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Batis C, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Basto-Abreu A. Associated substitution and complementation patterns of processed discretionary foods and drinks on total energy and added sugar intake. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1942-1950. [PMID: 37002619 PMCID: PMC10524537 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processed discretionary foods and drinks (industrialised sugary drinks, sweet and savoury snacks, and grain-based sweets) are often target of policies aimed at regulating the food environment. We aimed to understand if a lower intake of processed foods or drinks is associated with substitution or complementation patterns and overall intake. METHODS We analysed a subsample with two 24-h dietary recalls of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (358 children, 253 adolescents and 278 adults). We compared within-person, energy and added sugar intakes between days with and without consumption of each food group with fixed-effects regressions. We estimated the relative change (change in intake when not consumed/average intake when consumed × 100). RESULTS Processed discretionary foods were not fully substituted, as total energy was 200-400 kcal/day lower when these foods were not consumed. The change in total intake was larger than the intake when consumed (i.e., complemented) for industrialised sugary drinks in adolescents (-136%) and adults (-215%), and sweet, savoury snacks for children (-141%). The change was lower (i.e., partially substituted) for grain-based sweets among children (-78%) and adolescents (-73%). For added sugars, most processed discretionary groups were complemented. CONCLUSIONS Days without intake of processed discretionary foods were associated with lower total energy and lower added sugar intake compared to days when those foods were consumed. This suggests that regulatory policies to reduce the intake of processed foods could have a meaningful impact on improving the overall diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Batis
- CONACYT - Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, CP, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, CP, Mexico
| | - Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, CP, Mexico
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Dietary habits and exercise patterns among high school students in Mississippi. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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The Association between the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Young Rural Adults in South Africa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. However, lifestyle habits including high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contribute to its onset. The current study was aimed at investigating the association between SSBs consumption and MetS components among young adults aged 22 to 30 years. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where a total of 596 young adults (307 females and 287 males) participated. Blood pressure, biochemical assessment, and anthropometric measurements were taken following protocols. A validated 24 h recall questionnaire and food manuals were used to collect SSBs data. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the association between SSBs consumption and MetS components. Results: In males, high SSBs consumption increased the risk of high fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.05). In females, high and low SSBs consumption decreased the risk of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas only high SSBs consumption was associated with decreased risk of high triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high TG, reduced HDL-C and high FBG was significantly associated with high consumption of SSBs. Longitudinal studies are recommended to further investigate the extent to which SSBs influences components of MetS.
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The Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption on the Liver: A Proteomics-based Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070569. [PMID: 32630236 PMCID: PMC7402188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic complications such as the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are major causes of global morbidity and mortality. As sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are implicated in this process, this study aimed to obtain greater mechanistic insights. Male Wistar rats (~200 g) were gavaged with a local SSB every day for a period of six months while the control group was gavaged with an iso-volumetric amount of water. Experimental dosages were calculated according to the surface area-to-volume ratio and were equivalent to 125 mL/day (in human terms). A proteomic analysis was performed on isolated liver samples and thereafter, markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, antioxidant/oxidant capacity, calcium regulation, and mitochondrial functionality were assessed. These data show that SSB consumption resulted in (a) the induction of mild hepatic ER stress; (b) altered hepatic mitochondrial dynamics; and (c) perturbed calcium handling across mitochondria-associated ER membranes. Despite significant changes in markers of ER stress, the antioxidant response and calcium handling (proteomics data), the liver is able to initiate adaptive responses to counteract such stressors. However, the mitochondrial data showed increased fission and decreased fusion that may put the organism at risk for developing insulin resistance and T2DM in the longer term.
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Spence C. Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literature. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109124. [PMID: 32466920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent explosion of interest in the topic of flavour pairing has been driven, at least in part, by the now-discredited food-pairing hypothesis, along with the emergence of the new field of computational gastronomy. Many chefs, sommeliers, mixologists, and drinks brands, not to mention a few food brands, have become increasingly interested in moving the discussions that they have with their consumers beyond the traditional focus solely on food and wine pairings. Here, two key approaches to pairing that might help to explain/justify those food and beverage combinations that the consumer is likely to appreciate are outlined. Historically-speaking, many conventional pairings emerged naturally from cultural/geographical matches, presumably internalized as semantic knowledge amongst consumers. In this review, such conventional pairings are framed as but one example of a cognitive/intellectual food-beverage strategy. The alternative approach to pairing that has become increasingly popular in recent years involves experts/commentators making recommendations based on the perceptual relationship, or interaction, between the component stimuli, be it one of perceived similarity, contrast, harmony, emergence, or modulation (either suppression or enhancement). Physicochemical accounts of pairing, based on the presence of shared flavour molecules (e.g., aromatic volatiles) in the to-be-combined flavours or ingredients, have also gained in popularity. Here, though, the latter approach is framed as an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to predict matches based on perceived similarity. This review summarizes the available evidence concerning food-beverage pairing and proposes a new dichotomy between intellectual/cognitive and perceptual pairing principles in the case of food-beverage matching.
