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Haneberg J, Molin M, Gjeitung Byfuglien M, Garnweidner-Holme L. Vegetarians' and vegans' experiences with and attitudes towards ultra-processed foods (UPF): a qualitative study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:121. [PMID: 39267198 PMCID: PMC11396134 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is increasing in many countries. Simultaneously, there is a growing number of consumers that follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, many due to its possible positive impact on sustainability and food waste. However, little is known about attitudes towards and experiences with UPF among vegetarians and vegans. Thus, this study investigates vegetarians' and vegans' experiences with and attitudes towards UPFs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 14 participants between September and December 2021. The participants were from different areas in Norway. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. RESULTS In general, participants appeared to have diverse knowledge of and divergent attitudes towards UPFs. However, participants mainly associated substitute products (e.g. meat substitutes, dairy substitutes) as UPFs. They appreciated the increased availability of vegetarian and vegan UPF which made it easier for them to follow a plant-based diet. They enjoyed the taste and consistency of vegetarian and vegan UPF. However, participants expressed concerns about the effects that industrial processing has on the products' nutritional content. CONCLUSION This study indicated that there was a diverse knowledge of and various attitudes towards UPFs among the participating vegetarians and vegans. Public information and guidelines about using UPF (e.g. meat substitutes, dairy substitutes) in vegetarian and vegan diets are needed, as well as information about their possible impact on health and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Haneberg
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
| | - Marianne Molin
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190 Sentrum, Oslo, PB, 0107, Norway
| | | | - Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, Oslo, 0130, Norway.
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2
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Pettersson J, Post A, Elf M, Wollmar M, Sjöberg A. Meat substitutes in Swedish school meals: nutritional quality, ingredients, and insights from meal planners. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39229696 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2395810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
This study provides an overview of the ingredients, origin, processing level, nutritional quality and practitioners' insights of commonly used meat substitutes in Swedish school meals. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this study evaluated 59 meat substitutes from 19 brands using Percentage Nutrient Contribution (%NC) to a Swedish school meal based on 30% of the recommended and maximum nutrient intake for teenagers and the NOVA processing framework. Meat substitutes were mince, balls, breaded, burgers, strips, or sausages. Interviews with meal planners (n = 7) revealed experiences with meat substitutes in schools. Most meat substitutes (86%) were classified as ultra-processed foods, with low contributions to saturated fat and free sugars, but high contributions to fibre and salt intakes. Limited micronutrient data suggested significant contributions of potassium, folate, and iron. Meal planners chose meat substitutes for climate reasons, familiarity, and acceptability. Meat substitutes have potential, but processing effects, bioavailability and fortification require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Pettersson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Post
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maja Elf
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mari Wollmar
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Pellinen T, Jallinoja P, Erkkola M, Pajari AM. Perceptions of three diets varying in animal- and plant-based protein contents: Analysis of participant experience diaries. Appetite 2024; 200:107538. [PMID: 38838916 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The market for new plant protein-based meat substitutes is expanding, although their consumption remains limited compared to animal-based protein sources. Further research is necessary to comprehend the perceptions of diets in which animal-based protein sources are partially replaced with plant proteins. This qualitative study is part of an intervention trial, during which participants adhered to one of the three intervention diets for 12 weeks: the ANIMAL diet (70% animal-based protein/30% plant-based protein), the 50/50 diet (50% animal/50% plant) or the PLANT diet (30% animal/70% plant). The dataset comprises 79 experience diaries from healthy participants aged 23 to 69. The study investigated perceptions of intervention diets, the meat protein (MPPs) and the plant protein products (PPPs) included in the intervention and self-reported changes in perceptions during the intervention period. These perceptions were categorized into eight themes: body-related experiences, practicalities and everyday life, sensory properties, social situations and special occasions, familiarity and novelty, health, ethical aspects, and non-specific liking. Across the diets, body-related experiences were the most frequently mentioned theme. The ANIMAL diet received more negative than positive comments. In contrast, comments on the 50/50 diet were relatively balanced between positive and negative, and the PLANT diet received more positive comments than negative ones. The PPPs were commented on in a positive way more often than the MPPs were. With consistent exposure, participants reported more positive than negative changes in perceptions. However, there is still room for improvement in enhancing the sensory quality and ease of food preparation of PPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Pellinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2), FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Piia Jallinoja
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Kalevantie 4, FI-33014, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2), FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2), FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Jiang X, Chen X, Wu L. Chinese consumers' valuation for prepared plant-based meat products: Does environmental information matter? J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39098815 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in innovative nonanimal protein-prepared foods, knowledge about consumer demand for these newly prepared foods and their potential scope in the market could be improved. This study reports the results of a discrete choice experiment on consumers' (n = 1245) willingness to pay (WTP) for prepared plant-based meat (PPBM) in the context of Chinese food culture. Consumers were randomly assigned to a treated group with additional environmental information about PPBM. The estimation results of the random parameter logit model showed that when environmental information was provided, consumer preferences and WTP for frozen meatballs with mixed meat (beef-based and soy protein-based meat) and PBM (pure soy protein-based meat) significantly increased. However, their preference and WTP for food quality and safety attributes of meatballs decreased. Simultaneously, the availability of information reveals the heterogeneity of preferences. This study found that positive WTP for PPBM was limited to consumers with a low degree of food technology neophobia (FTN) and that consumers with a high degree of FTN may avoid purchasing meatballs made from PBM. In contrast, consumers with a higher time preference (i.e., impatient consumers) were likelier to pay for PPBM meatballs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: PPBM is especially valuable in developing innovative nonanimal protein-prepared foods, and China has the potential to become the largest PPBM food market. Understanding consumers' preference for PPBM products and the impact of information provision on their WTP will assist food companies in devising suitable strategies for the development of new PPBM products. The findings of this study provide targeted market insights for the food industry to help guide the development of plant-based meat products more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhai Wu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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5
