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Ayre SK, Harris HA, White MJ, Byrne RA. Food Parenting Practices and Child Eating Behaviors in Australian Families: A Cross-Sectional Sibling Design. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:42-57.e8. [PMID: 37661083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on feeding in early childhood has focused primarily on parent-child dyadic interactions, despite parents enacting these practices within the complex dynamic of the family system. OBJECTIVE Using a sibling design, this study aimed to assess how parents may adapt their food parenting practices for siblings in response to differences in their eating behaviors. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and December 2022. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data were collected from parents (97.5% women) in Australia with 2 children aged 2 to 5 years (n = 336 parents and n = 672 children). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survey items were completed for each sibling, and included four subscales of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and seven subscales of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire-28. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multiple linear regression models examined associations between within-sibling pair differences in child eating behaviors and food parenting practices, adjusting for differences in child body mass index z score, age, gender, and early feeding method. RESULTS Within-sibling pair differences in eating behaviors were associated with differences in some food parenting practices. For the fussier sibling, parents reported using more control-based practices, including persuasive feeding, reward for eating, and reward for behavior, and less of the structure-based practice, family meal settings (P values < 0.001). Similar directions of associations were found for persuasive feeding, reward for eating, and family meal settings with siblings who were slower eaters or more satiety responsive (P values < 0.007); however, no significant differences in reward for behavior were observed in relation to sibling differences in these eating behaviors. For the more food responsive sibling, parents reported using more control-based practices, including reward for behavior and overt restriction (P values < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Within families, parents may adapt certain practices in response to differences in their children's eating behaviors. Interventions promoting responsive feeding should be designed to acknowledge the integral role of siblings in shaping parents' feeding decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah K Ayre
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Holly A Harris
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie J White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Byrne
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Food-related parenting practices and styles in households with sibling children: A scoping review. Appetite 2022; 174:106045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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White HJ, Meyer C, Palfreyman Z, Haycraft E. Family mealtime emotions and food parenting practices among mothers of young children: Development of the Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents (MEM‐P). MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13346. [PMID: 35294102 PMCID: PMC9218312 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Family mealtimes can be important for supporting children's healthy development, yet the emotional context of mealtimes can vary considerably, likely impacting their overall success and enjoyment. Yet, despite having an important role, little is known about how parents emotionally experience mealtimes with their family. The first aim of the current study was to assess the factor structure of a novel self‐report measure to assess parents’ emotional responses experienced during family mealtimes (Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents; MEM‐P). The second aim was to examine relationships between maternal mealtime emotions and their food parenting practices. Mothers of children aged between 1.5 and 6 years participated in this study. Mothers were invited to complete an online questionnaire measuring family mealtime emotions, anxiety, depression and food parenting practices. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three‐factor solution comprising both positive and negative emotion subscales: MEM‐P Efficacy; MEM‐P Anxiety; MEM‐P Stress and Anger. Mothers' positive mealtime emotions (mealtime efficacy) were related to greater use of practices promoting autonomy, providing a healthy home food environment, and modelling healthy eating. Higher anxiety about mealtimes was related to greater reports of child control over eating, and mealtime stress and anger was associated with greater use of food to regulate emotions. These findings highlight novel relationships between how mothers emotionally experience family mealtimes and the food parenting practices they use with their children. It is important to develop resources to help promote positive maternal experiences of family mealtimes and food‐based interactions. Mothers of young children experience a range of positive and negative emotions around family mealtimes. Mothers' mealtime emotions are related to the food parenting practices they report using with their children. Mothers with more positive emotional experiences of family mealtimes (i.e., greater mealtime efficacy) also reported higher use of food parenting practices which promote autonomy in children (e.g., involvement, balance and variety, teaching about nutrition) and which provide feeding structure (e.g., healthy food environment; modelling healthy eating). Some parents may benefit from further support to help them promote more positive mealtime experiences and food‐based interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. White
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Caroline Meyer
- WMG and Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
| | - Zoe Palfreyman
- Division of Psychology De Montfort University Leicester UK
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
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Tommasi M, Toro F, Salvia A, Saggino A. Connections between Children's Eating Habits, Mental Health, and Parental Stress. J Obes 2022; 2022:6728502. [PMID: 35463868 PMCID: PMC9019453 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6728502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and eating disorders are increasing in occidental countries and can undermine physical and psychological health. Therefore, preventing the insurgency of unhealthy eating habits in childhood is fundamental. Parents can play an important role in assisting pediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists in the diagnosis of eating disorders because they have an active role in observing and assessing the quality of their children's eating habits. METHODS In our study, we collected data from a sample of children (n = 125) and their parents (n = 161) without symptoms related to eating disorders. Parents assessed the eating habits, behavior problems, and mental health of their children and parental stress. In addition, we measured body mass index, anxiety, and lifestyle in children. Data were analyzed with bivariate correlation and MIMIC models. RESULTS Both mothers' and fathers' assessments of children's eating habits are reliable. Unhealthy eating habits are connected with children's behavioral problems and parental stress. We did not find significant differences in feeding styles and ways of assessing the quality of eating habits between mothers and fathers. Our study showed greater sensitivity of mothers toward the physical fitness of their children rather than fathers. CONCLUSIONS Mothers and fathers both proved to be good observers of their children's eating behavior, and they could cooperate with medical and psychological operators in preventing the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tommasi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Toro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aristide Saggino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Ayoughi F, Handley M, Garza J, Amin S, Volpe R, Lammert A. Parental perspective and feeding practices effects on food neophobia in elementary school children in San Luis Obispo County. J SENS STUD 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Ayoughi
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Maria Handley
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Jeff Garza
- Garza Consulting, LLC Grand Rapids Michigan USA
| | - Samir Amin
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Richard Volpe
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Agribusiness Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Amy Lammert
- Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Department of Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
