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Lee G, Lee Y, Doh S, Han B, Kim Y, Kim K, Kim HJ. Lab- and pilot-scale wet scrubber study on the redox-mediated simultaneous removal of NO x and SO 2 using a CaCO 3-based slurry with KI as a redox catalyst. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141809. [PMID: 38548080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach that integrates ozone-driven chemical oxidation to convert NO into soluble NO2, followed by the simultaneous absorption of NO2 and SO2 into a CaCO3-based slurry using the redox catalyst potassium iodide (KI). Using cyclic voltammetry, we demonstrate the redox properties of the I2/2I- couple, which facilitates NO2 reduction into soluble NO2- and catalyst regeneration through sulfite (SO32-)-driven reduction, thus establishing a closed catalytic cycle within the components of flue gas. In lab-scale wet-scrubbing tests, we explore the effect of various operational parameters (i.e., KI concentration, pH, and SO2 concentration), with a 15 h stability test demonstrating >60% NOx and >99% SO2 removal efficiency when the pH is controlled between 7.5 and 8.5. A successful pilot-scale implementation conducted at an inlet flow rate of 1000 m3 h-1 further confirmed the reproducibility of the proposed redox-catalytic cycle. Our study offers a cost-effective, sustainable, and scalable solution for effectively mitigating NOx and SO2 emissions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangtaek Lee
- Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeawan Lee
- Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Doh
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bangwoo Han
- Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiyong Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Joon Kim
- Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-Friendly Energy Conversion Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Thurston Nash W, Chapple AG, Johnson JT. Potassium Iodide's Effect on Silver Diammine Fluoride Staining Properties as Measured Through Objective Color Analysis Using CIELAB. Pediatr Dent 2024; 46:52-57. [PMID: 38449037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on the black/gray staining caused by silver diammine fluoride (SDF) when applied to carious lesions. Methods: Extracted caries-free molar surfaces had caries induced to examine the use of SDF and SDF followed by KI (SDF+KI) on extracted permanent molars that had caries induced on their surfaces and were monitored for a period after application. To monitor the color changes, CIELAB color space readings???a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination???were used. The system is composed of three values, of which the L* measures black to white across a span of zero (black) to 100 (white). Measurements were taken at eight intervals between days zero to 72. Results: L* values were found to be significantly different between SDF and SDF+KI groups and from baseline. On average, the SDF+KI group versus the SDF group was 9.47 units lighter. Conclusion: The findings indicate the application of silver diammine fluoride followed by potassium iodide can reduce the black staining SDF alone causes, potentially making it a viable esthetic option for patients with anterior tooth caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Thurston Nash
- Pediatric Dentistry Resident, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA., USA
| | - Andrew G Chapple
- Assistant Professor, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA., USA
| | - Jeffrey T Johnson
- Chair, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA., USA
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Patro KK, Allam JP, Sanapala U, Marpu CK, Samee NA, Alabdulhafith M, Plawiak P. An effective correlation-based data modeling framework for automatic diabetes prediction using machine and deep learning techniques. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:372. [PMID: 37784049 PMCID: PMC10544445 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising risk of diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, highlights the importance of early detection. Manual prediction can be a challenging task, leading to the need for automatic approaches. The major challenge with biomedical datasets is data scarcity. Biomedical data is often difficult to obtain in large quantities, which can limit the ability to train deep learning models effectively. Biomedical data can be noisy and inconsistent, which can make it difficult to train accurate models. To overcome the above-mentioned challenges, this work presents a new framework for data modeling that is based on correlation measures between features and can be used to process data effectively for predicting diabetes. The standard, publicly available Pima Indians Medical Diabetes (PIMA) dataset is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Experiments using the PIMA dataset showed that the proposed data modeling method improved the accuracy of machine learning models by an average of 9%, with deep convolutional neural network models achieving an accuracy of 96.13%. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in the early and reliable prediction of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Patro
- Department of ECE, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali, AP, 532201, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Allam
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT Vellore, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | | | - Chaitanya Kumar Marpu
- Department of ECE, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali, AP, 532201, India
| | - Nagwan Abdel Samee
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maali Alabdulhafith
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawel Plawiak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Ishida M, Yamamura A, Fujiwara M, Amano T, Ota M, Hikawa Y, Kondo R, Suzuki Y, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Pimaric acid reduces vasoconstriction via BK Ca channel activation and VDCC inhibition in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscles. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:84-88. [PMID: 37640473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vessels play a pivotal role in oxygen circulation. We previously demonstrated that pimaric acid (PiMA) activated large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels and inhibited voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs). In the present study, PiMA attenuated vasoconstriction induced by high K+ or endothelin-1 in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscles (PASMs). PiMA also reduced high K+-induced cytosolic [Ca2+] increase in PASM cells. PiMA increased BKCa currents and decreased VDCC currents. BKCa channels and VDCCs were formed by the α/β1 and α1C/α1D/β2/β3 subunits, respectively. These results indicate that PiMA induces vasorelaxation through the dual effects of BKCa channel activation and VDCC inhibition in PASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ishida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Moe Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Taiki Amano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mina Ota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yukari Hikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Pan W, Cao Y, Gu F, Gao Y, Liao H, Li Z, Yu J, Niu F. Interaction between potassium iodide and bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and lysozyme under different temperature induction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125923. [PMID: 37482161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between potassium iodide and protein molecules under different temperature induction was studied, taking potassium iodide (KI) and protein molecules as a model system. The effects of KI on protein conformation, size, surface charge, binding constant, and binding site were analyzed by fluorescence spectrum, infrared spectrum, and diffusing wave spectroscopy. The results revealed that bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ovalbumin (OVA) and I-1 formed the 1: 1 complex and significantly affected the hydrodynamic radius and spatial structure. This could be attributed to the exposure of tyrosine residues inside the proteins to the polar conditions under increased temperature. The unfolding of protein structures induced the interaction between KI/KCl and proteins. As for BSA and OVA, the particle size and surface charge of the complex increased significantly in the presence of KI/KCl. KI had a strong static quenching effect on the fluorescence of BSA and OVA. Overall, these results provide insights into the physiological effects of iodine ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Pan
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanren Cao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feina Gu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huabin Liao