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da Silva VT, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Fernandes A. Plant-Based Meat Analogues: Exploring Proteins, Fibers and Polyphenolic Compounds as Functional Ingredients for Future Food Solutions. Foods 2024; 13:2303. [PMID: 39063388 PMCID: PMC11275277 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the lack of resources required to meet the demands of a growing population is increasingly evident, plant-based diets can be seen as part of the solution, also addressing ethical, environmental, and health concerns. The rise of vegetarian and vegan food regimes is a powerful catalyzer of a transition from animal-based diets to plant-based diets, which foments the need for innovation within the food industry. Vegetables and fruits are a rich source of protein, and bioactive compounds such as dietary fibres and polyphenols and can be used as technological ingredients (e.g., thickening agents, emulsifiers, or colouring agents), while providing health benefits. This review provides insight on the potential of plant-based ingredients as a source of alternative proteins, dietary fibres and antioxidant compounds, and their use for the development of food- and alternative plant-based products. The application of these ingredients on meat analogues and their impact on health, the environment and consumers' acceptance are discussed. Given the current knowledge on meat analogue production, factors like cost, production and texturization techniques, upscaling conditions, sensory attributes and nutritional safety are factors that require further development to fully achieve the full potential of plant-based meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Trincão da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Giezenaar C, Orr RE, Godfrey AJR, Maggs R, Foster M, Hort J. Profiling the novel plant-based meat alternative category: Consumer affective and sensory response in the context of perceived similarity to meat. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114465. [PMID: 38823862 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) are increasingly popular and may contribute towards reduction of negative environmental impacts associated with the meat industry. Inferior sensory characteristics of PBMAs, compared to conventional meat products, remain a barrier for uptake of these products. This study aimed to profile a wide range of PBMAs for perceived similarity to meat, consumer liking, emotional response and sensory experience, and to determine consumer drivers of liking for this product category. Twenty-one PBMAs, spanning a broad range of product types (burger patties, sausages, meatball alternatives, chicken/beef pieces, bacon alternative, turkey roast alternative) and main protein ingredients (extruded plant proteins, tofu, or legumes/vegetables) representative of PBMAs available to Aotearoa New Zealand consumers, were tasted and evaluated by 140 Aotearoa New Zealand residents. Samples ranged widely in their perceived similarity to meat (median value range: 1.0-4.0 on a 5-point-scale) and overall liking ratings (mean ± SD, range: 35.1 ± 1.2--77.7 ± 17.4 on a 100-point hedonic scale). Overall liking ratings were driven mostly by liking for flavour, followed by texture, and less so by appearance. Sensorially, sample differentiation was mostly associated with variation in meat-related flavours and textures, or vegetable-related attributes. Notably meat flavour was the main driver of liking, and a very strong relationship (r = 0.92) was observed between perceived similarity to meat and overall sample liking ratings. Meat-like samples were also associated with positive emotional terms, whereas samples made from wholefoods were associated with negative emotional terms. Textural terms ('gluey/slimy', 'pasty/doughy') associated with wholefood products were also negative drivers for liking, and should be avoided in future PBMA products. In conclusion, the general population maintains a strong preference for PBMAs that are similar to meat, validating ongoing efforts to improve the meat-like properties of new and emerging products. PBMAs made from wholefoods require extensive product development to achieve consumer satisfaction across the category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giezenaar
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Rebekah E Orr
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan R Godfrey
- Statistics Group, School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Robyn Maggs
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- Edible Research Limited, Ohoka 7475, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Hort
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
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7
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Raptou E, Tsiami A, Negro G, Ghuriani V, Baweja P, Smaoui S, Varzakas T. Gen Z's Willingness to Adopt Plant-Based Diets: Empirical Evidence from Greece, India, and the UK. Foods 2024; 13:2076. [PMID: 38998582 PMCID: PMC11241807 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprising the largest population cohort on this planet, Gen Z presents a future-oriented consumer segment driven by climate change and food. This study sought to investigate Gen Z's perceptions toward plant-based foods and diets and explore the relationship that attitude components, meal preparation involvement, personal and lifestyle factors, and perceived barriers in adopting a plant-based diet have with willingness to adopt green-eating practices. Using cross-sectional data from university students in Greece, India, and the UK, various tools were employed to determine the factors influencing youths' consumer behavior toward animal-protein substitutes. PCA indicated the underlying dimensions of students' viewpoints on plant-based foods, whereas hierarchical and k-means clustering provided the cluster structure. An ordered probit model was estimated to delineate Gen Z's willingness to adopt plant-based diets and distinguish among mostly unwilling, somewhat willing, and mostly willing youths. Our findings identified two consumer segments, namely proponents and opponents of plant-based foods and diets, with statistically significant differences in the perceived health benefits of plant-based diets, attachment to animal-based proteins, perceived exclusion of animal-based foods, dissatisfaction with plant-based foods' attributes, and demand for ensuring adequate protein intake. The ordered probit model estimates showed that there is a "homogeneity" in the factors influencing youths' intention to adopt plant-based diets, with attitude components, meal preparation indicators, perceived barriers to eating "green", and personal factors, such as self-assessed knowledge of healthy eating and physical activity, being strongly associated with students' willingness to switch to plant-based diets in all three countries. Mapping potential obstacles and enablers in terms of shifting to more green-eating behaviors, our findings could add information to better understand the factors affecting food choice and youths' transition to a more sustainable lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raptou