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Quinn M, Herty L, Weeks HM, Kwan J, Haines J, Bauer KW. Low-income mothers' perspectives on the involvement of family members in child feeding. Appetite 2021; 168:105683. [PMID: 34496273 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all research on child feeding has focused on mothers. Very little is known about other family members' roles in feeding children nor how mothers engage with these family members regarding child feeding. The objective of this study was to examine mothers' perceptions of other family members' child feeding roles and practices within low-income families, including the challenges experienced and strategies employed by mothers when sharing responsibility for child feeding. Low-income mothers (n = 100) of pre-adolescent children participated in semi-structured interviews regarding child feeding including shared responsibility for child feeding. A content analysis was then conducted to identify main themes in mothers' responses, with three main themes arising from the interviews. First, many family members were actively involved in child feeding and food-related decision-making. The majority of mothers (85%) reported that another family member was involved in feeding their child including fathers and father figures, who were involved in feeding in 63% of families. Other family members, mainly grandparents, were involved in feeding in 35% of families. Mothers identified several concerns regarding their child's eating when with other family members, particularly when grandparents fed children. Finally, mothers employed several strategies to control their children's eating when children were cared for by other family members. Future interventions to promote healthy child feeding among low-income families may benefit from helping mothers negotiate child feeding with other family members, particularly grandparents, and supporting family members' engagement in child feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Quinn
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lauren Herty
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heidi M Weeks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janice Kwan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine W Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Koning M, Vink J, Notten N, Gevers D, Eisinga R, Larsen J. Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: Parent and adolescent version. Appetite 2021; 167:105618. [PMID: 34348166 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suitable instruments for measuring Food Parenting Practices (FPP) among adolescents and their parents that also measure the perception of adolescents about their parent's FPP are rare. The current study describes the development and preliminary testing of a short 16-item Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) for parents (AFPQ-p) and adolescents (AFPQ-a) that may enable future large-scale research on potentially eminent parent-child FPP discrepancy. Participants included 381 parents (73.8 % mothers; Mage 45.9, 26.2% fathers; Mage 49.1) and their adolescent children (aged 12-16) who participated in the Dutch "G(F)OOD together" study. Most parents finished higher professional education (mothers: 44.3 %; fathers: 34.4 %) and performed a paid job of 32 h per week or more (mothers: 22.1 %; fathers: 60.0 %). The theoretical framework of Vaughn (2016) was leading in the development of the AFPQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a random split sample of parent-adolescent dyads and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the other half. The EFA in both parent and adolescent samples resulted in a clear 5 factor solution explaining 61.6 % (AFPQ-p) and 64.2 % (AFPQ-a) of the variance respectively, representing the factors Autonomy Support (α = 0.79/.82), Coercive Control (α = 0.85/.83), Snack Structure (α = 0.79/75), Healthy Structure (α = 0.78/74) and Modelling (α = 0.69/85). CFA confirmed good model fit for the AFPQ-p and the AFPQ-a. Associations with adolescent self-reported food intake were in the expected direction, confirming the preliminary convergent validity of the instrument among a moderate to highly educated group of parent-adolescent dyads. Although the AFPQ provides a promising short instrument, future research in more diverse samples is needed to build evidence on the instrument's psychometric characteristics in other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Natascha Notten
- Department of Healthy Society, Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - Dorus Gevers
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Junilla Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Koning M, Vink JM, Renders C, Notten N, Eisinga R, Larsen JK. Is the Prospective Link between Parental Stress and Adolescent Snack Intake or Weight Outcome Mediated by Food Parenting Practices? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082485. [PMID: 34444649 PMCID: PMC8401057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental stress may influence adolescents’ food intake and weight development over time, however, it is largely unknown why this is the case. This study examines whether the link between parental stress and adolescents’ snack intake and weight outcome is mediated by food parenting practices (FPPs). Participants included 400 parents and their adolescent children (aged 12–16) who completed questionnaires. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess parental general stress levels and the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire (AFPQ) to assess FPPs. Multiple mediation analyses with parallel mediators were performed, with parental general stress as an independent variable and adolescent snack intake and zBMI as dependent variables. FPPs (autonomy support, coercive control, modeling, healthy structure, snack structure) were entered as mediators in the model, adjusted for covariates. Autonomy support mediated the link between parental general stress and adolescent savory snack and sweet snack intake at follow-up. Parents who reported higher stress levels provided less autonomy support, which resulted in more adolescent snacking. None of the other FPPs mediated any link between parental stress and intake or weight outcome, and no significant indirect effects were observed with zBMI as an outcome variable. Further research should replicate this finding and may further examine underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Koning
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Carry Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Natascha Notten
- Knowledge Centre for Health and Social Work, Department of Healthy Society, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 10090, 8000 GB Zwolle, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob Eisinga
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Junilla K. Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.V.); (R.E.); (J.K.L.)
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Regulatory parental feeding behaviors, emotion suppression, and emotional eating in the absence of hunger: Examining parent-adolescent dyadic associations. Appetite 2021; 167:105603. [PMID: 34280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to improve the understanding of inter- and intrapersonal processes implicated in emotional eating using a large community sample of parent-adolescent dyads. METHOD Participants included 1823 parent and adolescent dyads who completed the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study. Parents and adolescents each completed measures assessing parents' feeding behaviors, and participants' own emotional functioning and eating behaviors. Actor-partner interdependence models examined dyadic associations among participants' reports of parents' regulatory feeding behaviors (allowing adolescents to eat for emotional comfort purposes, controlling adolescents' "junk" food/sugary drink intakes), emotion suppression, and emotional eating in the absence of hunger. RESULTS Multiple within-person, cross-dyad member, and divergent parent versus adolescent dyadic effects were identified that differed based on the parental feeding behavior that parents and adolescents reported on. For example, adolescents' reports that their parents regulate their "junk" food/sugary drink intakes were associated with lower levels of their own emotion suppression and, in turn, lower levels of both their own and their parents' emotional eating, whereas parents' reports that they regulate their adolescents' "junk" food/sugary drink intakes were associated with higher levels of their own emotion suppression and emotional eating. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the complex interconnectivity among parental feeding behaviors, emotion dysregulation, and emotional eating within the parent-adolescent dyadic context, and support the use of preventive disordered eating interventions focused on enhancing healthy parent feeding behaviors and adaptive emotion regulation skills from a family-based perspective.