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fuge Niu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Wilson AM, Ravi P, Pargas NT, Gerald LB, Lowe AA. School health systems under strain: an example of COVID-19 experiences & burnout among school health staff in Pima County, Arizona. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1626. [PMID: 37626343 PMCID: PMC10463464 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School health staff lead and provide a variety of care for children in schools. As school districts have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic, school health staff have faced unprecedented challenges in protecting the health of students and school staff. Our objective was to qualitatively characterize these pandemic challenges and experiences of school health staff in Pima County, Arizona to identify gaps in school health staff support for improving future emergency preparedness. METHODS We conducted two focus group discussions (FGDs) with 48 school health staff in Pima County, Arizona in two school districts using a discussion guide including ten open-ended questions. The FGDs were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the socioecological model (SEM) to organize the thematic analysis and generate codes and themes; data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software. FINDINGS The pandemic has significantly challenged school health staff with new pandemic-related job tasks: managing isolation, vaccination, and developing/implementing new and evolving COVID-19 guidelines. School health staff also reported increased stress related to interactions with parents and school administration as well as frustrations with rapid changes to guidance from the health department and policy makers. A common issue was not having enough staff or resources to complete regular job responsibilities, such as providing care for students with non-COVID-19 related health issues. CONCLUSIONS Increased workload for school health staff resulted in physical burnout, mental distress, and disruption of core functions with long term implications for children's health. These focus groups highlight the need for improved emergency preparedness in schools during pandemics or infectious disease outbreaks. These include basic infrastructure changes (e.g., personnel support from health departments for tasks such as contact tracing to enable school nurses to continue core functions), and increased funding to allow for hazard pay and more school health personnel during emergency situations. In addition, basic school health infrastructure is lacking, and we should include a licensed school health nurse in every school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Wilson
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. A233, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Priyanka Ravi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nicole T Pargas
- Health Services Department, Marana Unified School District, Marana, AZ, USA
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Office of Population Health Sciences in the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley A Lowe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Jonna MI, Bansal K, Morankar R, Mathur VP, Kalyanasundaram D, Tewari N, Pandey S. Effect of SDF/ SSKI Application on Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Carious Primary Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Pediatr Dent 2023; 45:147-152. [PMID: 37106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of applying silver diamine fluoride (SDF) followed by a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) on the microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of composite resin to the natural carious dentin of primary molars. METHODS Sixty-nine extracted carious primary molars were randomly allocated to one of the three groups, where the prepared affected dentin was treated with: (1) group A-SDF/SSKI; (2) group B-SDF alone; and (3) group C-deionized water. After restoration with composite resin restorative material, specimens were prepared and tested for mTBS in the universal testing machine. Median bond strengths were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The median (range) values of mTBS in groups A, B, and C were 16.99 (6.55 to 95.60), 17.71 (4.93 to 101.1), and 24.60 (5.29 to 91.7) MPa, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the microtensile bond strength among the three groups (P=0.94). CONCLUSION The application of either silver diamine fluoride along with a saturated solution of potassium iodide or SDF alone does not have a significant inhibitory effect on the bond strength of the composite resin to carious dentin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Immaculate Jonna
- Dr. Jonna is a junior resident, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Dr. Bansal is additional professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India;,
| | - Rahul Morankar
- Dr. Morankar is assistant professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Dr. Mathur is a professor and head, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Dr. Kalyanasundaram is an associate professor, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, all in New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Dr. Tewari is additional professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Dr. Pandey is a scientist, Department of Biostatistics, all at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sato A, Imaizumi K, Kasajima H, Ichimura K, Sato K, Yamana D, Tsuruga Y, Umehara M, Kurushima M, Nakanishi K. Short- and long-term outcomes of preservation versus ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection for descending colon cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:23. [PMID: 36637543 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic D3 lymph node (LN) dissection between ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) (LIMA) and preservation of the IMA (PIMA) for descending colon cancer using propensity score-matched analysis. METHODS This retrospective study included 101 patients with stage I-III descending colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic D3 LN dissection with LIMA (n = 60) or PIMA (n = 41) at a single center between January 2005 and March 2022. After propensity score matching, 64 patients (LIMA, n = 32; PIMA, n = 32) were included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was the long-term outcomes, and the secondary endpoint was the surgical outcomes. RESULTS In the matched cohort, no significant difference was noted in the surgical outcomes, including the operative time, estimated blood loss, number of harvested LNs, number of harvested LN 253, and complication rate. The long-term outcomes were also not significantly different between the LIMA and PIMA groups (3-year recurrence-free survival, 72.2% vs. 75.6%, P = 0.862; 5-year overall survival, 69.8% vs. 63.4%, P = 0.888; 5-year cancer-specific survival, 84.2% vs. 82.8%, P = 0.607). No recurrence of LN metastasis was observed around the IMA root. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic D3 dissection in PIMA was comparable to that in LIMA regarding both short- and long-term outcomes. The optimal LN dissection for descending colon cancer should be investigated in future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Ken Imaizumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kasajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ichimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamana
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuruga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Minoru Umehara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kurushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, 1-10-1, Minatomachi, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8680, Japan
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Bile EC, Bachanas PJ, Jarvis JN, Maurice F, Makovore V, Chebani L, Jackson KG, Birhanu S, Maphorisa C, Mbulawa MB, Alwano MG, Sexton C, Modise SK, Bapati W, Segolodi T, Moore J, Fonjungo PN. Accuracy of point-of-care HIV and CD4 field testing by lay healthcare workers in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project. J Virol Methods 2023; 311:114647. [PMID: 36343742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Accurate HIV and CD4 testing are critical in program implementation, with HIV misdiagnosis having serious consequences at both the client and/or community level. We implemented a comprehensive training and Quality Assurance (QA) program to ensure accuracy of point-of-care HIV and CD4 count testing by lay counsellors during the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP). We compared the performance of field testing by lay counsellors to results from an accredited laboratory to ascertain accuracy of testing. All trained lay counsellors passed competency assessments and performed satisfactorily in proficiency testing panel evaluations in 2013, 2014, and 2015. There was excellent agreement (99.6 %) between field and laboratory-based HIV test results; of the 3002 samples tested, 960 and 2030 were concordantly positive and negative respectively, with 12 misclassifications (kappa score 0.99, p < 0.0001). Of the 149 HIV-positive samples enumerated for CD4 count in the field using PIMA at a threshold of ≤ 350 cells/µl; there was 86 % agreement with laboratory testing, with only 21 misclassified. The mean difference between field and lab CD4 testing was - 16.16 cells/µl (95 % CI -5.4 to 26.9). Overall, there was excellent agreement between field and laboratory results for both HIV rapid test and PIMA CD4 results. A standard training package to train lay counsellors to accurately perform HIV and CD4 point-of-care testing in field settings was feasible, with point-of-care results obtained by lay counsellors comparable to laboratory-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebi C Bile
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Pamela J Bachanas
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States
| | - Joseph N Jarvis
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fiona Maurice
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Vongai Makovore
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Liziwe Chebani
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Keisha G Jackson
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States
| | - Sehin Birhanu
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States
| | | | - Mpaphi B Mbulawa
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mary Grace Alwano
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Connie Sexton
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States
| | | | - William Bapati
- Tebelopele Counseling and Testing Center, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tebogo Segolodi
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana (CDC Botswana), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Janet Moore
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States
| | - Peter N Fonjungo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, United States.