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Amalia Tsiami
- London Geller College of Hospitality and Tourism, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | - Giulia Negro
- London Geller College of Hospitality and Tourism, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | - Veena Ghuriani
- Department of Computer Science, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Pooja Baweja
- Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymes Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax-Tunisia, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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8
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Baxter L, Dolan E, Frampton K, Richelle E, Stright A, Ritchie C, Moss R, McSweeney MB. Investigation into the Sensory Properties of Plant-Based Eggs, as Well as Acceptance, Emotional Response, and Use. Foods 2024; 13:1454. [PMID: 38790754 PMCID: PMC11119702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers have become interested in plant-based alternatives to animal-based products. One of the under-studied alternatives is plant-based eggs (PBEs). This research investigated PBEs relative to conventional eggs and tofu scramble-another plant-based alternative. Firstly, participants (n = 93) completed a word association task asking them about PBEs. Participants then evaluated the different food samples using hedonic scales, check-all-that-apply (CATA), and temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA), as well as identified their emotional response and proposed use for PBEs. Participants were interested in plant-based alternatives, including PBEs, but they were concerned about the sensory properties. When they evaluated the different samples, the flavour and texture of the PBEs were disliked in comparison to the eggs. This result may be due to the beany, bitterness, and off-flavour attributes associated with the PBEs. Participants also associated the PBEs with negative emotions. The liking of tofu scramble was not significantly different from the eggs, and the eggs and tofu scramble were mainly associated with positive emotions. During the TCATA evaluation, the participants focused on the flavour attributes of PBEs, while their evaluation of the eggs was dominated by the textural attributes. Whether following a plant-based diet or not, consumers are interested in PBEs, but the sensory properties of PBEs need to be improved before they are willing to adopt them into their diet. This study is one of the first to evaluate the sensory properties of PBEs, as well as consumers' emotional response to them and their attitudes about PBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew B. McSweeney
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada; (L.B.); (E.D.); (K.F.); (E.R.); (A.S.); (C.R.); (R.M.)
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9
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Milford AB, Muiruri SW. The impact of consumers' preferences for domestic food on dietary sustainability. Appetite 2024; 195:107206. [PMID: 38224838 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A sustainable dietary transition requires knowledge of the drivers and barriers of dietary choices. We investigate the role of preferences for domestic food, as well as environmental and health concerns, as drivers for the consumption of red and white meat, fish, ready-made plant-based food products and self-identification as some type of meat reducer (flexitarian, vegetarian, or vegan). A survey of 1102 consumers was conducted in Norway with questions about food attitudes, beliefs and preferences regarding health, the environment and domestic food as well as dietary habits and demographics. The results from interval and logistic regression analyses show that stronger preferences for domestic food are associated with higher consumption of red meat and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food and identifying as a meat reducer. Health concerns are associated with higher consumption of white meat and fish, and environmental concern is associated with lower consumption of white meat and a higher likelihood of eating plant-based food. The results also confirm previous research results that disbelief regarding the negative health and environmental impacts of meat correlate with higher meat consumption and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food. In addition, we find that people who believe that Norway is a country primarily suited for livestock production have higher consumption of meat and a lower likelihood of eating plant-based food. We conclude that to make certain consumers transition away from meat, it is important to provide domestically produced, plant-based alternatives and to implement policy measures that will generate positive storylines of improved farmer livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Birgitte Milford
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sarah Wangui Muiruri
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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10
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Siddiqui SA, Bhowmik S, Afreen M, Ucak İ, Ikram A, Gerini F, Mehdizadeh M, Ayivi RD, Castro-Muñoz R. Bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers' behavior towards rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb meat: A comparative review. Nutrition 2024; 119:112305. [PMID: 38199031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In bodybuilders' diets, protein plays a crucial role in supporting muscle growth and repairing damaged muscle tissue. These individuals meet their protein needs by combining dietary sources with supplements. Animal-based proteins are often preferred over plant-based proteins because they are believed to better support muscle protein synthesis. This review explores the meat consumption patterns of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, focusing on rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb. We describe and compare the types of meat bodybuilders commonly consume and provide an overview of protein supplements, including meat-based options, plant-based alternatives, and whey-based products. Our aim is to gain insight into the dietary preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, considering their nutritional requirements and the potential effect on the meat industry. We conducted an extensive search across various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We found that individual choices vary based on factors such as attitudes, trust, taste, texture, nutritional content, ethical considerations, and cultural influences. Nutritional factors, including protein content, amino acid profiles, and fat levels, significantly influence the preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers. However, it is crucial to maintain a balance by incorporating other essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals to ensure a complete and balanced diet. The findings from this review can inform strategies and product development initiatives tailored to the needs of bodybuilders and discerning meat enthusiasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Maliha Afreen
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Production and Technologies Department, Niğde, Turkey
| | - İlknur Ucak
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Production and Technologies Department, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ali Ikram
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Francesca Gerini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Raphael D Ayivi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, 80 - 233, Gdansk, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Poland.