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6
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Buodo G, Rumiati R, Lotto L, Sarlo M. Does food-drink pairings affect appetitive processing of food cues with different rewarding properties? Evidence from subjective, behavioral, and neural measures. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liew HP. Dietary habits and physical activity: Results from cluster analysis and market basket analysis. Nutr Health 2018; 24:83-92. [PMID: 29742963 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018770942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity remains a major public health concern and there has been a significant increase in childhood obesity in the USA. AIM This study seeks to uncover the major patterns of dietary habits in relation to physical activity, together with students' opinions about the quality of food in the school's cafeteria and vending machines. METHODS The empirical work of this study is based on the 2011 Healthy School Program (HSP) Evaluation. HSP assesses the demographic characteristics as well as the dietary habits and exercise patterns of a representative sample of elementary, middle, and high school students in the USA. RESULTS Findings suggest that students assigned to different clusters have different eating habits, exercise patterns, weight status, weight management, and opinions about the quality of food in the school's cafeteria and vending machines. There is great variation in dietary profiles and lifestyle behaviors among students who identified themselves as either overweight or unsure about their weight status. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study may inform future interventions regarding how to promote student's healthy food choices when they are still in school. Health promotion initiatives should specifically target students with persistently unhealthier dietary profiles.
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8
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Eschevins A, Giboreau A, Allard T, Dacremont C. The role of aromatic similarity in food and beverage pairing. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Understanding fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents. The contributions of affect, self-concept and habit strength. Appetite 2017; 120:398-408. [PMID: 28958902 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Affective processes and the role of automaticity are increasingly recognised as critical in determining food choice. This study investigated the association of affective attitude, self-identity and habit with fruit and vegetable (FV) intentions and intake in children. Previous studies have not fully explored their implications for children of different age groups and have not considered their independent contribution as part of a coherent model of behaviour that also controls for other psychosocial and environmental determinants of intake. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 362 children, 9-15 years old. Children were asked to report on measures of affective attitude, cognitive attitude, self-concept, social norms and facilitating factors following Triandis' Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB). Three stage least squares was used to estimate the independent association of affective attitude and self-concept with intentions and of intentions and habit with intake. Self-concept had the most prominent role in explaining intentions irrespective of age for both fruit and vegetables. The importance of affective attitude varied by age and with fruit and vegetables, with greater importance for vegetables and for children aged 11-13 years. Cognitive attitude was more relevant than affective attitude for 14 to 15 year-olds' fruit intentions. Intake was more strongly associated with habit than intentions, with stronger associations for 14 to 15 year-olds. The current findings support the importance of self-concept for FV motivations and provide further evidence on the importance of habit to FV intake in young and older children and adolescents. Results also support a targeted usefulness of affective attitude for fruit and vegetable intentions. The discussion considers potential ways in which these constructs can be incorporated into interventions to increase FV intake in children.
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Hartmann M, Cash SB, Yeh CH, Landwehr SC, McAlister AR. Children's purchase behavior in the snack market: Can branding or lower prices motivate healthier choices? Appetite 2017. [PMID: 28625855 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's dietary-related diseases and their associated costs have expanded dramatically in many countries, making children's food choice a policy issue of increasing relevance. As children spend a considerable amount of money on energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) products, a better understanding of the main drivers of children's independent food purchase decisions is crucial to move this behavior toward healthier options. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to investigate the role of branding and price in motivating children to choose healthier snack options. METHODS The study investigates snack choices of children ages 8 to 11, using a survey and a purchase experiment. The research took place in after-school programs of selected schools in the Boston area. Participants included 116 children. Products in the choice experiment differed on three factors: product type, brand, and price. Data were analyzed using aggregated and mixed logit models. RESULTS Children's purchase decisions are primarily determined by product type (Importance Value (IV) 56.6%), while brand (IV 22.8%) and price (IV 20.6%) prove to be of less relevance. Only those children who state that they like the familiar brand reveal a preference for the branded product in their purchase decision. Price is a significant predictor of choice when controlling for whether or not children obtain an allowance. CONCLUSION It is not simple brand awareness but a child's liking of the brand that determines whether a brand is successful in motivating a child to choose a product. The extent of children's experience with money influences their price responsiveness. To the extent that children who receive an allowance are primarily the ones buying food snacks, higher prices for EDNP snacks could be successful in motivating children to choose a healthier option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hartmann
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 21, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Ching-Hua Yeh
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 21, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie C Landwehr
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 21, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna R McAlister
- Curtis L. Gerrish School of Business, Endicott College, 376 Hale Street, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
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Vos MB, Kaar JL, Welsh JA, Van Horn LV, Feig DI, Anderson CAM, Patel MJ, Cruz Munos J, Krebs NF, Xanthakos SA, Johnson RK. Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e1017-e1034. [PMID: 27550974 PMCID: PMC5365373 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyle behaviors are leading causes of preventable diseases globally. Added sugars contribute to a diet that is energy dense but nutrient poor and increase risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity-related cancers, and dental caries. METHODS AND RESULTS For this American Heart Association scientific statement, the writing group reviewed and graded the current scientific evidence for studies examining the cardiovascular health effects of added sugars on children. The available literature was subdivided into 5 broad subareas: effects on blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Associations between added sugars and increased cardiovascular disease risk factors among US children are present at levels far below current consumption levels. Strong evidence supports the association of added sugars with increased cardiovascular disease risk in children through increased energy intake, increased adiposity, and dyslipidemia. The committee found that it is reasonable to recommend that children consume ≤25 g (100 cal or ≈6 teaspoons) of added sugars per day and to avoid added sugars for children <2 years of age. Although added sugars most likely can be safely consumed in low amounts as part of a healthy diet, few children achieve such levels, making this an important public health target.