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Spyreli E, McKinley MC, Dean M. Comparing Maternal and Paternal Complementary Feeding Practices: Findings From an Online Survey. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:531-539. [PMID: 33468410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore differences between mothers' and fathers' complementary feeding practices. METHODS An online survey of UK parents with a healthy child in complementary feeding age. Timing of introducing solid foods and adherence to feeding guidelines were assessed. Dietary quality was measured using the Complementary Feeding Utility Index. RESULTS In a sample of 60 mothers and fathers (nondyads), there were no differences between fathers and mothers in the timing of introduction of solid foods, compliance with complementary feeding guidelines, or dietary quality. Most fathers who participated had a male child, whereas mothers had an equal number of male and female children (P < 0.001). The proportion of mothers who followed baby-led weaning was higher compared with fathers (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Study findings reveal no gender differences in parental complementary feeding practices apart from the use of baby-led weaning. Future studies with bigger male samples are warranted to explore the paternal role during complementary feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Spyreli
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Moira Dean
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Almeida C, Azevedo J, Gregório MJ, Barros R, Severo M, Padrão P. Parental practices, preferences, skills and attitudes on food consumption of pre-school children: Results from Nutriscience Project. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251620. [PMID: 34033667 PMCID: PMC8148319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between family environment and child’s eating behaviors is well established but a multidimensional approach to study this relation is lacking. This study aimed to assess the proprieties of a questionnaire created to evaluate parental practices, preferences, skills and attitudes regarding fruit and vegetables (F&V), sugar and salt. Participants (n = 714) were families of pre-school children (aged 2–6 years old) of the Nutriscience Project–a web-based gamification program–who answered a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, and a scale evaluating parental practices, preferences, skills and attitudes, at the baseline of the project. Exploratory factorial analysis was applied to the scale: 21 items and 5 factors were extracted (52.4% of explained variance) with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.770: 1. Modelling/active promotion of F&V consumption (α = 0.73), 2. Skills for choosing/preparing healthy food (α = 0.75), 3. Food preferences and satiety perception (α = 0.70), 4. Awareness regarding sugar/salt intake (α = 0.61), 5. Allowance regarding F&V consumption (α = 0.55). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare factors according to socio-demographic characteristics. Higher scores for parental modelling and active promotion of F&V consumption were observed in older parents, those with higher nutrition knowledge and who reported to live without income difficulties. Regarding food preferences, higher scores were observed in mothers, with higher nutrition knowledge and from higher educated groups. Higher awareness regarding salt and sugar consumption were observed in older parents, with higher education, higher nutrition knowledge and with female children. Older parents and with female children also registered higher scores of skills for choosing/preparing healthy food. The scale showed satisfactory proprieties and may contribute to assess family food environment using a multidimensional approach. It also highlighted the importance of considering socio-demographic characteristics in interventions to promote healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Azevedo
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal | ITR—Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional
- Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gregório
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal | ITR—Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal | ITR—Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal | ITR—Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional
- * E-mail:
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Vollmer RL. The relationship between parental food parenting practices & child eating behavior: A comparison of mothers and fathers. Appetite 2021; 162:105193. [PMID: 33675859 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the relationships between food parenting practices and child eating behavior among mothers and fathers of young children. This cross-sectional study recruited mothers (n = 127) and fathers (n = 118) of children (4.2 ± 1.3 years old) to complete surveys (face-to-face and online). Each parent completed the Comprehensive Food Parenting Questionnaire, Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and demographic questions. Linear regressions were used to compare the relationships between parental food parenting practices and children's eating behaviors with parent sex as a moderator. Child age and sex served as control variables in each regression. Parent sex was a significant moderator in several relationships between parent food parenting practices and child eating behavior. In the relationship between parental restriction for health (ß = -.14, p = .014) and monitoring (ß = -.13, p = .028) and child slowness in eating, the slope of the interaction was significantly higher for mothers, meaning that when mothers and fathers use the same level of restriction for health and monitoring, child slowness in eating is higher for children of mothers. When mothers and fathers used the same level of restriction for weight, child food responsiveness (ß = .13, p = .003) and emotional overeating (ß = .12, p = .046) was significantly higher for children of fathers. There may be differences in how mothers and fathers implement food parenting practices and/or differences in how these practices impact children. Specifically, for fathers, it seems that the use of restriction for weight is more detrimental for children's eating behaviors compared to when mothers use the same level of restriction for weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Vollmer
- Illinois State University, Campus Box 5060, Normal, IL, 61790, USA.