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11
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Jaeger SR, Dupas de Matos A, Frempomaa Oduro A, Hort J. Sensory characteristics of plant-based milk alternatives: Product characterisation by consumers and drivers of liking. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114093. [PMID: 38395562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Like other plant-based (PB) product categories, PB milk alternatives (PBMA) are in ascendency as part of the green consumer transition and a greater focus on personal health. However, consumption remains far below that for cow's milk, and among multiple barriers to uptake, inferior sensory properties is one problem, nutritional inadequacies another. While exceptions exist in both instances, a general need for improved products remains. The present research is situated in this nexus, and its primary aim was to contribute new consumer-centric insight regarding the sensory drivers of liking/disliking in the PBMA category. This was achieved through a central location study with adult New Zealanders (n = 143, not regular PBMA consumers) who tasted 18 different PBMA samples spanning a broad range of PB ingredients (soy, oat, coconut, almond, rice, cashew, peanut, macadamia, lentil, hemp, sesame) in different product types (single PB source, blends, barista style) with varying nutritional profiles. The most liked sample (6.5/9), which was made from soy, had the nutritional profile that most approximated cow's milk (3 g/100 mL protein), as well as a milky appearance and taste. Its mouthfeel was smooth, and this sensory characteristic was also paramount for barista-style PBMAs being well-liked (>5.9/9) regardless of their constituent PB ingredient (oat, almond, coconut). Opportunities for product innovation within this type of PBMA was identified including for using barista-style beyond hot beverages, as these samples received positive liking scores on average. The same applied to blends as multiple-source PBMAs can facilitate improved nutritional composition, and significant scope seemed to exist to identify more liked vs less liked PB ingredient combinations (e.g., almond/rice vs coconut/sesame). By identifying, through penalty/lift analysis that positive sensory drivers of PBMA liking span all sensory modalities (appearance, taste, flavour, texture and mouthfeel), it becomes easier to appreciate that products in this category are complex and challenging to optimise. A second minor research aim was focused on the modulating influence of PBMA consumption frequency on product liking and the sensory drivers of liking. The key result was a positive association between liking and higher consumption frequency, and greater appreciation of sweet, coconut, nutty and cereal/oaty characteristics of PBMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Jaeger
- Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Amanda Dupas de Matos
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ama Frempomaa Oduro
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Hort
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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12
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Pennanen K, Malila RM, Luomala HT. Is it me or others who matter? The interplay between consumer values vis-à-vis status and affiliation motives as shapers of meat alternative interest. Appetite 2024; 192:107114. [PMID: 37926395 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is about the role of consumers' personal values (Self-enhancement, Openness to change, Self-transcendence, and Conservation) in consumers' interest towards meat alternatives. In addition, the underlying role of two social motives, status and group affiliation are analysed. A conceptual model with hypotheses was developed and validated, and the hypotheses were tested through PLS-SEM with data from four European countries (Finland, the UK, Germany, and Sweden, total N = 3600). The results show that self-focused personal values (Self-enhancement and Openness to change) are not associated with consumers' interest towards meat alternatives. The case is different with other-focused values. Self-transcendence had a positive connection to interest while Conservation had a negative relationship. Finally, the data suggest an underlying role of social motive status between Self-enhancement and interest and the same for group affiliation between Self-transcendence and Conservation and interest. Based on the results, strategies to support meat alternative adoption such as value activation through priming, cognition and emotion-driven marketing are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyösti Pennanen
- University of Vaasa, School of Marketing and Communication, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland.
| | - Roosa-Maaria Malila
- University of Vaasa, School of Marketing and Communication, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland.
| | - Harri T Luomala
- University of Vaasa, School of Marketing and Communication, Finland.
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13
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Freeman NS, Turner JM. In the "Plant-Based" Era, Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Should Focus on Eating Healthy. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:4-10. [PMID: 37648119 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of plant-based diets, it is important for Nephrology providers to know the evidence regarding their healthfulness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A whole food, plant-based diet, which emphasizes fresh, minimally processed or refined plant-based foods and limits animal products, has shown benefits for patients with CKD. These include reduced dietary acid load, lower bioavailability of potassium and phosphorus, increased dietary fiber intake, nutritional adequacy, and cardiovascular and mortality benefits. Potential drawbacks include the need for specific knowledge, skills, and cost involved in preparing varied, healthy, and appetizing plant-based meals, leading to lower acceptability and accessibility to certain populations. Liberalization of the standard CKD diet to include healthy, minimally processed foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains is likely beneficial, though more research is needed to determine whether a plant-based-only diet is the optimal way to achieve healthier eating in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Jeffrey M Turner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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14
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Aaslyng MD, Dam AB, Petersen IL, Christoffersen T. Protein content and amino acid composition in the diet of Danish vegans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:131. [PMID: 37968717 PMCID: PMC10647079 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing proportion of the population are replacing their dietary animal protein with plant protein. A particular example of this trend is the vegan diet, which excludes all food items of animal origin. However, the DIAAS score for individual plant proteins is generally lower than that of animal proteins due to an unbalanced amino acid composition and lower bioavailability. Care must therefore be taken to meet the nutritional recommendations in the daily food intake. METHODS A three-day dietary food record was carried out by 40 Danish vegans in a cross-sectional study. The data were analysed, with particular emphasis on protein requirements and the essential amino acid composition of the diet. RESULTS The protein recommendations were met on all three days by 60% of the participants. In contrast, 18% did not meet the protein recommendations on any of the three days and 7% met the recommendations on only one of the days. Lysine was the most limiting amino acid (only 50% met the recommendations every day) followed by the sulphur-containing amino acids (recommendations met by 67.5%), leucine and valine (recommendations met by 70%). Combining both the amount of protein and the intake of the essential amino acids showed that less than half of the participants met the recommendations on all three days (47.5%) and 35% did not meet the recommendations on any days or on one day only. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed that many of the participants in the present study failed to meet the daily protein intake requirements, both on single days and on all three days. Furthermore, the food intake was found to have an inadequate amino acid composition and was particularly limited by the essential amino acids lysine, the sulphur-containing amino acids, and leucine and valine. This could be ascribed to the fact that only a limited number of protein sources were consumed during a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit D Aaslyng
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark.