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12
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Caloric compensation for sugar-sweetened beverages in meals: A population-based study in Brazil. Appetite 2015; 98:67-73. [PMID: 26708263 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption can cause positive energy balance, therefore leading to weight gain. A plausible biological mechanism to explain this association is through weak caloric compensation for liquid calories. However, there is an ongoing debate surrounding SSB calorie compensation. The body of evidence comes from a diversity of study designs and highly controlled settings assessing food and beverage intake. Our study aimed to test for caloric compensation of SSB in the free-living setting of daily meals. We analyzed two food records of participants (age 10 years or older) from the 2008-2009 National Dietary Survey (Brazil, N = 34,003). We used multilevel analyses to estimate the within-subject effects of SSB on food intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage calories were not compensated for when comparing daily energy intake over two days for each individual. When comparing meals, we found 42% of caloric compensation for breakfast, no caloric compensation for lunch and zero to 22% of caloric compensation for dinner, differing by household per capita income. In conclusion, SSB consumption contributed to higher energy intake due to weak caloric compensation. Discouraging the intake of SSB especially during lunch and dinner may help reduce excessive energy intake and lead to better weight management.
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Kraak VI, Story M. Influence of food companies' brand mascots and entertainment companies' cartoon media characters on children's diet and health: a systematic review and research needs. Obes Rev 2015; 16:107-26. [PMID: 25516352 PMCID: PMC4359675 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the extent and persuasive power of marketing unhealthy foods to children worldwide are important obesity prevention goals. Research is limited to understand how brand mascots and cartoon media characters influence children's diet. We conducted a systematic review of five electronic databases (2000-2014) to identify experimental studies that measured how food companies' mascots and entertainment companies' media characters influence up to 12 diet-related cognitive, behavioural and health outcomes for children under 12 years. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies used 21 unique popular media characters, but no brand mascots. Results suggest that cartoon media character branding can positively increase children's fruit or vegetable intake compared with no character branding. However, familiar media character branding is a more powerful influence on children's food preferences, choices and intake, especially for energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods (e.g. cookies, candy or chocolate) compared with fruits or vegetables. Future research should use a theoretically grounded conceptual model and larger and more diverse samples across settings to produce stronger findings for mediating and moderating factors. Future research can be used to inform the deliberations of policymakers, practitioners and advocates regarding how media character marketing should be used to support healthy food environments for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Kraak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - M Story
- Global Health and Community and Family Medicine, Duke UniversityDurham, North Carolina, USA
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Cornwell TB, McAlister AR, Polmear-Swendris N. Children's knowledge of packaged and fast food brands and their BMI. Why the relationship matters for policy makers. Appetite 2014; 81:277-83. [PMID: 24972133 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies regarding the advancing challenges of obesity in many countries are beginning to converge on the importance of early food exposure and consumption patterns. Across two studies (Study 1, 34 boys, 35 girls; Study 2, 40 boys, 35 girls, ages 3-6), child knowledge of brands offering products high in sugar, salt and fat was shown to be a significant predictor of child BMI, even after controlling for their age and gender and when also considering the extent of their TV viewing. Additionally, two different collage measures of brand knowledge (utilized across the two studies) performed similarly, suggesting that this measure may be serving as a surrogate indicator of an overall pattern of product exposure and consumption. Policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bettina Cornwell
- University of Oregon, 1208 University of Oregon, Lundquist College of Business, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Anna R McAlister
- Michigan State University, 404 Wilson Road, Room 327, Communication Arts and Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nancy Polmear-Swendris
- Ann Arbor Public Schools Preschool and Family Center, 2775 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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Yon BA, Johnson RK. Dietary Patterns and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Adolescents and Adults. Curr Nutr Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-013-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Halford JCG, Boyland EJ. The marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. Setting the research agenda. Appetite 2012; 62:182-4. [PMID: 23220356 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C G Halford
- Experimental Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
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Mueller Loose S, Jaeger S. Factors that influence beverage choices at meal times. An application of the food choice kaleidoscope framework. Appetite 2012; 59:826-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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