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Mathewson KJ, McGowan PO, de Vega WC, Morrison KM, Saigal S, Van Lieshout RJ, Schmidt LA. Cumulative risks predict epigenetic age in adult survivors of extremely low birth weight. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63 Suppl 1:e22222. [PMID: 34964497 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long-term sequelae of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1000 g) may contribute to accelerated biological aging. This hypothesis was examined by analyzing a range of risk factors with a molecular age marker in adults born at ELBW or normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2500 g). DNAm age-the weighted average of DNA methylation at 353 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites from across the genome-was derived from a sample of 45 ELBW (Mage = 32.35 years) and 47 NBW control (Mage = 32.44 years) adults, using the Illumina 850k BeadChip Array. At two assessments undertaken 9 years apart (at 23 and 32 years), cumulative risks were summed from six domains with potential to affect physiological and psychological health: resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia, blood pressure, basal cortisol, grip strength, body mass index, and self-esteem. At age 32 years, cumulative risks were differentially associated with epigenetic age in ELBW survivors (interaction, p < 0.01). For each additional risk factor they possessed, ELBW survivors (B = 1.43) were biologically 2.16 years older than NBW adults (B = -0.73), by the fourth decade of life. Developmental change, epigenetic maintenance, and intervention targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick O McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Systems Biology, Psychology, and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilfred C de Vega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cell and Systems Biology, Psychology, and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Liu Y, Mendonça M, Bartmann P, Wolke D. Very preterm birth and trajectories of domain-specific self-concept from childhood into adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-12. [PMID: 34414877 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-concept refers to individuals' perceptions of themselves in specific domains and is closely related with their overall self-esteem. Lower self-esteem has been reported in those born preterm (<37 weeks gestation), but the development of self-concept has not been studied in this population. This study investigates whether differences in trajectories of domain-specific self-concepts are explained by premature birth or other risk factors, using the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (N = 460), a population-based study of very preterm (VP; <32 weeks gestation)/very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) cohort and term-born controls. Trajectories of body and social self-concept from 6 to 26 years of age were estimated using latent class growth analysis. Regression models examined the effects of VP/VLBW and other individual, social, and family factors. Two trajectories - one stable and one decreasing - were identified for both self-concepts. VP/VLBW birth was associated with decreasing self-concept in both domains, although the effect of VP/VLBW on social self-concept was weakened in the adjusted analysis. Furthermore, mediated pathways were found from VP/VLBW to decreasing social self-concept via chronic bullying (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.002, 0.12]) and motor impairments (β = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]), suggesting that negative self-concept in the VP/VLBW population is partially modifiable through improving peer relationships and motor impairments in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marina Mendonça
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Saigal S, Morrison K, Schmidt LA. "Health, wealth and achievements of former very premature infants in adult life". Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101107. [PMID: 32312673 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Very preterm survivors born in the early neonatal intensive care era are now in their middle adulthood. The literature from cohort studies and population-linked registries indicate that extreme prematurity is associated with lower educational attainment and income, higher need for social assistance, and lower rates of marriage/partnership and reproduction. In addition, with increasing age, many general and system-specific adverse health outcomes, such as psychiatric problems, hypertension, and cardio-metabolic disorders have emerged, resulting in high cumulative health care costs across the life-span. Yet, a significant majority of adults born preterm are leading productive lives and contributing to society. Although this information may not be directly applicable to survivors of modern neonatal intensive care, there is much to learn from these findings to inform and guide us into designing effective strategies to improve the health and well-being of future very premature infants. The longer-term outcome of more recent survivors remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Saigal
- McMaster University, Room 4F 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Katherine Morrison
- McMaster University, Room 3A59, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Psychology Building, Room 405, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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