| | - Astrid Bøgebjerg Dam
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Tenna Christoffersen
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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15
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Landaeta-Díaz L, Durán-Agüero S, González-Medina G. Exploring food intake networks and anhedonia symptoms in a Chilean Adults sample. Appetite 2023; 190:107042. [PMID: 37704006 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION high-calorie and sugar-sweetened food is considered more pleasant food. People with anhedonia symptoms have difficulties experiencing pleasure in daily activities. However, is still unclear if anhedonia symptomatology increases palatable food consumption in the Chilean Adults sample. OBJECTIVE to explore food networks in the Chilean Adults sample and in people with anhedonia symptom. METHODS the sample was recruited through digital platforms. Pregnant or lactating women and subjects under pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy were excluded. A total of 1242 subjects, 76.6% women, with a mean age of 30.7 (SD 9.3) and who were highly educated, participated in the study. Data were collected through an online survey. A questionnaire on food consumption based on daily and weekly frequency was used, as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale to measure anhedonia symptoms. We employed the Gaussian graph model (GGM) to analyze food consumption as networks. We started with the total sample, and then we repeated the analysis on a subsample with anhedonia symptoms, and next on a subsample with exclusively food-related anhedonia. RESULTS in the total sample, a positive and strong relationship was observed between fruits and vegetables, as well as a negative association with the triad of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food. The network in anhedonic subjects shows that "pasta, rice & potatoes" and "bread" have a stronger association and a more central place in the network compared those without anhedonia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with anhedonia symptoms have a more central consumption of foods with a high or medium glycemic index compared to subjects without anhedonia symptoms, which could trigger the development of chronic diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile.
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Los Leones, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel González-Medina
- Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Ford H, Gould J, Danner L, Bastian SEP, Yang Q. "I guess it's quite trendy": A qualitative insight into young meat-eaters' sustainable food consumption habits and perceptions towards current and future protein alternatives. Appetite 2023; 190:107025. [PMID: 37696470 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
As the market for sustainable food continues to expand, there is a need to understand how consumers' consumption habits and perceptions are changing. Targeting the younger populations is of interest as they arguably will shape the future of food. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide in-depth consumer insights on a range of topics from current consumption habits (i.e., meat reduction, plant-based meat/seafood (PBM/S)), towards future protein alternatives (i.e., cell-based meat/seafood (CBM/S), precision fermented dairy (PFD)). Online focus groups were conducted in the UK with meat-eaters (n = 38) aged 18-34. Codebook thematic analysis was applied using the Framework Matrix as a tool for data analysis. Key themes were presented using the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation), which identified areas of behavioural change. Results found a trend towards meat reduction, partially initiated by moving away from home and limited food budgets. Overall, participants acknowledged the environmental impact of food, but a notable knowledge gap was apparent when quantifying the effect, especially for dairy and seafood. Compared to PBM, few participants had tried PBS products, partially due to lower availability and familiarity. Enablers for PBM/S included convenience, positive sensory experiences and the influence of others, whilst barriers related to negative health connotations and over-processing. For CBM/S and PFD, animal welfare, curiosity and optimised nutrition acted as enablers, whilst barriers related to wider consumer acceptance, affordability and unnaturalness. In general, participants felt changing food consumption habits can have an impact on climate change and were optimistic about novel technologies supporting future protein transitions. Increasing public understanding around the environmental impact of food, especially seafood and dairy, and prioritising the affordability of sustainable food are suggested as intervention strategies to encourage sustainable food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ford
- Sensory Science Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Joanne Gould
- Sensory Science Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Danner
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia; CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan E P Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Qian Yang
- Sensory Science Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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17
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Portel CDS, da Silva WP, Tavares Filho ER, Pagani MM, Pimentel TC, Mársico ET, de Freitas MQ, Cruz AGD, Esmerino EA. Are healthiness and pleasure dimensions perceived similarly by people with food addiction in Brazil? A case study using holistic sensory methodologies. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113206. [PMID: 37803534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the consumption of hyper-palatable ultra-processed foods and the process of addiction gains notoriety due to its relationship with obesity. Food addiction is a complex phenomenon intrinsically related to the individual's behavioral, emotional, and subjective aspects. Therefore, using classical approaches to sensory science may be insufficient to understand better the individual's sensory experience with hyper-palatable foods. In this context, sensory and consumer science techniques with holistic approaches have been aimed at accessing more subjective consumer perceptions. This study used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) to investigate the prevalence of food addiction and the Structured Projective Mapping (S-MP) and Sorting techniques to verify how individuals with and without food addiction perceive and understand different types of food. The prevalence of food addiction was 21.77% (n = 59 out of 271) and was associated with a higher BMI but not with sociodemographic aspects. Projective Mapping (RV = 0.937) and Sorting (RV = 0.934) indicated that perception in relation to attributes such as health and pleasure was similar for all investigated foods in individuals with or without food addiction. The presence of addictive eating behavior does not seem to be related to the way individuals perceive foods from different categories, for example, minimally or highly processed and hyper-palatable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Souto Portel
