The role of spiritual intelligence in predicting the empathy levels of nurses with COVID-19 patients

The Mediating Role of Compassion in the Relationship Between Nurses' Ethnocultural Empathy and Cultural Sensitivity: Structural Equation Model Analysis

INTRODUCTION

Nurses must possess the capacity for compassionate care and exhibit empathy to promote culturally competent care. This research investigated the mediating role of compassion in the relationship between ethnocultural empathy and intercultural sensitivity among nurses.

METHOD

The study was conducted at a hospital that provides health care services to refugees. In total, 125 nurses were recruited through the simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a personal form and three scales. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS23 and AMOS24.

RESULTS

Nurses' cultural sensitivity positively influenced their compassion competence and ethnocultural empathy. Compassion competence did not function as a full mediator in the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and ethnocultural empathy.

DISCUSSION

This study revealed that exposure to different cultures contributed to compassion competence, ethnocultural empathy, and cultural sensitivity skills in nurses. Cultural competence is a critical component of nursing care; therefore, it should be developed through curriculum revisions and a sensitive and supportive discussion of experiences.

Spiritual intelligence: a scoping review on the gateway to mental health

Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is an independent concept from spirituality, a unifying and integrative intelligence that can be trained and developed, allowing people to make use of spirituality to enhance daily interaction and problem solving in a sort of spirituality into action. To comprehensively map and analyze current knowledge on SI and understand its impact on mental health and human interactions, we conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, searching for 'spiritual intelligence' across PubMedCentral, Scopus, WebOfScience, and PsycInfo. Quantitative studies using validated SI instruments and reproducible methodologies, published up to 1 January 2022, were included. Selected references were independently assessed by two reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool previously developed and piloted. From this search, a total of 69 manuscripts from 67 studies were included. Most studies (n = 48) were conducted in educational (n = 29) and healthcare (n = 19) settings, with the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24) emerging as the predominant instrument for assessing SI (n = 39). Analysis revealed several notable correlations with SI: resilience (n = 7), general, mental, and spiritual health (n = 6), emotional intelligence (n = 5), and favorable social behaviors and communication strategies (n = 5). Conversely, negative correlations were observed with burnout and stress (n = 5), as well as depression and anxiety (n = 5). These findings prompt a discussion regarding the integration of the SI concept into a revised definition of health by the World Health Organization and underscore the significance of SI training as a preventative health measure.

Spiritual Intelligence: A Vital Component of Consolation within Rehabilitation for Medical Social Workers

This article aims to provide medical social workers with a discourse highlighting eight attributes within spiritual intelligence that may be drawn on to comfort persons with disability. This strengthens the medical social workers capacity to offer genuine solace through the disabled person's rehabilitation process. The attributes are holisticness, authenticity, trustworthiness, intentionality, ethical-mindedness, compassion, empathy, and present-centeredness, which will be described in turn. Within these discourses, the paper draws upon Frankl's logotherapy, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Buber's dialogue philosophy, and the influence of mindfulness thought in relation to spiritual intelligence. These can all help medical social workers personally apply the eight attributes. This discourse is particularly relevant for medical social workers, as they dedicate their professional lives to helping persons with disabilities through their rehabilitation process.

Connor Davidson resilience scores, perceived organizational support and workplace violence among emergency nurses

BACKGROUND

Workplace violence can threaten the physical and mental health of emergency nurses, increasing their mobility and burnout rates. However, little research has focused on how to mitigate the negative effects of workplace violence.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the relationships among resilience scores, perceived organizational support, and workplace violence and to explore the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between resilience scores and workplace violence among emergency nurses.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A quantitative, cross-sectional study.

METHODS

From June to July 2023, 466 valid questionnaires were collected via the WeChat app Credamo Seeing Numbers. Participants were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and the Fear of Future Violence at Work Scale.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Normal University (No. 2023-389).

FINDINGS

The Connor-Davidson resilience scores of emergency nurses were negatively associated with workplace violence and positively associated with emergency nurses' perceived organizational support. Emergency nurses' perceived organizational support was negatively associated with workplace violence. Perceived organizational support moderated the relationship between Connor-Davidson resilience scores and workplace violence among emergency nurses to some extent.

DISCUSSION

High levels of Connor-Davidson resilience scores can mitigate the negative effects of workplace violence. Perceived organizational support can increase with increasing levels of Connor-Davidson resilience scores. When nurses face workplace violence, support from the organization can, on the one hand, reduce the negative impacts of stress and, on the other hand, elicit positive emotions.

CONCLUSION

To mitigate the effects of workplace violence on emergency nurses, interventions aimed at both internal and external organizational conditions must be developed to establish a supportive environment that can increase emergency nurses' Connor-Davidson resilience scores and sense of perceived organizational support, and decrease workplace violence.

A cross-sectional study of the relationship between missed nursing care and conscientious intelligence in hospital nurses

AIM

To examine the relationship between missed nursing care and conscientious intelligence.

BACKGROUND

Missed nursing care is a globally common patient safety issue that threatens quality nursing care. Current studies mainly focus on the relationship between missed nursing care and external factors such as nurse, unit and hospital characteristics. However, internal factors, such as the conscientious intelligence of nurses, are also very important for missed nursing care. Moreover, the relationship between missed nursing care and conscientious intelligence has not been examined so far. This study will contribute to filling this gap in the literature.