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13
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Green EM, Spivak C, Dollahite JS. Early adolescent food routines: A photo-elicitation study. Appetite 2020; 158:105012. [PMID: 33132192 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescence (ages 10-14) encompasses a critical transition period in which food and nutrition decisions are shifting in important ways. Food routines are food-based activities that repeat across days, weeks, seasons, or lives. Examining routines can provide insight into how individuals are influenced in food choices. The objective of this study was to describe current influences on and experiences with food routines during early adolescence. In-depth interviews, using a photo-elicitation approach, were conducted with 30 participants (16 females; 14 males) in the United States. Participants took photos that were then used during the interview to describe food-related decisions and influences. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was guided by a grounded theory approach to identify emergent themes related to routines and resulted in the development of a conceptual model for early adolescent food routines. Participants identified a wide range of routines and three main themes emerged: family, settings, and meals/foods consumed. Some had highly established routines throughout the week, while others described routines only for certain meals or days. Several participants described increased control or the ability to modify routines around some eating episodes such as snacks, lunches, and weekend breakfasts. Findings revealed how participants viewed eating routines and provided information about food-and nutrition-related behaviors that can inform future research and practice. Early adolescents appear to have complex food routines influenced by structures and different amounts of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Green
- Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University, Cornell University, Savage Hall- Room 214, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
| | - Catherine Spivak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University, Cornell University, Savage Hall- Room 214, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
| | - Jamie S Dollahite
- Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University, Cornell University, Savage Hall- Room 214, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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14
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Davison KK, Haines J, Garcia EA, Douglas S, McBride B. Fathers' food parenting: A scoping review of the literature from 1990 to 2019. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12654. [PMID: 32415676 PMCID: PMC8010159 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While food parenting is a robust area of inquiry, studies have largely focused on mothers. Given the diversity of family structures today and increases in fathers' engagement in caregiving, fathers' food parenting warrants attention. OBJECTIVE We present a scoping review of research on fathers' food parenting (1990-2019). Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research published in English documenting fathers' food parenting and presenting results for fathers separate from mothers. RESULTS Seventy-seven eligible studies were identified. Most studies were based in the U.S (63.6%) and utilized a cross-sectional design (93.5%). Approximately half of studies used a validated measure of food parenting (54.5%) and slightly less than 30% utilized theory (28.6%). Many studies did not report information on fathers' residential status (37.7%) or their relationship to the target child (biological vs social) (63.6%). Content analysis of study findings showed that: fathers are involved in food parenting, but at lower levels than mothers; there are few consistent mother-father differences in food parenting practices; and fathers' controlling food parenting is linked with negative nutrition outcomes in children while responsive food parenting is linked with positive child outcomes. CONCLUSION To better inform family interventions to prevent childhood obesity, future food parenting research with fathers should recognize the diversity of family structures and utilize prospective, theory-based, designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Davison
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelin A Garcia
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Douglas
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent McBride
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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15
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Persky S, Ferrer RA, Klein WMP, Goldring MR, Cohen RW, Kistler WD, Yaremych HE, Bouhlal S. Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Feeding Messages on Mothers and Fathers: Interactions Between Emotional State and Health Message Framing. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:789-800. [PMID: 30395145 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a pressing need to craft optimal public health messages promoting healthy feeding behaviors among parents. How these messages influence such feeding decisions are affected by multiple interactive factors including emotional states, message framing, and gender, but these factors have not been studied in the domain of parents' feeding of their children. PURPOSE To evaluate the role of message framing, emotional state, and parent gender on feeding choices that parents make for their children. METHODS In 2016-2017, 190 parents (126 mothers) of 4- to 7-year-old children were randomly assigned to an anger or fear emotion induction and read either a gain- or loss-framed message about the importance of children's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption prior to choosing foods for their child from a virtual reality buffet. RESULTS Mothers in an angry state who received a gain-framed message chose relatively more FV for their child in the virtual buffet, F(3, 180) = 4.77, p = .027. However, fathers in this group did not feed more FV, but rather reported greater intention to improve future FV feeding, F(3, 180) = 4.91, p = .028. CONCLUSIONS Providing gain-framed messages to parents, particularly mothers, in an anger state may be most effective for motivating healthy dietary choices for children. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT02622035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan R Goldring
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel W Cohen
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Kistler
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley E Yaremych
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Thomson JL, Hennessy E, Landry AS, Goodman MH. Patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks among parent-child dyads. Nutr J 2020; 19:91. [PMID: 32847599 PMCID: PMC7448982 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s food preference and intake patterns are affected by parental child feeding practices. The objective was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks (JS) and investigate their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in a large cohort of parents and their children (12–17 years). Methods Dyadic survey data from the cross-sectional, internet-based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study, conducted in 2014, were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify patterns of use for six JS parenting practices – negative emotions, restriction, monitoring, availability, modeling, and child involvement – based on parent and child report. Model covariates included self-reported parent and child sex, age (child only), body mass index category (based on height and weight), added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority. Results Based on 1657 parent-child dyads, five parenting practice patterns were identified representing different levels of practice use – Complete Influencers (28%; reference class), Indifferent Influencers (21%), Negative Influencers (20%), Minimal Influencers (18%), and Disagreeing Influencers (13%). Compared to older child dyads, younger child dyads were less likely to belong to Indifferent and Minimal Influencers (79 and 63% lower odds, respectively). Greater parent added sugars intake increased the odds of belonging to Indifferent and Negative Influencers (4 and 5% higher for every teaspoon increase, respectively) while greater child added sugars intake decreased the odds of belonging to Minimal Influencers (6% lower for every teaspoon increase). Compared to dyads with high scores, dyads with low child scores for legitimacy of parental authority regarding JS were 18 times as likely to belong to Disagreeing Influencers. Conclusions The study findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of feeding practices regarding JS ranging from use of many practices, use of some practices, to low use of any practice, with differential associations with parent and child intakes of added sugars. Counseling or intervening with parents to use a mix of structure practices, such as availability and modeling, to positively influence their child’s and possibly their own intake of sugary snacks and drinks may prove more efficacious than use of coercive control practices, such as negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Thomson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, PO Box 225, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, McAllister 112, 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Melissa H Goodman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, PO Box 225, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
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17
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Kiefner-Burmeister A, Domoff S, Radesky J. Feeding in the Digital Age: An Observational Analysis of Mobile Device Use during Family Meals at Fast Food Restaurants in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176077. [PMID: 32825541 PMCID: PMC7504203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver mobile phone use while monitoring children is a behavior of increasing prevalence. Family mealtimes have long been considered a time in which parents and children connect emotionally and model eating behaviors, but prior studies have documented less parent-child conversation and more negative parent reactions to child behavioral bids at the table during parent phone use. Research on this topic to date is sparse and focuses only on US populations. The current study used non-participant naturalistic observation to record data on parental mealtime device use and family interactions while dining with children in a fast food restaurant in Italy. Thirty seven families (individuals observed = 129) were observed at a restaurant for the duration of their meal. Qualitative analysis of field notes indicated that mobile phones are frequently used by caregivers during feeding interactions. A novel observation in the current study was different patterns of use by parent gender and age. Mothers appeared to divide their attention between phone and child, whereas fathers evidenced more continuous mobile phone use during which there was lower responsiveness towards children during the meal. Younger parents more frequently used mobile phones, compared to older parents. Parents who missed child bids for attention were all phone users during the mealtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kiefner-Burmeister