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Pires da Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Faculty of Veterinary, 24230-340 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elson Rogério Tavares Filho
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica Marques Pagani
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Food Engineering, 23897-001 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Colombo Pimentel
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraná, 87703-536 Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Eliane Teixeira Mársico
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Faculty of Veterinary, 24230-340 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica Queiroz de Freitas
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Faculty of Veterinary, 24230-340 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erick Almeida Esmerino
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Faculty of Veterinary, 24230-340 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Hansen A, Wethal U. 'It's just pølse': Convenient meat consumption and reduction in Norway. Appetite 2023; 188:106611. [PMID: 37295746 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Meat consumption and convenience food are both located at the heart of contemporary, industrialized, unhealthy and unsustainable food systems. In this article, we study the intersections between convenience food and 'meatification' of diets, focusing on the 'pølse'-an umbrella term including both hotdogs and a range of sausages-as the epitome of convenience food in Norway. We explore how the pølse is embedded in Norwegian food practices, and why it is considered convenient in different contexts. In doing so, we seek to explain how pølse eating is co-shaped by socio-material scripting processes that further entrench meat in food practices and complicate meat-reduction efforts. The analysis is based on 52 in-depth household interviews and autophotography in four geographical contexts in Norway, in addition to 22 park interviews and survey data centering on household food and meat practices. We use a theoretical apparatus combining social practice theory, foodscapes and socio-material scripts to analyse the conveniencization of pølse. The articles demonstrates how meat consumption and convenience food become entwined in specific social practices, and how conveniencization intersects with practices of care, notions of class, social expectations and normativity. Moreover, we show that despite the range of plant-based 'pølse' substitutes on offer, meat-eaters remain skeptical to its taste, and substitutes rather seem to offer a way into established social occasions for non-meat eaters than a way out of meat eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arve Hansen
- Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo, PB 1116, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrikke Wethal
- Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo, PB 1116, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Du Q, Tu M, Liu J, Ding Y, Zeng X, Pan D. Plant-based meat analogs and fat substitutes, structuring technology and protein digestion: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112959. [PMID: 37316007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an increasing trend in the consumption of meat analogs and fat substitutes due to the health hazards by excessive consumption of meat. Simulating the texture and mouthfeel of meat through structured plant-derived polymers has become a popular processing method. In this review, the mechanical structuring technology of plant polymers for completely replacing real meat is mainly introduced in this review, which mainly focuses on the parameters and principles of mechanical equipment for the production of vegan meat. The difference in composition between plant meat and real meat is mainly reflected in the protein, and particular attention should be paid to the digestive characteristics of plant meat protein in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the differences in the protein digestibility properties of meat analogs and real meat is discussed in this review, focusing primarily on protein digestibility and peptide/amino acid composition of mechanically structured vegan meats. In terms of fat substitutes for meat products, the types of plant polymer colloidal systems used for meat fat substitutes is comprehensively introduced, including emulsion, hydrogel and oleogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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20
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McClements IF, McClements DJ. Designing healthier plant-based foods: Fortification, digestion, and bioavailability. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112853. [PMID: 37254427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many consumers are incorporating more plant-based foods into their diets as a result of concerns about the environmental, ethical, and health impacts of animal sourced foods like meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Foods derived from animals negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. The livestock industry confines and slaughters billions of livestock animals each year. There are concerns about the negative impacts of some animal sourced foods, such as red meat and processed meat, on human health. The livestock industry is a major user of antibiotics, which is leading to a rise in the resistance of several pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. It is often assumed that a plant-based diet is healthier than one containing more animal sourced foods, but this is not necessarily the case. Eating more fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grain cereals has been linked to improved health outcomes but it is unclear whether next-generation plant-based foods, such as meat, seafood, egg, and dairy analogs are healthier than the products they are designed to replace. Many of these new products are highly processed foods that contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar, starch, and salt, and low levels of micronutrients, nutraceuticals, and dietary fibers. Moreover, they are often rapidly digested in the gastrointestinal tract because processing disrupts plant tissues and releases the macronutrients. Consequently, it is important to formulate plant-based foods to reduce the levels of nutrients linked to adverse health effects and increase the levels linked to beneficial health effects. Moreover, it is important to design the food matrix so that the macronutrients are not digested and absorbed too quickly, but the micronutrients are highly bioavailable. In this article, we discuss how next-generation plant-based foods can be made healthier by controlling their nutrient profile, digestibility, and bioavailability.