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Cullen T, Mullins J, Rambaud CLT, Lawlor P, Davis MV. Making Vaccines Equitably Available to All Persons in Pima County, Arizona, 2020-2021. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1560-1563. [PMID: 36223586 PMCID: PMC9558202 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We review the Pima County (Arizona) Health Department's efforts to achieve equitable COVID-19 vaccine distribution in a county with a social vulnerability index of 0.88. We expedited vaccine distribution, focusing on equitable distribution, implementing a multi-point of dispensing approach, and using a periurban and rural strategy. Pima County has one of the highest vaccine distribution percentages among the highest social vulnerability index quartiles and is more than 10 percentage points ahead of other large counties in Arizona in vaccine uptake. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1560-1563. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Cullen
- Theresa Cullen, Jennie Mullins, and Crystal La Tour Rambaud are with the Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ. Pierce Lawlor and Mary V. Davis are with Palladium Consulting, Washington, DC
| | - Jennie Mullins
- Theresa Cullen, Jennie Mullins, and Crystal La Tour Rambaud are with the Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ. Pierce Lawlor and Mary V. Davis are with Palladium Consulting, Washington, DC
| | - Crystal La Tour Rambaud
- Theresa Cullen, Jennie Mullins, and Crystal La Tour Rambaud are with the Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ. Pierce Lawlor and Mary V. Davis are with Palladium Consulting, Washington, DC
| | - Pierce Lawlor
- Theresa Cullen, Jennie Mullins, and Crystal La Tour Rambaud are with the Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ. Pierce Lawlor and Mary V. Davis are with Palladium Consulting, Washington, DC
| | - Mary V Davis
- Theresa Cullen, Jennie Mullins, and Crystal La Tour Rambaud are with the Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ. Pierce Lawlor and Mary V. Davis are with Palladium Consulting, Washington, DC
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11
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Bettman N, Alam R, Patterson-Fortin L, Asadi M, McPhedran K. Optimization and assessment of an electrochemical advanced oxidation system for synthetic stormwater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81505-81519. [PMID: 35729396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) such as the current advanced oxidation system (AOS) are a type of electrochemical wastewater treatment that creates oxidative species, such as iodide species, chloride species, and hydroxyl radicals, that can treat even the most recalcitrant contaminants. It is important to determine the concentrations and locations of oxidative species in eAOPs for optimization of the wastewater treatment process. In this study, a spectrophotometric methodology was used to determine concentrations of iodide and chloride oxidative species (starting at 10, 25, and 50 ppm) within an AOS under various input voltages (6, 12, and 24 V). Overall, it was found that iodate and chlorite were the dominant species created in their respective treatments. Additionally, the concentration of iodide oxidative species increased with increasing voltage, whereas the chloride species decreased with increasing voltage. The optimal conditions for the efficient creation of AOS oxidative species were 12 V and 10 ppm potassium iodide and 6 V and 10 ppm sodium chloride, respectively. In addition, the use of iodide is recommended for wastewater treatment using the AOS to effectively create oxidative species. Following optimization, the AOS performance was tested for synthetic stormwater. Results indicated that the AOS performed well for reduction of Escherichia coli; however, reduction of other contaminants was inconsistent as would be expected given the AOS was optimized for disinfection, not decontamination. Further AOS optimization for decontamination would be expected to result in improved decontamination performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bettman
- Department of Civil, Geological & Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Engineering Building, 57 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Raquibul Alam
- Department of Civil, Geological & Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Engineering Building, 57 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | | | - Mohsen Asadi
- Department of Civil, Geological & Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Engineering Building, 57 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Kerry McPhedran
- Department of Civil, Geological & Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Engineering Building, 57 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada.
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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12
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Bataille CP, Ammer STM, Bhuiyan S, Chartrand MMG, St-Jean G, Bowen GJ. Multi-isotopes in human hair: A tool to initiate cross-border collaboration in international cold-cases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275902. [PMID: 36288264 PMCID: PMC9603990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unidentified human remains have historically been investigated nationally by law enforcement authorities. However, this approach is outdated in a globalized world with rapid transportation means, where humans easily move long distances across borders. Cross-border cooperation in solving cold-cases is rare due to political, administrative or technical challenges. It is fundamental to develop new tools to provide rapid and cost-effective leads for international cooperation. In this work, we demonstrate that isotopic measurements are effective screening tools to help identify cold-cases with potential international ramifications. We first complete existing databases of hydrogen and sulfur isotopes in human hair from residents across North America by compiling or analyzing hair from Canada, the United States (US) and Mexico. Using these databases, we develop maps predicting isotope variations in human hair across North America. We demonstrate that both δ2H and δ34S values of human hair are highly predictable and display strong spatial patterns. Multi-isotope analysis combined with dual δ2H and δ34S geographic probability maps provide evidence for international travel in two case studies. In the first, we demonstrate that multi-isotope analysis in bulk hair of deceased border crossers found in the US, close to the Mexico-US border, help trace their last place of residence or travel back to specific regions of Mexico. These findings were validated by the subsequent identification of these individuals through the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner in Tucson, Arizona. In the second case study, we demonstrate that sequential multi-isotope analysis along the hair strands of an unidentified individual found in Canada provides detailed insights into the international mobility of this individual during the last year of life. In both cases, isotope data provide strong leads towards international travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Saskia T. M. Ammer
- Geology & Geochemistry Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Centre (CLHC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shelina Bhuiyan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gilles St-Jean
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel J. Bowen
- Department of Geology & Geophysics and Global Change & Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
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13
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DORWARD J, NAIDOO J, MOODLEY P, SOOKRAJH Y, SAMSUNDER N, SAYED F, NAICKER N, FANSHAWE T, DRAIN PK, LESSELLS RJ, HAYWARD G, BUTLER CC, GARRETT N. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Rapid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load XC, Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load, & m-PIMA HIV-1/2 Viral Load in South African Clinics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 91:189-196. [PMID: 36094486 PMCID: PMC7613592 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the analytic performance of 3 rapid HIV viral load assays: the novel Xpert HIV-1 VL XC (Xpert XC), Xpert HIV-1 VL (Xpert VL), and m-PIMA HIV-1/2 VL (m-PIMA). SETTING Two South African clinics. METHODS We conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Site-laboratory technicians and nurses used the Xpert XC, Xpert VL, and m-PIMA to test plasma samples from people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. We compared results with the Roche cobas HIV-1 reference assay. We determined accuracy to detect viraemia at the World Health Organization (WHO) failure threshold of 1000 copies/mL on all 3 assays, and 50 and 200 copies/mL on the Xpert assays. We assessed the agreement using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS We enrolled 140 participants (98 [70%] women, median age 37 years), who provided 189 paired samples at one or more timepoints. We tested 174 samples with the Xpert XC, 188 with the Xpert VL, and 128 with the m-PIMA. At 1000 copies/mL, sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals) were 97% (82 to 100) and 98% (93 to 99) (Xpert XC), 100% (87 to 100) and 96% (91 to 98) (Xpert VL), and 92% (72 to 99) and 99% (93 to 100) (m-PIMA) respectively. At 50 copies/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 93% (81 to 98) and 96% (91 to 99) (Xpert XC), and 95% (84 to 99) and 95% (90 to 98) (Xpert VL) respectively. Mean bias was -0.10 (-0.54 to 0.34) log10 copies/mL (Xpert XC), 0.07 (-0.37 to 0.52) log10 copies/mL (Xpert VL), and -0.26 (-0.83 to 0.31) log10 copies/mL (m-PIMA). CONCLUSIONS In these South African clinics, the accuracy of all 3 assays was clinically acceptable to detect viraemia at the WHO failure threshold, whereas both Xpert assays were also accurate at detecting low-level viraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienchi DORWARD
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Jessica NAIDOO
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Pravikrishnen MOODLEY
- Department of Virology, University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Yukteshwar SOOKRAJH
- eThekwini Municipality Health Unit, eThekwini Municipality, Durban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Natasha SAMSUNDER
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Fathima SAYED
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee NAICKER
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thomas FANSHAWE
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K DRAIN
- Department of Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Richard J LESSELLS
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform (KRISP), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gail HAYWARD