- Department of Psychology, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(419)-434-4523
| | - Sarah Domoff
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA;
| | - Jenny Radesky
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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18
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Tan CC, Domoff SE, Pesch MH, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Coparenting in the feeding context: perspectives of fathers and mothers of preschoolers. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1061-1070. [PMID: 31190293 PMCID: PMC6906266 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined how fathers and mothers coparent around child feeding. METHODS Father-mother pairs (N = 30) of preschool-aged children (M child age = 4.1 years old) participated in joint or group interview sessions. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) couples' division of labor regarding feeding tasks seemed to align with stereotypical gender roles; (2) couples noted that they attempted healthier family eating habits in comparison to families of origin and recognized the influence of extended family on their attempts at healthier feeding; (3) couples agreed on the importance of family mealtime, routines, and healthy meals, yet disagreed on strategies to limit unhealthy foods and achieve harmonious family meals. CONCLUSIONS This study identified processes of coparenting and child feeding areas that were particularly challenging to manage among parents, which could be important targets for childhood obesity interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cin Cin Tan
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Sarah E Domoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, USA
| | - Megan H Pesch
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
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19
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Thomson JL, Hennessy E, Landry AS, Goodman MH. Patterns of Food Parenting Practices Regarding Fruit and Vegetables among Parent-Adolescent Dyads. Child Obes 2020; 16:340-349. [PMID: 32673121 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The study's objective was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding fruit and vegetables (FV) and their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in parents and adolescents (12-17 years). Methods: Dyadic survey data from Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating, a cross-sectional, Internet-based study, conducted in 2014 were analyzed using latent class analysis. Self-report model covariates included adolescent age and parent and adolescent sex, BMI, FV intake, and FV legitimacy of parental authority (FV-LPA). Results: Based on 1657 parent-adolescent dyads, 5 latent classes were identified representing use of all 6 to use of few FV parenting practices. Parent and adolescent responses agreed in four classes. The high use class was the reference class. Compared with early adolescent dyads, middle adolescent dyads had 58% and 66% lower odds of belonging to moderate and low use classes. Compared with female parent dyads, male parent dyads had over three times greater odds of belonging to low use class. Compared with female adolescent dyads, male adolescent dyads had 44% lower odds of belonging to disagreeing class. The odds of belonging to one of the other four classes were 19%-63% lower for every one cup equivalent increase in parent FV intake. Compared with dyads with high parental or adolescent agreement with FV-LPA, dyads with low agreement had 2.5-7 times the odds of belonging to another class. Conclusions: Distinct patterns of FV parenting practices exist and are associated with parent and adolescent demographic characteristics, dietary intake, and FV-LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
| | - Melissa H Goodman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, USA
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20
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Rahill S, Kennedy A, Kearney J. A review of the influence of fathers on children's eating behaviours and dietary intake. Appetite 2020; 147:104540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Thomson JL, Landry AS, Tussing‐Humphreys LM, Goodman MH. Diet quality of children in the United States by body mass index and sociodemographic characteristics. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:84-98. [PMID: 32128246 PMCID: PMC7042025 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to describe diet quality by categories of body mass index (BMI) and by sociodemographic characteristics within categories of BMI using a nationally representative sample of US children. METHODS Dietary datasets from three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014) were analysed for children 2 to 18 years of age (N = 8894). Using the population ratio method, mean and 95% confidence intervals for HEI-2015 total and component scores were computed by BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) and by age (2-5, 6-11, and 12-18 y), gender, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race), and family poverty to income ratio (below and at/above poverty threshold). RESULTS HEI-2015 mean total scores were 50.4, 55.2, 55.1, and 54.0 out of 100 points for children with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, and were not significantly different. Within BMI categories, significant differences in total and mean component scores were present for age and race/ethnicity groups. CONCLUSIONS Total and most components of diet quality did not significantly differ among child populations classified by BMI status. Within BMI categories, significant diet quality differences were found for age and race/ethnicity groups, although scores were low for all child groups. Researchers may need to address or target specific dietary components with low quality in various child populations to have the greatest effect on improving nutrition nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Thomson
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceStonevilleMississippi
| | - Alicia S. Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer SciencesUniversity of Central ArkansasConwayArkansas
| | | | - Melissa H. Goodman
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceStonevilleMississippi
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22
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Roberts LT, Carbonneau N, Goodman LC, Musher-Eizenman DR. Retrospective reports of childhood feeding in mother-daughter dyads. Appetite 2020; 149:104613. [PMID: 31987877 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant research has linked parents' feeding practices to children's eating habits. However, much less is known about how childhood feeding relates to longer-term outcomes such as eating in adulthood. The current study uses retrospective reports from mother-daughter dyads (N = 217) to compare childhood feeding practices and to examine how recalled feeding is related to current eating (emotional eating, intuitive eating, unrestrained eating) and body mass index (BMI) in adult daughters. Mothers and daughters completed the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), subscales from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Intuitive Eating Scale. Results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated that mothers and daughters largely had similar factor structures on retrospective reports, with factor loadings varying on four of twelve original CFPQ subscales: monitoring, restriction for health, child control, and modelling. Paired samples t-tests examined mean differences between mother and daughter reports on each subscale; there was no significant difference between mother and daughter reports on six of the 11 scales. Daughters reported significantly higher levels of pressure to eat; mothers reported significantly higher levels of healthy practices, child control, involvement, and unhealthy environment than their daughters recalled. Hierarchical regressions revealed that daughters' reports of specific childhood feeding practices accounted for significant change in unadjusted variance for uncontrolled eating (18.8%), emotional eating (13.1%), intuitive eating (14.7%), and BMI (16.1%). Similarly, regressions revealed that mothers' reports of childhood feeding practices accounted for significant change in unadjusted variance for emotional eating (11.5%) and BMI (11.2%), but not uncontrolled or intuitive eating. Collectively, results lend strong support to the use of retrospective reports on childhood feeding and provide evidence that recalled childhood feeding practices have lasting relations with adult eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey T Roberts
- Bowling Green State University, 822 East Merry Street, Psychology Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Noémie Carbonneau
- Département de Psychologie, UQTR, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Lynnel C Goodman
- Bowling Green State University, 822 East Merry Street, Psychology Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Dara R Musher-Eizenman
- Bowling Green State University, 822 East Merry Street, Psychology Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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23
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Reisz S, Aviles AI, Messina S, Duschinsky R, Jacobvitz D, Hazen N. Fathers' attachment representations and infant feeding practices. Appetite 2019; 142:104374. [PMID: 31344420 PMCID: PMC6706278 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how fathers' adult attachment representations, assessed before the birth of their first child, predict feeding practices with their 8-month-old infants. Fathers have been underrepresented in child feeding research, particularly in longitudinal and observational studies. Feeding is a key parenting task of infancy and a growing number of studies have begun to explore the connection between attachment and parental feeding practices and behavior, revealing a clear link between mothers' adult attachment and how they feed their children. This is the first longitudinal examination of attachment as a prenatal predictor of fathers' infant feeding behavior. Participants were 118 first-time fathers and their infants. Adult Attachment Interviews were conducted in the third trimester of pregnancy, and father-infant feeding interactions were observed at home when the infant was 8-months-old. Videotaped feedings were coded using Chatoor's Feeding Scale (1997). Compared to other fathers, (1) those with secure attachment representations were more attuned to their infants during feeding, (2) those with dismissing representations were less attuned, and (3) those with unresolved trauma displayed more controlling behaviors. Fathers were more controlling with their sons than their daughters across all attachment representations. Study results suggest that father's infant feeding behaviors may influence by their own attachment representations. The links to fathers' controlling feeding practices are noteworthy because of the negative implications controlling parental feeding practices can have on child outcomes. The prediction of paternal feeding behaviors from assessments conducted prenatally has important intervention implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reisz
- University of Cambridge, Public Health & Primary Care, UK.