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21
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Understanding the consumption of plant-based meat alternatives and the role of health-related aspects. A study of the Italian market. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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22
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Moss R, LeBlanc J, Gorman M, Ritchie C, Duizer L, McSweeney MB. A Prospective Review of the Sensory Properties of Plant-Based Dairy and Meat Alternatives with a Focus on Texture. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081709. [PMID: 37107504 PMCID: PMC10137571 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers are interested in plant-based alternatives (PBAs) to dairy and meat products, and as such, the food industry is responding by developing a variety of different plant-based food items. For these products to be successful, their textural properties must be acceptable to consumers. These textural properties need to be thoroughly investigated using different sensory methodologies to ensure consumer satisfaction. This review paper aims to summarize the various textural properties of PBAs, as well as to discuss the sensory methodologies that can be used in future studies of PBAs. PBAs to meat have been formulated using a variety of production technologies, but these products still have textural properties that differ from animal-based products. Most dairy and meat alternatives attempt to mimic their conventional counterparts, yet sensory trials rarely compare the PBAs to their meat or dairy counterparts. While most studies rely on consumers to investigate the acceptability of their products' textural properties, future studies should include dynamic sensory methodologies, and attribute diagnostics questions to help product developers characterize the key sensory properties of their products. Studies should also indicate whether the product is meant to mimic a conventional product and should define the target consumer segment (ex. flexitarian, vegan) for the product. The importance of textural properties to PBAs is repeatedly mentioned in the literature and thus should be thoroughly investigated using robust sensory methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Moss
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada
| | - Jeanne LeBlanc
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Gorman
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada
| | - Christopher Ritchie
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada
| | - Lisa Duizer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON NQG 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew B McSweeney
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2K5, Canada
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23
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Pennanen K, Ollila S, Mamia P, Sihvonen J. Not just the motives - The mediating role of perceived health-related value when predicting likelihood of buying plant-based drinkable snacks. FUTURE FOODS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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24
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Cardello AV, Llobell F, Giacalone D, Chheang SL, Jaeger SR. Consumer Preference Segments for Plant-Based Foods: The Role of Product Category. Foods 2022; 11:3059. [PMID: 36230135 PMCID: PMC9562706 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of willingness to consume (WTC) 5 types of plant-based (PB) food was conducted in USA, Australia, Singapore and India (n = 2494). In addition to WTC, emotional, conceptual and situational use characterizations were obtained. Results showed a number of distinct clusters of consumers with different patterns of WTC for PB foods within different food categories. A large group of consumers did not discriminate among PB foods across the various food categories. Six smaller, but distinct clusters of consumers had specific patterns of WTC across the examined food categories. In general, PB Milk and, to a much lesser extent, PB Cheese had highest WTC ratings. PB Fish had the lowest WTC, and two PB meat products had intermediate WTC. Emotional, conceptual and situational use characterizations exerted significant lifts/penalties on WTC. No penalty or lifts were imparted on WTC by the situational use of 'moving my diet in a sustainable direction', whereas uses related to 'when I want something I like' and 'when I want something healthy' generally imparted WTC lifts across clusters and food categories. The importance of this research for the study of PB foods is its demonstration that consumers are not monolithic in their willingness to consume these foods and that WTC is often a function of the food category of the PB food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand V. Cardello
- A.V. Cardello Consulting and Editing Services, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Davide Giacalone
- SDU Innovation & Design Engineering, Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sok L. Chheang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sara R. Jaeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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25
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A transition towards plant-based diets on its way? Consumers’ substitutions of meat in their diets in Finland. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rombach M, Dean D, Vriesekoop F, de Koning W, Aguiar LK, Anderson M, Mongondry P, Oppong-Gyamfi M, Urbano B, Gómez Luciano CA, Hao W, Eastwick E, Jiang ZV, Boereboom A. Is cultured meat a promising consumer alternative? Exploring key factors determining consumer's willingness to try, buy and pay a premium for cultured meat. Appetite 2022; 179:106307. [PMID: 36089124 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cultured meat is a relatively new product, enjoying consumer appreciation as a more sustainable meat option. The present study builds on a sample from a diverse set of countries and continents, including China, the US, the UK, France, Spain, Netherlands, New Zealand, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic and uses partial least square structural equation modelling. The proposed conceptual model identified key factors driving and inhibiting consumer willingness to try, buy, and pay a price premium for cultured meat. Results relate to the overall sample of 3091 respondents and two sub-sample comparisons based on gender and meat consumption behaviour. Food neophobia, having food allergies, being a locavore, and having concerns about food technology were found to be inhibiting factors towards willingness to try, buy, and pay a price premium for cultured meat. Food curiosity, meat importance, and a consumer's perception of cultured meat as a realistic alternative to regular meat were found to be important drivers that positively impacted consumers' willingness to try, buy and pay more. Best practice recommendations address issues facing marketing managers in food retail and gastronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Rombach
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
| | - David Dean
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; Department of Food Technology, HAS University of Applied Science, Den Bosch, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim de Koning
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand; Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom; Department of Food Technology, HAS University of Applied Science, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Luis Kluwe Aguiar
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Anderson
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Mongondry
- Department of Food and Bioresource Science & Technology, Groupe ESA, Angers, France
| | - Mark Oppong-Gyamfi
- Department of Food and Bioresource Science & Technology, Groupe ESA, Angers, France
| | - Beatriz Urbano
- Department of Agricultural and Forrest Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Wendy Hao
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Eastwick
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Virgil Jiang
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Anouk Boereboom
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