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C BUTLER
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel GARRETT
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Wagner TA, Duke SE, Davie SM, Magill C, Liu J. Interaction of Fusarium Wilt Race 4 with Root-Knot Nematode Increases Disease Severity in Cotton. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2558-2562. [PMID: 35286128 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2725-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is a severe disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.). Strains of the wilt pathogen in the United States, such as race 1, require the presence of nematodes such as southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) to cause appreciable disease. The exception is the race 4 strain of the wilt pathogen, which can attack cotton without concomitant infection by plant-parasitic nematodes and was first identified in California in 2001 and in Texas and New Mexico since 2017. The effects of the interaction between M. incognita and race 1 or race 4 on wilt severity and nematode reproduction on two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars, Acala 44 and FM 966, and a G. barbadense cultivar, Pima S-4, were directly compared in growth chamber assays. All three cultivars were susceptible to M. incognita. Suppression of nematode reproduction by the wilt pathogen was detected only for race 4 on all three cultivars on a per plant basis but not on a per gram root tissue basis. The control, M. incognita alone, and race 1 alone treatments caused no symptoms. Inoculation with race 1 and M. incognita caused moderate wilt symptoms in 'Acala 44' and 'FM 966' and mild symptoms in 'Pima S-4'. However, race 4 treatment caused severe wilt in 'Pima S-4' and moderate wilt severity in 'Acala 44' and 'FM 966'. The symptom severity of 'Acala 44' and 'FM 966' further increased in the presence of M. incognita. Thus, race 4 is not only capable of causing wilt in the absence of M. incognita but can also interact with the nematode to further increase disease severity. Though control of wilt caused by race 1 can be achieved mainly through breeding for nematode resistance, it will be imperative to incorporate both southern root-knot nematode and race 4 resistance to effectively control the disease should race 4 expand into southern root-knot nematode-infested fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya A Wagner
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Sara E Duke
- Plains Area, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Shayla M Davie
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Clint Magill
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Jinggao Liu
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
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15
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Malhotra K, Fuku R, Kumar B, Hrovat D, Van Houten J, Piunno PAE, Gunning PT, Krull UJ. Unlocking Long-Term Stability of Upconversion Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Phosphonate-Based Polymer Coatings. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7285-7293. [PMID: 36067362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving long-term (>3 months) colloidal stability of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in biologically relevant buffers has been a major challenge, which has severely limited practical implementation of UCNPs in bioimaging and nanomedicine applications. To address this challenge, nine unique copolymers formulations were prepared and evaluated as UCNP overcoatings. These polymers consisted of a poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIMA) backbone functionalized with different ratios and types of phosphonate anchoring groups and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties. The syntheses were done as simple, one-pot nucleophilic addition reactions. These copolymers were subsequently coated onto NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs, and colloidal stability was evaluated in 1 × PBS, 10 × PBS, and other buffers. UCNP colloidal stability improved (up to 4 months) when coated with copolymers containing greater proportions of anchoring groups and higher phosphonate valences. Furthermore, small molecules could be conjugated to these overcoated UCNPs by use of copper-free click chemistry, as was done to demonstrate suitability for sensor and bioprobe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malhotra
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Richard Fuku
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Balmiki Kumar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - David Hrovat
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
- Gunning Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Justin Van Houten
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Paul A E Piunno
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Patrick Thomas Gunning
- Gunning Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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16
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Abdel-Aty MS, Youssef-Soad A, Yehia WMB, EL-Nawsany RTE, Kotb HMK, Ahmed GA, Hasan ME, Salama EAA, Lamlom SF, Saleh FH, Shah AN, Abdelsalam NR. Genetic analysis of yield traits in Egyptian cotton crosses (Gossypium barbdense L.) under normal conditions. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:462. [PMID: 36167520 PMCID: PMC9513887 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To generate high-yielding cultivars with favorable fiber quality traits, cotton breeders can use information about combining ability and gene activity within a population to locate elite parents and potential F1 crosses. To this end, in the current study, twelve cotton parents (eight genotypes as female parents and four testers) and their F1 crosses obtained utilizing the linex tester mating design were evaluated for their general and specialized combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of yield traits. The findings showed that for all the investigated variables, variances owing to genotypes, parents, crosses, and parent vs cross showed extremely significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences. Additionally, throughout the course of two growing seasons, the mean squares for genotypes (parents and crosses) showed strong significance for all the variables under study. The greatest and most desired means for all the examined qualities were in the parent G.94, Pima S6, and tester G.86. The best crossings for the qualities examined were G.86 (G.89 × G.86), G.93 × Suvin, and G.86 × Suvin. The parents' Suvin, G89x G86 and TNB were shown to have the most desired general combining ability effects for seed cotton yield/plant, lint yield/plant, boll weight, number of bolls/plants, and lint index, while Suvin, G.96 and pima S6 were preferred for favored lint percentage. For seed cotton yield, lint percentage, boll weight, and number of bolls per plant per year, the cross-G.86 x (G.89 × G.86) displayed highly significant specific combining ability impacts. The crosses G.86 × Suvin, Kar x TNB, G.93 × Suvin, and G.93 × TNB for all the studied traits for each year and their combined were found to have highly significant positive heterotic effects relative to better parent, and they could be used in future cotton breeding programs for improving the studied traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Abdel-Aty
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - A Youssef-Soad
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - W. M. B. Yehia
- Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - R. T. E. EL-Nawsany
- Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - H. M. K. Kotb
- Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Ahmed
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
| | - Sobhi F. Lamlom
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
| | - Fouad H. Saleh
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531 Egypt
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Kibria HB, Nahiduzzaman M, Goni MOF, Ahsan M, Haider J. An Ensemble Approach for the Prediction of Diabetes Mellitus Using a Soft Voting Classifier with an Explainable AI. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7268. [PMID: 36236367 PMCID: PMC9571784 DOI: 10.3390/s22197268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that continues to be a primary and worldwide health concern since the health of the entire population has been affected by it. Over the years, many academics have attempted to develop a reliable diabetes prediction model using machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, these research investigations have had a minimal impact on clinical practice as the current studies focus mainly on improving the performance of complicated ML models while ignoring their explainability to clinical situations. Therefore, the physicians find it difficult to understand these models and rarely trust them for clinical use. In this study, a carefully constructed, efficient, and interpretable diabetes detection method using an explainable AI has been proposed. The Pima Indian diabetes dataset was used, containing a total of 768 instances where 268 are diabetic, and 500 cases are non-diabetic with several diabetic attributes. Here, six machine learning algorithms (artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), AdaBoost, XGBoost) have been used along with an ensemble classifier to diagnose the diabetes disease. For each machine learning model, global and local explanations have been produced using the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), which are represented in different types of graphs to help physicians in understanding the model predictions. The balanced accuracy of the developed weighted ensemble model was 90% with a F1 score of 89% using a five-fold cross-validation (CV). The median values were used for the imputation of the missing values and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTETomek) was used to balance the classes of the dataset. The proposed approach can improve the clinical understanding of a diabetes diagnosis and help in taking necessary action at the very early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Binte Kibria
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nahiduzzaman
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Omaer Faruq Goni
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Mominul Ahsan
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, Deramore Lane, Heslington, York YO10 5GH, UK
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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18