| | - Ashleigh I Aviles
- University of Texas at Austin, Human Development & Family Sciences, USA
| | - Serena Messina
- University of Texas at Austin, Human Development & Family Sciences, USA
| | | | - Deborah Jacobvitz
- University of Texas at Austin, Human Development & Family Sciences, USA
| | - Nancy Hazen
- University of Texas at Austin, Human Development & Family Sciences, USA
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24
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Thompson AL, Wasser H, Bentley ME. Validation of the Infant Feeding Beliefs Questionnaire (IFBQ) among pregnant African- American women and their study partners. Appetite 2019; 141:104316. [PMID: 31181249 PMCID: PMC6629505 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal feeding beliefs and practices have been associated with weight gain in infants and young children. Less work examines feeding beliefs prenatally or the feeding beliefs of other non-maternal caregivers (NMCs) who play important roles in infant feeding. This study validates a scale, the Infant Feeding Beliefs Questionnaire (IFBQ), to assess feeding beliefs during pregnancy among African-American women and other caregivers and tests whether the resulting belief constructs (laissez-faire, restrictive, responsive, pressuring and indulgent) are associated with maternal and NMC characteristics. Data come from 429 pregnant women and 374 NMCs including fathers, grandmothers and other family and friends enrolled in the baseline 28-week gestation visit of the Mothers and Others Study, a family-based, randomized control trial to support healthy infant feeding and prevent obesity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the fit of four a priori feeding constructs. Models were modified iteratively in mothers and then separately tested in the NMCs sample. Construct scores were created by averaging the remaining items and scale reliability was assessed. External validity was tested using bivariate and multivariable regression models. We validated five feeding belief constructs, measured through 8 sub-constructs. Reliability coefficients ranged from 0.58 for laissez faire to 0.76 for pressuring. Goodness of fit indices for CFA models indicated good fit with CFIs from 0.97 to 0.99 and RMSEA from 0.00 to 0.06. Construct scores differed significantly by depressive symptoms, obesity, education, income, and previous children in mothers and NMCs. The IFBQ may be used among mothers and NMCs to assess feeding beliefs beginning in the prenatal period, providing a tool to assess the longitudinal development of feeding beliefs and to highlight avenues for intervention on feeding practices during a critical period for behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 301 Alumni Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Heather Wasser
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Margaret E Bentley
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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25
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Hollister BM, Yaremych HE, Goldring MR, Persky S. Mothers' and fathers' cognitive and affective responses to epigenetics concepts. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz021. [PMID: 33244405 PMCID: PMC6875654 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of epigenetics present new opportunities to improve children's health through the counseling of parents about epigenetics concepts. However, it is important to first evaluate how parents respond to this type of information and determine the consequences of educating parents about epigenetics. We have taken an initial step toward this goal by assessing parental responses to an epigenetics learning module. Parents (n = 190, 126 mothers) responded to pre- and post-module survey questions. Prior to the module, parents reported that mothers' lifestyles prior to conception were more important for children's health than fathers' lifestyles prior to conception (t = 4.49, df = 316.5, P < 0.0001). However, after the module, there was no difference between ratings of the importance of mothers' and fathers' preconception lifestyles (t = 1.18, df = 319.8, P = NS). Furthermore, after viewing the module, parents increased their ratings of the importance of both mothers' (t = -5.65, df = 294.8, P < 0.0001) and father's (t = -9.01, df = 287.2, P < 0.0001) preconception lifestyles for child health. After viewing the module, most parents reported feelings of guilt and negativity regarding epigenetics (78 and 55%, respectively). When compared with lean parents, parents with overweight more often reported feelings of guilt (χ 2 =10.27, P = 0.001). This work represents an important first step in evaluating parental responses to epigenetics concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Hollister
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley E Yaremych
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan R Goldring
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Schnettler B, Rojas J, Grunert KG, Lobos G, Miranda-Zapata E, Lapo M, Hueche C. Family and food variables that influence life satisfaction of mother-father-adolescent triads in a South American country. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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de Souza Rezende P, Bellotto de Moraes DE, Mais LA, Warkentin S, Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei J. Maternal pressure to eat: Associations with maternal and child characteristics among 2-to 8-year-olds in Brazil. Appetite 2019; 133:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fisberg M. Editorial: Feeding Difficulties in Children and Adolescents. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 29780791 PMCID: PMC5946027 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fisberg