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Dean D, Rombach M, de Koning W, Vriesekoop F, Satyajaya W, Yuliandari P, Anderson M, Mongondry P, Urbano B, Luciano CAG, Hao W, Eastwick E, Achirimbi E, Jiang Z, Boereboom A, Rashid F, Khan I, Alvarez B, Aguiar LK. Understanding Key Factors Influencing Consumers' Willingness to Try, Buy, and Pay a Price Premium for Mycoproteins. Nutrients 2022; 14:3292. [PMID: 36014797 PMCID: PMC9416216 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoprotein is a fungal-based meat alternative sold in food retail in various countries around the world. The present study builds on a multi-national sample and uses partial least square structural equation modeling. The proposed conceptual model identified key factors that are driving and inhibiting consumer willingness to try, buy, and pay a price premium for mycoprotein. The results relate to the overall sample of 4088 respondents and to two subsample comparisons based on gender and meat consumption behavior. The results show that the biggest drivers of willingness to consume mycoprotein were healthiness, followed by nutritional benefits, safe to eat, and sustainability. Affordability and taste had mixed results. Willingness to consume mycoprotein was inhibited if nutritional importance was placed on meat and, to a lesser extent, if the taste, texture, and smell of meat were deemed important. Best practice recommendations address issues facing marketing managers in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dean
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Lincoln P.O. Box 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Meike Rombach
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Lincoln P.O. Box 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Wim de Koning
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Lincoln P.O. Box 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
- Department of Food Technology, HAS University of Applied Science, P.O. Box 90108, 5200 MA Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
- Department of Food Technology, HAS University of Applied Science, P.O. Box 90108, 5200 MA Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Wisnu Satyajaya
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Yuliandari
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - Martin Anderson
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Philippe Mongondry
- Department of Food, Technology & Bioresource Science, Groupe ESA, 49007 Angers, France
| | - Beatriz Urbano
- Department of Agricultural and Forrest Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Wendy Hao
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Emma Eastwick
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Elma Achirimbi
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Anouk Boereboom
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
- Department of Food Technology, HAS University of Applied Science, P.O. Box 90108, 5200 MA Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Farzana Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76017, Mexico
| | - Luis Kluwe Aguiar
- Food Land and Agribusiness Management Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
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Ueland Ø, Rødbotten R, Varela P. Meat consumption and consumer attitudes - A Norwegian perspective. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108920. [PMID: 35901582 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Norway has lower meat consumption than other North European countries. Meat is acknowledged as important for food security in Norway, as Norway's agricultural possibilities are best suited for free-ranging and self-foraging animals. Meat has a strong position in the Norwegian diet, particularly as a centrepiece for special occasions. Good taste, product variety, and affordable price make meat a convenient choice. Norwegian consumers are not worried about animal welfare in local production, nor highly driven by environmental motives for reducing their consumption. Meat analogues have a very small market share, and taste and processing level do not make it a primary replacement for meat reducers. Still, Norwegian consumers' attitudes towards meat have become more diverse in later years. More consumer segments display meat-reducing behaviours citing both health and sustainability reasons. Females are particularly interested in reducing meat consumption, young age and urban lifestyle are other characteristics of meat reducing segments.
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Zaremba A, Waszkowiak K, Kmiecik D, Jędrusek-Golińska A, Jarzębski M, Szymandera-Buszka K. The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine. Molecules 2022; 27:3351. [PMID: 35630828 PMCID: PMC9144381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the use of selected vegetables (pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot) as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) by determining changes in iodine content under various conditions of impregnation as the degree of hydration, impregnated sample temperature, and impregnation time. The influence of these conditions on iodine contents in vegetables after their fortification and storage (21 °C/230 days) was analyzed. The results showed that all selected vegetables could be efficient iodine carriers. However, the conditions of the impregnation process are crucial for fortification efficiency, particularly the degree of hydration and the temperature of the impregnated samples before drying. The results showed that the lowest iodine content was in samples fortified at 4 °C and 1:4 hydration. On the other hand, the highest reproducibility of iodine was for the following fortification conditions: temperature of -76 °C and hydration of 1:1. The studies confirmed the higher stability of iodine in KIO3 form compared to KI. To increase recovery of the introduced iodine in the product after drying, using the conditioning step at 4 °C is not recommended. We recommend freezing vegetables immediately after the impregnation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaremba
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Jędrusek-Golińska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
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Yano H, Fu W. Effective Use of Plant Proteins for the Development of "New" Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091185. [PMID: 35563905 PMCID: PMC9102783 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity in our diet mirrors modern society. Affluent lifestyles and extended longevity have caused the prevalence of diabetes and sarcopenia, which has led to the increased demand of low-carb, high-protein foods. Expansion of the global population and Westernization of Asian diets have surged the number of meat eaters, which has eventually disrupted the supply–demand balance of meat. In contrast, some people do not eat meat for religious reasons or due to veganism. With these multiple circumstances, our society has begun to resort to obtaining protein from plant sources rather than animal origins. This “protein shift” urges food researchers to develop high-quality foods based on plant proteins. Meanwhile, patients with food allergies, especially gluten-related ones, are reported to be increasing. Additionally, growing popularity of the gluten-free diet demands development of foods without using ingredients of wheat origin. Besides, consumers prefer “clean-label” products in which products are expected to contain fewer artificial compounds. These diversified demands on foods have spurred the development of “new” foods in view of food-processing technologies as well as selection of the primary ingredients. In this short review, examples of foodstuffs that have achieved tremendous recent progress are introduced: effective use of plant protein realized low-carb, high protein, gluten-free bread/pasta. Basic manufacturing principles of plant-based vegan cheese have also been established. We will also discuss on the strategy of effective development of new foods in view of the better communication with consumers as well as efficient use of plant proteins.
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Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: Motivational Adoption Barriers and Solutions. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption is increasingly being seen as unsustainable. However, plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) are not widely accepted yet. PBMA aim to imitate the experience of eating meat by mimicking animal meat in its sensory characteristics such as taste, texture, or aesthetic appearance. This narrative review explores the motivational barriers to adopting PBMA while focusing on food neophobia, social norms and rituals, as well as conflicting eating goals that prevent consumers from switching to a plant-based diet. Based on the key characteristics of these motivational barriers, which are informed by research findings in consumer psychology and marketing, solutions are discussed that can help counter the barriers.
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