METHODS

This is a descriptive correlational study. The study sample consisted of 514 nurses working in a city in the southeastern region of Türkiye, reached by convenience sampling method. Study data were collected between 30 January and 30 June 2021. Descriptive statistics, difference statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS

Nurses missed nursing care at an occasional level (1.66 ± 0.63), and their conscientious intelligence score was high (131.26 ± 19.24). Conscientious intelligence alone accounted for 10.6% of the variance in missed nursing care. As nurses' conscientious intelligence levels increase, the level of missed nursing care decreases. Gender, education level, satisfaction with being a nurse and patient-to-nurse ratios had a statistically significant effect on missed nursing care scores.

CONCLUSION

Missed nursing care decreased as nurses' conscientious intelligence increased. Although nurses need to be knowledgeable and competent in caregiving, it is also necessary to consider their conscientious intelligence in patient care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Organizations and nurse managers could improve nursing care by implementing strategies to increase nurses' conscientious intelligence. For this, they would need to encourage nurses to receive training on sensitivity, awareness, ethical decision-making and ethical sensitivity. Moreover, nurse managers should be role models and leaders in compliance with personal and professional values and ethical standards to improve nursing care.

The mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors in Iranian emergency nurses

Moral reasoning is necessary to the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses. In this descriptive-analytical study structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for the data analysis. the minimum required sample size determined by the number of parameters of the model was 18. Considering that 5 to 15 samples were required for each of the parameters; the required sample size was 272. Nurses working in the emergency department of all hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics inventory, King's Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test, and Wolf's Caring Behaviors Inventory used for data collection. SPSS (V20) and Mplus were used to analyze the data. The results showed that a significant direct relationship was observed between moral reasoning and caring behaviors. According to SEM results, direct and indirect effects were observed of spiritual intelligence on caring behavior It is therefore recommended managers and hospital officials pay meticulous attention to spiritual intelligence and the power of decision-making in nurses to improve their caring behaviors.

Communication competence, self-efficacy, and spiritual intelligence: evidence from nurses

INTRODUCTION

Communication skills and acceptable levels of spiritual intelligence (SI) are the prerequisites of the nursing profession, which can significantly impact the individual and organizational performance of nurses. This study aimed to investigate the competency and self-efficacy of communication and its relationship with the SI of nurses.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and included 312 nurses working in a COVID-19 hospital in the south of Iran. The data collection instruments were the Standard Communication Competence Scale, Communication Self-Efficacy, and SI Questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were performed at 5% significance level.

RESULTS

The mean scores of nurses' communication competence, communication self-efficacy, and SI were 89.11 ± 7.32 out of 180, 64.45 ± 5.61 out of 120, and 147.13 ± 11.26 out of 210, respectively. A direct and significant correlation was observed between competence (r = 0.527, p<0.001) and communication self-efficacy (r = 0.556, p<0.001) with spiritual intelligence. The dimensions of spiritual intelligence, including the ability to deal with and interact with problems, self-awareness, love and affection, general thinking and doctrinal dimension, and dealing with moral issues, were identified as predictors of nurses' communicative competence and self-efficacy (p<0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between nurses' competence and self-efficacy with their age (p<0.05). The nurses' mean communication competence and self-efficacy score were different regarding their level of education and the number of shifts (p<0.05). The mean scores of self-efficacy revealed a statistically significant difference between the participants' gender and the number of patients under observation (p<0.05). Moreover, the nurses' SI significantly correlated with age, and the mean scores of this intelligence had statistically significant differences regarding gender (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The nurses' communication competence and self-efficacy were at a moderate level. Considering the correlation and predictive role of SI and its dimensions, it is recommended to promote problem-solving skills, improve self-awareness, and pay attention to moral standards to nurture communication competence and self-efficacy among nurses.

The Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligence on Well-Being and Life Satisfaction among Nurses in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis

Introduction: As they are satisfied with life, nurses who demonstrate spiritual intelligence and well-being at work are tremendous assets to an organisation. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of spiritual intelligence on the well-being and life satisfaction of nurses in the context of COVID-19. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study design. It was conducted in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. The participants were government hospital nurses who were chosen using a multi-stage sampling method. A total of 1121 (75% response rate) nurses participated in the study. Data gathering was conducted from July to September 2022. Results: The life satisfaction level of the participants was deemed positive. Their well-being was better (10/15), and they rated high in spiritual intelligence (90/120). Life satisfaction had a strong association with well-being (r = 0.640, p < 0.001), but a weak association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.391, p < 0.001). In comparison, well-being had a moderate association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.551, p < 0.001). The direct effect of well-being on spiritual intelligence was positive and significant (β = 0.7817, p < 0.0001), and that of spiritual intelligence on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 0.1082, p = 0.0257). The direct effect of well-being on life satisfaction was also positive and significant (β = 1.5985, p < 0.0001). Conversely, well-being had an indirect impact on life satisfaction (β = 0.0846), and this effect was significant. Overall, the impact of well-being on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 1.6831, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The nurses in this study were deemed satisfied, to have better well-being, and better spiritual intelligence. Life satisfaction has a strong association with well-being but a weak one with spiritual intelligence, while well-being has a moderate association with spiritual intelligence. Overall, spiritual intelligence was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between well-being and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that an increase in spiritual growth can serve as the foundation for people to live better and more integrated lives.