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Fan Y, Lau ESH, Wu H, Yang A, Chow E, So WY, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Chan JCN, Luk AOY. Incidence of long-term diabetes complications and mortality in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110030. [PMID: 35934175 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review aims to assess the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed <20 years. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for longitudinal studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 November 2021. RESULTS Seventeen studies (15 reporting CKD, 3 reporting CVD, 5 reporting mortality) from seven countries of sample size ranging between 96 and 4,141 were eligible. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe (n = 14). Diabetes duration at enrolment varied from 0 to 8.3 years and follow-up duration from 1 to 12.6 years. The incidence rates (per 1,000 person-year) of albuminuria ranged between 12.4 and 114.8, macroalbuminuria or proteinuria between 10 and 35.0, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) between 0.4 and 25.0, CVD between 3.7 and 19.5, and mortality between 1.0 and 18.6. The highest incidence rates of albuminuria, ESKD and mortality were recorded in Australian Aboriginal and Pima Indian populations. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with greater risk of developing CKD compared with type 1 diabetes in most studies. CONCLUSION Studies reporting CVD in youth-onset type 2 diabetes are scarce. Estimated incidence rates of CKD and mortality in youth-onset type 2 diabetes varied across different study populations, potentially higher in indigenous people. Youth with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of adverse kidney outcomes than their type 1 counterparts. More studies are needed in regions outside of North America and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yee So
- Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Okamura K, Sato K, Fujikawa M, Bandai S, Ikenoue H, Kitazono T. Iodide-sensitive Graves' hyperthyroidism and the strategy for resistant or escaped patients during potassium iodide treatment. Endocr J 2022; 69:983-997. [PMID: 35321988 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of potassium iodide (KI) (100 mg/day) was evaluated in 504 untreated patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). Initial response to KI within 180 days, the effect of additional methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI) or radioactive iodine (RI) in resistant or escaped patients, and long-term prognosis were evaluated. Serum fT4 levels became low or normal in 422 patients (83.7%, KI-sensitive group) without serious side effects. Among these patients, serum TSH levels became high (n = 92, hypothyroid) or normal (n = 78) in 170 patients (33.7%) (KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response, Group A), but remained suppressed in 252 patients (50.0%) (KI-sensitive with TSH suppression, Group B). Serum fT4 levels decreased but remained high in 82 patients (16.3%) (KI-resistant, Group C). Older patients, or those with small goiter and mild GD were more KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response than others. Escape from KI effect occurred in 0%, 36% and 82% in Group A, B and C, respectively. Patients in Group B and C were successfully treated with additional low-dosage MMI or RI. After 2-23 years' treatment (n = 429), remission (including possible remission) and spontaneous hypothyroidism were significantly more frequent in Group A (74.3% and 11.1%, respectively,) than in Groups B (46.3% and 2.8%, respectively) or C (53.6% and 1.5%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, a high KI sensitivity with a recovered TSH response was observed in about a third of the patients in GD associated with a better prognosis. Additional MMI or RI therapy was effective in escaped or KI-resistant patients with suppressed TSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujikawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Bandai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenoue
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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20
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Olisah CC, Smith L, Smith M. Diabetes mellitus prediction and diagnosis from a data preprocessing and machine learning perspective. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 220:106773. [PMID: 35429810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from the inadequacy of the body to secrete and respond to insulin. If not properly managed or diagnosed on time, diabetes can pose a risk to vital body organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and so can be life-threatening. The many years of research in computational diagnosis of diabetes have pointed to machine learning to as a viable solution for the prediction of diabetes. However, the accuracy rate to date suggests that there is still much room for improvement. In this paper, we are proposing a machine learning framework for diabetes prediction and diagnosis using the PIMA Indian dataset and the laboratory of the Medical City Hospital (LMCH) diabetes dataset. We hypothesize that adopting feature selection and missing value imputation methods can scale up the performance of classification models in diabetes prediction and diagnosis. METHODS In this paper, a robust framework for building a diabetes prediction model to aid in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes is proposed. The framework includes the adoption of Spearman correlation and polynomial regression for feature selection and missing value imputation, respectively, from a perspective that strengthens their performances. Further, different supervised machine learning models, the random forest (RF) model, support vector machine (SVM) model, and our designed twice-growth deep neural network (2GDNN) model are proposed for classification. The models are optimized by tuning the hyperparameters of the models using grid search and repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation and evaluated for their ability to scale to the prediction problem. RESULTS Through experiments on the PIMA Indian and LMCH diabetes datasets, precision, sensitivity, F1-score, train-accuracy, and test-accuracy scores of 97.34%, 97.24%, 97.26%, 99.01%, 97.25 and 97.28%, 97.33%, 97.27%, 99.57%, 97.33, are achieved with the proposed 2GDNN model, respectively. CONCLUSION The data preprocessing approaches and the classifiers with hyperparameter optimization proposed within the machine learning framework yield a robust machine learning model that outperforms state-of-the-art results in diabetes mellitus prediction and diagnosis. The source code for the models of the proposed machine learning framework has been made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chollette C Olisah
- Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Lyndon Smith
- Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Melvyn Smith
- Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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21
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Zaremba A, Waszkowiak K, Kmiecik D, Jędrusek-Golińska A, Jarzębski M, Szymandera-Buszka K. The Selection of the Optimal Impregnation Conditions of Vegetable Matrices with Iodine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103351. [PMID: 35630828 PMCID: PMC9144381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the use of selected vegetables (pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot) as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) by determining changes in iodine content under various conditions of impregnation as the degree of hydration, impregnated sample temperature, and impregnation time. The influence of these conditions on iodine contents in vegetables after their fortification and storage (21 °C/230 days) was analyzed. The results showed that all selected vegetables could be efficient iodine carriers. However, the conditions of the impregnation process are crucial for fortification efficiency, particularly the degree of hydration and the temperature of the impregnated samples before drying. The results showed that the lowest iodine content was in samples fortified at 4 °C and 1:4 hydration. On the other hand, the highest reproducibility of iodine was for the following fortification conditions: temperature of −76 °C and hydration of 1:1. The studies confirmed the higher stability of iodine in KIO3 form compared to KI. To increase recovery of the introduced iodine in the product after drying, using the conditioning step at 4 °C is not recommended. We recommend freezing vegetables immediately after the impregnation process
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaremba
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Jędrusek-Golińska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.W.); (A.J.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-061-848-7326 or +48-061-848-6093
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22
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Goldstein EV, Prater LC. Examining the policy effects of Arizona's 2016 pre-emption law on firearm suicide rates in the greater Tucson area: an observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058196. [PMID: 35534056 PMCID: PMC9086613 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2016, Arizona enacted SB 1487 to nullify Tucson's ordinance permitting the municipality to destroy confiscated and forfeited firearms and instead require the firearms to be resold to the public through an auctioneer. Our objective was to examine whether firearm suicide rates increased in Pima County (greater Tucson area) relative to other Arizona counties following the enactment of Arizona's 2016 pre-emption law. DESIGN An observational study of a natural policy experiment. We used a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the effects of Arizona enacting SB 1487 on firearm suicide rates in Pima County. Our statistical analyses adjusted for county-level differences in population demographics (age, gender and race) and unemployment rates, as well as a proxy for firearm availability and mental health professional shortage area status. SETTING 9 Arizona counties from 2014 to 2019. PARTICIPANTS A policy group was constructed using Pima County (Tucson area) observations. A comparison group was created using data from eight other Arizona counties. 54 county-year observations were analysed. INTERVENTION SB 1487, which pre-empted Tucson law and allowed firearms that were seized/surrendered to law enforcement to be recirculated instead of destroyed. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual rates of firearm and non-firearm suicides per 100 000 persons extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER system. RESULTS Over the study period, comparison group counties had an average of 14.87 firearm suicides per 100 000 persons per year, compared with 11.56 firearm suicides per 100 000 persons per year in Pima County. A 1.13 increase in Pima County's firearm suicides per 100 000 persons coincided with the enactment of Arizona's 2016 pre-emption law, relative to comparison group counties over the same period. CONCLUSIONS SB 1487 was associated with higher firearm suicide rates in Pima County relative to other areas not targeted by the law, assuming fewer firearms were destroyed and more firearms re-entered the greater Tucson area through 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V Goldstein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura C Prater
