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted and disclosed that P. notoginseng root rot could be largely inhibited by the petroleum ether extract from A. annua, indicating that A. annua could be a good source for controlling P. notoginseng root-rot.
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Li J, Zhang C, Gong M, Wang M. Combination of artemisinin-based natural compounds from Artemisia annua
L. for the treatment of malaria: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1415-1420. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 PR China
| | - Muxin Gong
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 PR China
| | - Manyuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100069 PR China
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Desrosiers MR, Weathers PJ. Artemisinin permeability via Caco-2 cells increases after simulated digestion of Artemisia annua leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:254-259. [PMID: 28864166 PMCID: PMC5681399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia annua has been used for > 2000yrs to treat fever and is more recently known for producing the important antimalarial drug, artemisinin. AIM OF THE STUDY Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are effective for treating malaria, but are often unavailable to those in need. Dried leaves of A. annua (DLA) have recently been studied as a cost effective alternative to traditional ACTs. DLA was shown to dramatically increase oral bioavailability compared to pure artemisinin, so more investigation into the mechanisms causing this increased bioavailability is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used a simulated digestion system coupled with Caco-2 cell permeability assays to investigate the intestinal permeability of DLA compared to pure artemisinin. We also determined the effects of different phytochemicals (7 flavonoids, 3 monoterpenes, 2 phenolic acids, scopoletin and inulin) and the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4 on artemisinin intestinal permeability. RESULTS Artemisinin permeability, when delivered as digested DLA, significantly increased by 37% (Papp = 8.03 × 10-5cms-1) compared to pure artemisinin (Papp = 5.03 × 10-5cms-1). However, none of the phytochemicals tested or CYP3A4 had any significant effect on the intestinal permeability of artemisinin. We also showed that essential oil derived from A. annua negatively affected the intestinal permeability of artemisinin, but only after simulated digestion. Finally, we showed that A. annua essential oil reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 monolayers, but only in the presence of bile. Although also reduced by essential oils, artemisinin Papp subsequently recovered in the presence of plant matrix. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the mechanisms by which DLA enhances the oral bioavailability of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Desrosiers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Pamela J Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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13
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Abstract
The isolation is reported of artemisinin (qinghaosu), a drug remarkably effective against malaria, from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. (sweet wormwood) at the Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade (now Faculty of Chemistry), Serbia by the end of 1970, almost two years before the isolation of the same compound in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Vajs
- Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, and Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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