- Feeding Difficulties Center, Pensi Institute, Jose Luiz Setubal Foundation, Sabará Children's Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jansen E, Harris HA, Mallan KM, Daniels L, Thorpe K. Measurement invariance of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire-28 among a community of socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers and fathers. Appetite 2018; 120:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Arlinghaus KR, Johnston CA. Engaging Fathers in the Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors. Am J Lifestyle Med 2017; 11:216-219. [PMID: 30202333 PMCID: PMC6125089 DOI: 10.1177/1559827617690724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental engagement is an important component in lifestyle behavior change interventions for children as parents are uniquely positioned to establish a healthy environment and model healthy eating and physical activity habits for their children. Despite both mothers and fathers being important agents of behavioral change for their children, fathers are typically underrepresented in programming interventions. Physical activity may be an important strategy for fathers to become involved in lifestyle change with their children as, compared to mothers, fathers traditionally tend to be comfortable engaging in physical activity with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Khandpur N, Charles J, Davison KK. Fathers' Perspectives on Coparenting in the Context of Child Feeding. Child Obes 2016; 12:455-462. [PMID: 27636332 PMCID: PMC6445205 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a diverse sample of fathers, this study examined coparenting dynamics specific to (1) how fathers managed responsibilities for food parenting with the child's mother and (2) the extent to which their food parenting practices were co-operative versus conflicting with those of the mother. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 fathers (38 ± 9.1 years) using a piloted interview guide. Interview questions focused on the division of responsibility in food parenting practices, experiences of consistent versus conflicting practices, and the source and consequences of conflicting practices. The data were analyzed in QSR NVivo 10 using thematic analysis. RESULTS Sixty-two percent (N = 23) of fathers reported sharing food parenting responsibilities with the child's mother. Among the remaining fathers, approximately half reported being solely responsible for food parenting (N = 6) and half reported that the mother was solely responsible (N = 8). Fathers reported using a variety of approaches to manage planning, procuring, and preparing food with mothers. Cooperative food parenting practices were reported by approximately half of the fathers in this sample. A large percentage of fathers (40%) also reported instances of conflicting food parenting practices. Conflicting practices typically focused on access to energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks and introducing variety into the diet. Dissimilarities in practices were driven by differences in parental eating habits, feeding philosophies, and concern for child health, and often resulted in child tantrums or refusal to eat. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies potential sources of inconsistencies in components of coparenting that would be important to address in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Jo Charles
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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Sibling eating behaviours and parental feeding practices with siblings: similar or different? Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2415-23. [PMID: 27122059 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about whether siblings have similar or different eating behaviours or whether parents tailor their feeding practices to different siblings. The main objectives of the present study were to examine similarities and differences in child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices with siblings and to determine whether child eating behaviours and parental feeding practices differ depending on sibling concordant (i.e. both siblings overweight or healthy weight) or discordant (i.e. one sibling overweight and one sibling healthy weight) weight status. DESIGN Cross-sectional, mixed-methods study. SETTING In-home visits were conducted by research staff. Surveys were conducted with parents and anthropometry was collected on parents and siblings. SUBJECTS Children (n 88) aged 6-12 years (mean age 9 (sd 2) years), their parents (mean age 34 (sd 7) years) and near-age siblings (mean age 9 (sd 4) years) from diverse racial/ethnic and low-income households participated. RESULTS Results indicated that siblings with higher BMI engaged in higher levels of emotional eating compared with siblings with lower BMI. Additionally, results indicated that when families had sibling dyads discordant on weight status, the sibling who was overweight had higher food enjoyment and lower levels of food satiety. Additionally, within siblings with discordant weight status, parents were more likely to use restrictive feeding practices with the overweight sibling and pressure-to-eat and encouragement-to-eat feeding practices with the healthy-weight sibling. CONCLUSIONS Family-based childhood obesity interventions may need to assess for sibling weight status when researching the home environment and intervene with parents to avoid using restriction or pressure-to-eat feeding practices when siblings are discordant on weight status.
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Eating Behaviours of Preadolescent Children over Time: Stability, Continuity and the Moderating Role of Perceived Parental Feeding Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:437. [PMID: 27104552 PMCID: PMC4847099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The links between childhood eating behaviours and parental feeding practices are well-established in younger children, but there is a lack of research examining these variables in a preadolescent age group, particularly from the child's perspective, and longitudinally. This study firstly aimed to examine the continuity and stability of preadolescent perceptions of their parents' controlling feeding practices (pressure to eat and restriction) over a 12 month period. The second aim was to explore if perceptions of parental feeding practices moderated the relationship between preadolescents' eating behaviours longitudinally. Two hundred and twenty nine preadolescents (mean age at recruitment 8.73 years) completed questionnaires assessing their eating behaviours and their perceptions of parental feeding practices at two time points, 12 months apart (T1 and T2). Preadolescents' perceptions of their parental feeding practices remained stable. Perceptions of restriction and pressure to eat were continuous. Perceptions of parental pressure to eat and restriction significantly moderated the relationships between eating behaviours at T1 and T2. The findings from this study suggest that in a preadolescent population, perceptions of parental pressure to eat and restriction of food may exacerbate the development of problematic eating behaviours.