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention and Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Wang J, Falkson SR, Guo HH. Radiopaque Recreations of Lung Pathologies From Clinical Computed Tomography Images Using Potassium Iodide Inkjet 3-dimensional Printing: Proof of Concept. J Thorac Imaging 2022; 37:146-153. [PMID: 34334783 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a 3-dimensional (3D) printing method to create computed tomography (CT) realistic phantoms of lung cancer nodules and lung parenchymal disease from clinical CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Low-density paper was used as substrate material for inkjet printing with potassium iodide solution to reproduce phantoms that mimic the CT attenuation of lung parenchyma. The relationship between grayscale values and the corresponding CT numbers of prints was first established through the derivation of exponential fitted equation from scanning data. Next, chest CTs from patients with early-stage lung cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were chosen for 3D printing. CT images of original lung nodule and the 3D-printed nodule phantom were compared based on pixel-to-pixel correlation and radiomic features. RESULTS CT images of part-solid lung cancer and 3D-printed nodule phantom showed both high visual similarity and quantitative correlation. R2 values from linear regressions of pixel-to-pixel correlations between 5 sets of patient and 3D-printed image pairs were 0.92, 0.94, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively. Comparison of radiomic measures between clinical CT and printed models demonstrated 6.1% median difference, with 25th and 75th percentile range at 2.4% and 15.2% absolute difference, respectively. The densities and parenchymal morphologies from COVID-19 pneumonia CT images were well reproduced in the 3D-printed phantom scans. CONCLUSION The 3D printing method presented in this work facilitates creation of CT-realistic reproductions of lung cancer and parenchymal disease from individual patient scans with microbiological and pathology confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Environmental Health and Safety, Stanford University
| | | | - H Henry Guo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
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24
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Zhu Y, Abdelraheem A, Cooke P, Wheeler T, Dever JK, Wedegaertner T, Hake K, Zhang J. Comparative Analysis of Infection Process in Pima Cotton Differing in Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Race 4. Phytopathology 2022; 112:852-861. [PMID: 34503350 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-21-0203-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4) causes an early season cotton disease including seedling deaths. This study compared two Pima cottons (Gossypium barbadense) in the infection process of FOV4 using a confocal and a scanning electron microscope. Seedlings were grown in a hydroponic system and inoculated with a virulent local FOV4 isolate. As compared with the susceptible Pima S-7, the resistant Pima PHY 841 RF had significantly fewer conidia attached and germinated on the root surface. FOV4 penetration into the root epidermis of PHY 841 RF was delayed until 24 h postinoculation (hpi) as compared with 8 hpi in Pima S-7. In Pima S-7, hyphae progressed to the xylem through the cortex between 5 and 7 days postinoculation. However, hyphae grew much slower in the cortex with no apparent hyphae observed in the xylem of PHY 841 RF. At plant maturity, no FOV4 was detected through fungal isolation and PCR in the stem of PHY 841 RF and its resistance donor parents PHY 800 and Pima S-6, as compared with Pima S-7 and DP 744 with positive results. The results demonstrate that PHY 841 RF is resistant to FOV4, due to delayed infection, reduced fungal growth and reproduction, and prevention of the fungus from invading the xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Abdelraheem Abdelraheem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Peter Cooke
- Core University Research Resources Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
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25
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Gaouaoui-Azouaou H, L'Homme B, Benadjaoud MA, Sache-Aloui A, Granger R, Voyer F, Lestaevel P, Gruel G, Caire-Maurisier F, Crambes C, Dare-Doyen S, Benderitter M, Souidi M. Protection and safety of a repeated dosage of KI for iodine thyroid blocking during pregnancy. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:011512. [PMID: 34700314 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In case of nuclear power plant accidents resulting in the release of radioactive iodine (131I) in large amounts, a single intake of stable iodine is recommended in order to prevent131I fixation to the thyroid gland. However, in situations of prolonged exposure to131I (e.g. Fukushima-Daiichi natural and nuclear disaster), repetitive administration of iodine may be necessary to ensure adequate protection, with acceptable safety in vulnerable populations including pregnant women. Here we conducted toxicological studies on adult rats progeny following prolonged exposure to potassium iodide (KI)in utero. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 1 mg kg d-1KI or saline water for 2 or 4 d either between gestation days gestational day (GD) GD 9-12, or GD13-16. Plasma samples from the progeny were tested 30 d post-weaning for clinical biochemistry, thyroid hormones, and anti-thyroid antibody levels. Thyroid and brain were collected for gene expression analysis. The hormonal status was similar for the mothers in all experimental conditions. In the offspring, while thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels were similar in all groups, a significant increase of FT3 and FT4 levels was observed in GD9-GD10 and in GD13-GD14 animals treated for 2 d, respectively. In addition, FT4 levels were mildly decreased in 4 d treated GD13-16 individuals. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression level of thyroid genes involved in iodide metabolism, TPO and apical iodide transporter, was observed in GD13-GD14 animals treated for 2 d. We conclude that repeated KI administration for 2-4 d during gestation did not induce strong thyroid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Gaouaoui-Azouaou
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Amandine Sache-Aloui
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romain Granger
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frederic Voyer
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - François Caire-Maurisier
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de santé des armées, 45404 Fleury-les Aubrais, France
| | - Caroline Crambes
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, Direction des Approvisionnement en produits de santé des armées, 45404 Fleury-les Aubrais, France
| | - Stephanie Dare-Doyen
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92290 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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26
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Cline BL, Jiang W, Lee C, Cao Z, Yang X, Zhan S, Chong H, Zhang T, Han Z, Wu X, Yao L, Wang H, Zhang W, Li Z, Xie J. Potassium Iodide Nanoparticles Enhance Radiotherapy against Breast Cancer by Exploiting the Sodium-Iodide Symporter. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17401-17411. [PMID: 34694109 PMCID: PMC9035482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iodine has shown promise in enhancing radiotherapy. However, conventional iodine compounds show fast clearance and low retention inside cancer cells, limiting their application as a radiosensitizer. Herein, we synthesize poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) coated KI nanoparticles (PMAO-KI NPs) and evaluate their potential for enhancing radiotherapy. Owing to the polymer coating, the KI core of PMAO-KI NPs is not instantly dissolved in aqueous solutions but slowly degraded, allowing for controlled release of iodide (I-). I- is transported into cells via the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), which is upregulated in breast cancer cells. Our results show that PMAO-KI NPs can enhance radiation-induced production of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. When tested in vitro with MCF-7 cells, PMAO-KI NPs promote radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and lipid peroxidation, causing a drop in cancer cell viability and reproductivity. When tested in MCF-7 bearing mice, PMAO-KI NPs show significant radiosensitizing effects, leading to complete tumor eradication in 80% of the treated animals without inducing additional toxicity. Overall, our strategy exploits electrolyte nanoparticles to deliver iodide into cancer cells through NIS, thus promoting radiotherapy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Cline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhengwei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shuyue Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Harrison Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Han
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Science Education, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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27
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Герасимов ГА. [Comments to clinical guidelines "Iodine deficiency disorders and diseases"]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 2021; 67:104-109. [PMID: 34766495 PMCID: PMC9753846 DOI: 10.14341/probl12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Letter to Editor presents an analysis of some sections of the clinical guidelines «Diseases and conditions associated with iodine deficiency» published in No. 3 of the journal «Problems of Endocrinology» for 2021. In particular, the discussion deals with the coding of thyroid diseases according to ICD-10, depending on the iodine status of the population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as issues of diagnosis and treatment, such as «verification» of goiter detected by palpation, or treatment of the vast majority of children, adolescents and adults with potassium iodide. The obstacles to the epidemiological assessment of the iodine status of the population when examining schoolchildren are discussed separately, in connection with the introduction in 2020 of the new regulation, which requires the mandatory use of iodized salt for cooking in school canteens throughout the country.
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28
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Wang M, Qiu S, Yang H, Huang Y, Dai L, Zhang B, Zou J. Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water with peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of potassium iodide and its applications to hydroxylamine-involved Fenton and Fenton-like systems. Chemosphere 2021; 270:129448. [PMID: 33401075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the rapid measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions was developed in this study. This method is based on a reaction catalyzed by peroxidase (POD) in which potassium iodide (KI) is oxidized to generate the stable yellow-colored I3- within 15 s. The absorbance of the generated I3- at both 350 nm and 400 nm had good linear relationships with H2O2 concentration in the range of 0-70 μM (R2 > 0.999) with sensitivities of 2.34 × 104 M-1 cm-1 and 5.30 × 103 M-1 cm-1 respectively. Meanwhile, through calculation, the detection limits of the proposed POD-KI method at 350 nm and 400 nm were 0.09 μM and 0.33 μM, respectively. Even when the concentration of H2O2 was up to 350 μM, the absorbance of the generated I3- at 350 nm did not decrease observably. The generated I3- was found to be stable enough in ultrapure water, underground water, reservoir water and samples containing the strong reducing agent hydroxylamine. Moreover, the proposed POD-KI method was successfully used to analyze trace H2O2 in rainwater, and to monitor the change of H2O2 concentration in the Fenton, hydroxylamine/Fenton and hydroxylamine/Cu(II)/H2O2 systems. Overall, the POD-KI method could be adopted as a candidate method to determine H2O2 in Fenton and Fenton-like systems, and especially in those involving hydroxylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Shiyi Qiu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Lin Dai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Bilin Zhang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
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Narayan KMV, Kondal D, Kobes S, Staimez LR, Mohan D, Gujral UP, Patel SA, Anjana RM, Shivashankar R, Ali MK, Chang HH, Kadir M, Prabhakaran D, Daya N, Selvin E, Tandon N, Hanson R, Mohan V. Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001988. [PMID: 33771765 PMCID: PMC8006824 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION South Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20-44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852). RESULTS At baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2-16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8-42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0-16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2-51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20-24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima Indians CONCLUSIONS: In the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Deepa Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Daya
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert Hanson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Diabetology, Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Fröhlich TT, Gindri LD, Pedrotti D, Cavalheiro CP, Soares FZM, Rocha RDO. Evaluation of the Use of Potassium Iodide Application on Stained Demineralized Dentin Under Resin Composite Following Silver Diamine Fluoride Application. Pediatr Dent 2021; 43:57-61. [PMID: 33662252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of potassium iodide (KI) after applying silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the staining of demineralized dentin covered or not by a composite resin layer. Methods: Dentin blocks from 30 bovine incisors were demineralized and randomly allocated in three groups (N equals 10): (1) control (no treatment); (2) treated with SDF; and (3) treated with SDF and KI. Half of the specimens of each group received a composite resin restoration immediately after treatment. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at baseline and after seven, 14, 30, and 60 days. The ΔE data were analyzed using the generalized linear model (Δ equals 0.05). Results: The use of KI immediately after applying SDF decreased the dentin staining at all assessment times. SDF treatment only stained the dentin under composite resin after 60 days. The application of KI reduced the dentin under composite resin staining as ΔE values were similar to the control group even after 60 days. Conclusions: The use of potassium iodide minimizes the darkening of dentin and prevents the staining of the dentin under composite resin restorations in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa D'Olanda Gindri
- Dr. Gindri is a postgraduate student, Dental Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Djessica Pedrotti
- Dr. Pedrotti is a postgraduate student, Dental Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cleber Paradzinski Cavalheiro
- Dr. Cavalheiro is a postgraduate student, Dental Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares
- Dr. Soares is an associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rachel de Oliveira Rocha
- Dr. Rocha is an associate professor, Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil;,
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Desantis DL, Leser KA, Blando JD. Baseline assessment of a potassium iodide distribution for nuclear power plant emergencies in the Canadian-United States border region. J Emerg Manag 2020; 18:499-509. [PMID: 33428205 DOI: 10.5055/jem.2020.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate resident demographics and resident understanding of the proper use of potassium iodide (KI) pills as a countermeasure in the event of a nuclear power plant emergency. We also described expected behaviors of community members in the event of a nuclear accident. DESIGN The study design utilized a cross-sectional survey with a validated written questionnaire. Subjects, Participants: The study subjects were Canadian residents living within the primary emergency planning zone of the Fermi 2 nuclear power reactor. There was a 77 percent participation rate (n = 180) in Amherst Point and 61 percent for Bois Blanc Island (commonly referred to as Bob-Lo Island) (n = 57). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary study outcome measures were the number of knowledge-based questions survey respondents correctly answered about proper KI use (Ksum) and various behavior-based survey questions in the context of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). RESULTS Overall, we found that residents in general had a very low overall comprehension of proper KI use. We found that most resident demographics (eg, age, gender) did not significantly impact their knowledge of proper KI use but did find that households with children under 13 years of age tended to have higher comprehension scores than households without young children. Most residents reported that if they thought they were exposed to radiation they would go to the hospital or call 911 and few residents knew their evacuation routes, few were aware of the emergency siren, none knew where the reception center was located, and most did not have an emergency kit in their home. The majority of the survey respondents did indicate that they would evacuate if told to do so by their government. CONCLUSIONS Public health outreach is crucial for KI distribution programs because of the overall low pre-existing comprehension in communities. Also, hospitals and 911 must be prepared to deal with higher volume of residents seeking help should an accident occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Desantis
- Supervisor, Facilities Parks & Facilities Assets & Projects Division, City of Windsor, Facility Operations, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendall A Leser
- Director of Public Health Program, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - James D Blando