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Khandpur N, Charles J, Blaine RE, Blake C, Davison K. Diversity in fathers' food parenting practices: A qualitative exploration within a heterogeneous sample. Appetite 2016; 101:134-45. [PMID: 26930383 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food parenting practices (FPPs) are important in shaping children's dietary behaviors. However, existing FPP knowledge is largely based on research with mothers. PURPOSE This study (1) identified fathers' FPPs; (2) described differences in FPP use by fathers' education and residential status. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 fathers (39 ± 9.1 years; 37.5% non-residential; 40% ≥college education). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. NVivo 10 was used for theme detection, categorization and classification using inductive and deductive approaches. FPPs were identified and their relative distribution was examined across education and residential status. RESULTS Twenty FPPs were identified - 13 responsive practices and 7 unresponsive practices. Having food rules was the most common responsive FPP (81.5%), followed by feeding on schedule (60%) and making healthy food accessible (60%). Common unresponsive FPPs were letting child dictate preferences (70%), incentivizing food consumption (60%) and pressuring the child to eat (35%). Compared to fathers with a college education, more fathers without a college education reported letting child dictate preferences (92% vs. 37%), educating their children about food (37% vs 12%), fewer reported feeding on schedule (50% vs. 75%), modeling healthy practices (29% vs. 50%), and using distraction to feed (4% vs. 37%). Compared to residential fathers, more non-residential fathers monitored (60% vs. 40%) or encouraged (60% vs. 36%) child food intake and let child dictate preferences (87% vs. 60%). CONCLUSIONS Fathers used an extensive variety of FPPs, similar to those identified in mothers. Further study on the influence of fathers' education and residential status on FPP use is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Khandpur
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jo Charles
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel E Blaine
- California State University, Long Beach, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Christine Blake
- University of South Carolina, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kirsten Davison
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Vaughn AE, Ward DS, Fisher JO, Faith MS, Hughes SO, Kremers SPJ, Musher-Eizenman DR, O'Connor TM, Patrick H, Power TG. Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices: a content map to guide future research. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:98-117. [PMID: 26724487 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although research shows that "food parenting practices" can impact children's diet and eating habits, current understanding of the impact of specific practices has been limited by inconsistencies in terminology and definitions. This article represents a critical appraisal of food parenting practices, including clear terminology and definitions, by a working group of content experts. The result of this effort was the development of a content map for future research that presents 3 overarching, higher-order food parenting constructs--coercive control, structure, and autonomy support--as well as specific practice subconstructs. Coercive control includes restriction, pressure to eat, threats and bribes, and using food to control negative emotions. Structure includes rules and limits, limited/guided choices, monitoring, meal- and snacktime routines, modeling, food availability and accessibility, food preparation, and unstructured practices. Autonomy support includes nutrition education, child involvement, encouragement, praise, reasoning, and negotiation. Literature on each construct is reviewed, and directions for future research are offered. Clear terminology and definitions should facilitate cross-study comparisons and minimize conflicting findings resulting from previous discrepancies in construct operationalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - Dianne S Ward
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Myles S Faith
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Dara R Musher-Eizenman
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Heather Patrick
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas G Power
- A.E. Vaughn and D.S. Ward are with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. D.S. Ward is with the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. J.O. Fisher is with the Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. M.S. Faith is with the Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA. S.O. Hughes and T.M. O'Connor are with the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. S.P.J. Kremers is with the Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. D.R. Musher-Eizenman is with the Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA. H. Patrick is with LiveHealthier, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA. T.G. Power is with the Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Ellis JM, Galloway AT, Webb RM, Martz DM, Farrow CV. Recollections of pressure to eat during childhood, but not picky eating, predict young adult eating behavior. Appetite 2015; 97:58-63. [PMID: 26593103 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Picky eating is a childhood behavior that vexes many parents and is a symptom in the newer diagnosis of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in adults. Pressure to eat, a parental controlling feeding practice aimed at encouraging a child to eat more, is associated with picky eating and a number of other childhood eating concerns. Low intuitive eating, an insensitivity to internal hunger and satiety cues, is also associated with a number of problem eating behaviors in adulthood. Whether picky eating and pressure to eat are predictive of young adult eating behavior is relatively unstudied. Current adult intuitive eating and disordered eating behaviors were self-reported by 170 college students, along with childhood picky eating and pressure through retrospective self- and parent reports. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that childhood parental pressure to eat, but not picky eating, predicted intuitive eating and disordered eating symptoms in college students. These findings suggest that parental pressure in childhood is associated with problematic eating patterns in young adulthood. Additional research is needed to understand the extent to which parental pressure is a reaction to or perhaps compounds the development of problematic eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Ellis
- Appalachian State University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 32109, 222 Joyce Lawrence Ln. Boone, NC, 28608, United States.
| | - Amy T Galloway
- Appalachian State University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 32109, 222 Joyce Lawrence Ln. Boone, NC, 28608, United States.
| | - Rose Mary Webb
- Appalachian State University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 32109, 222 Joyce Lawrence Ln. Boone, NC, 28608, United States.
| | - Denise M Martz
- Appalachian State University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 32109, 222 Joyce Lawrence Ln. Boone, NC, 28608, United States.
| | - Claire V Farrow
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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Do LM, Eriksson B, Tran TK, Petzold M, Ascher H. Feeding of preschool children in Vietnam: a study of parents’ practices and associated factors. BMC Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Wendt V, Bergmann S, Herfurth-Majstorovic K, Keitel-Korndörfer A, von Klitzing K, Klein AM. Parent-child interaction during feeding or joint eating in parents of different weights. Eat Behav 2015; 18:131-6. [PMID: 26051882 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates parent-child interaction during feeding or during joint eating, and aimed to explore differences in feeding interactions between mothers and fathers, as well as between overweight, obese and not overweight parents. 148 mothers and 148 fathers with children aged between 7 and 47months were observed during feeding of or joint eating with their child in the laboratory. The videotaped mother-child and father-child dyads were coded using the Chatoor Feeding Scale. This scale consists of 5 subscales: Dyadic Reciprocity, Dyadic Conflict, Talk and Distraction during Feeding, Struggle for Control, and Non-Contingency. Compared to mothers, fathers showed higher readings on the Talk and Distraction scale; in all other subscales no differences were found. The comparison between overweight, obese and not overweight mother-child dyads revealed no significant differences. Differences in father-child dyads between overweight, obese and not overweight fathers were identified in the subscale Struggle for Control: overweight fathers were marked by a higher amount of Struggle for Control than obese and not overweight fathers. Taken together, differences found in the present observational study are small to moderate, and thus the current results support extant literature demonstrating that there are no differences in feeding behaviour between mothers and fathers or between obese and non-obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wendt
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Bergmann
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Herfurth-Majstorovic
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Keitel-Korndörfer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette M Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Alm S, Olsen SO, Honkanen P. The role of family communication and parents' feeding practices in children's food preferences. Appetite 2015; 89:112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gevers DW, van Assema P, Sleddens EF, de Vries NK, Kremers SP. Associations between general parenting, restrictive snacking rules, and adolescent's snack intake. The roles of fathers and mothers and interparental congruence. Appetite 2015; 87:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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