- Associate Professor, School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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Okamura K, Bandai S, Fujikawa M, Sato K, Kitazono T. Clinical experience of treating Graves' hyperthyroidism complicated with malignancy-The possible role of potassium iodide for avoiding the risk of thionamide-associated neutropenia. Endocr J 2020; 67:751-758. [PMID: 32238669 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD) complicated with malignancy is challenging, as anti-thyroid thionamide drugs (ATDs) and anti-cancer chemotherapy are both associated with a risk of neutropenia. Treatment with conventional ATDs, radioactive iodine (RAI) or potassium iodide (KI) was attempted in 8 patients with malignancy (34-80 years of age; 2 males and 6 females) in whom GD had been fortuitously diagnosed during a detailed systematic examination. Three patients requiring surgery were initially treated conventionally with methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), MMI and KI or RAI (group A; one patient each). The patients became euthyroid on days 17-31 and underwent surgery on days 25-47. RAI therapy was administered to one patient after surgery. The patients were then treated with KI during chemotherapy. Five other patients who did not require surgery were initially treated with 100 mg KI monotherapy (group B). The serum free T4 level declined immediately in all of these patients, and they became euthyroid on days 7-18, remaining almost entirely euthyroid for more than 120 days. Anti-cancer chemotherapy was successfully completed for three of the patients while taking KI, despite the patients experiencing repeated episodes of anti-cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Our present findings suggest that, in patients with GD and malignancy, MMI + KI or RAI may be required if immediate surgery is scheduled, but KI monotherapy may be worth trying, if anti-cancer chemotherapy is scheduled, thus avoiding the possibility of thionamide-induced neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Bandai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujikawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Siddiqui DES, Afroz S, Khan RA. Preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea on Psoriatic patches in albino rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:35-42. [PMID: 30772788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis has become a topic of global concern because of consistency in its prevalence according to Global Report on Psoriasis 2016, however, till date, no therapy has provided complete cure of this disease and no useful measure was discovered to prevent it or eliminate the risk of its relapse. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate anti-psoriatic effects of Spinacia oleracea due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and skin-strengthening contents. Psoriasis was induced by oral potassium iodide solution which was then determined by two methods i.e. percentage reduction in psoriatic patch size and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score to measure the decrease in severity. Twenty albino rats were used in each method, grouped as standard, curative, preventive and control with five rats in each group. Therapeutic and preventive doses for S. oleracea in both the methods were calculated according to daily intake guidelines of National Cancer Institute, USA, and German Nutrition Society, DGE guidelines respectively with slight modification. Methotrexate was used as standard drug along with folic acid to avoid toxic effects. This study reveals that S. oleracea has both therapeutic and preventive effects. It may be concluded that S. oleracea can be effectively used as sole therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-E-Shahwar Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafeeq Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
This article describes the clinical protocol of using potassium iodide (KI) to reverse staining caused by silver diamine fluoride (SDF). SDF contains silver, fluoride, and ammonia. It has been used to arrest dental caries mainly in pediatric applications. The major drawback of SDF application is the dark staining of both teeth and restorative materials. Hence, its use on adult dentition is limited. Improving the esthetic outcome by stain reduction would greatly enhance the opportunity for SDF's universal use. This case demonstrates how KI can effectively reverse the staining.
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Elaraj DM, Fahey TJ. Editorial: The use of potassium iodide in Graves' disease. Surgery 2017; 163:73-74. [PMID: 29108702 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Elaraj
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Thomas J Fahey
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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Deng T, Peng Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Zhang J, Gu Y, Huang D, Deng D. Water-Solubilizing Hydrophobic ZnAgInSe/ZnS QDs with Tumor-Targeted cRGD-Sulfobetaine-PIMA-Histamine Ligands via a Self-Assembly Strategy for Bioimaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:11405-11414. [PMID: 28293947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the organic-to-aqueous phase transfer of quantum dots (QDs) is significant for achieving their versatile applications in biomedical fields. In this thematic issue, surface modification, size control, and biocompatibility of QDs and QDs-based nanocomposites are core problems. Herein, the new highly fluorescent tumor-targeted QDs-clusters consisting of ZnAgInSe/ZnS (ZAISe/ZnS) QDs and sulfobetaine-PIMA-histamine (SPH) polymer with the ανβ3 integrin receptor cyclic RGD (c-RGD) were developed via ligand exchange and an accompanying self-assembly process. It was found that the structure of RGD-SPH QDs-clusters was propitious to reduce the capture of reticulo-endothelial system (RES) in virtue of external stealth ligands, and benefit to selectively accumulate at the tumor site after intravenous injection via active tumor targeting cooperated with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the meantime, those clusters also recognized and enriched the cell surface when cocultured with the ανβ3 integrin receptor overexpressed malignant cells (U87MG tumor). On the basis of the results, fabricating mutil-functional nanocomposites integrated with the long-term circulation and dual-targeting effects should be an interesting strategy for imaging cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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Torimoto K, Okada Y, Arao T, Mori H, Yamamoto S, Narisawa M, Kurozumi A, Tanaka Y. Glucose variability before and after treatment of a patient with Graves' disease complicated by diabetes mellitus: assessment by continuous glucose monitoring. Endocr J 2014; 61:321-8. [PMID: 24420389 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed and treated for Graves' disease (GD) in 1999 but she discontinued treatment at her own discretion. In 2011, she was admitted to a local hospital for management of thyrotoxic crisis. Treatment with propylthiouracil, iodide potassium (KI), and prednisolone (PSL) was started, which resulted in improvement of the general condition. PSL and KI were discontinued before she was transferred to our hospital. At the local hospital, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was 212 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c concentration was 11.2%; intensive insulin therapy had been instituted. Upon admission to our hospital, FPG level was 122 mg/dL, but insulin secretion was compromised, suggesting aggravation of thyroid function and deterioration of glycemic control. The FPG level increased to 173 mg/dL; continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) identified dawn phenomenon at approximately 0400 h. Resumption of KI resulted in improvement of FPG and disappearance of the dawn phenomenon, as assessed by CGM. These results indicate that in patients with compromised insulin secretion, hyperthyroidism can induce elevation of not only postprandial blood glucose, but also FPG level due to the dawn phenomenon and that the dawn phenomenon can be alleviated with improvement in thyroid function. To our knowledge, no studies have assessed glucose variability by CGM before and after treatment of Graves' disease. The observations made in this case shed light on the understanding of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Torimoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushyu 807-8555, Japan
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Jaffer SS, Ghosh P, Purkayastha P. Mechanistic pathway for controlled extraction of guest molecule bound to herring sperm DNA using α-cyclodextrin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 78:1587-1591. [PMID: 21388866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
trans-2-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]benzothiazole (DMASBT) is known to have dual emitting states where the locally excited (LE) state is responsible for fluorescence in less polar environment and in polar milieu fluorescence is from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. This compound also undergoes minor groove binding to herring sperm DNA (hsDNA) evidenced by the absorption spectra before and after the binding process and an effect on DMASBT fluorescence by an anionic quencher. The binding occurs efficiently in a 1:1 manner, i.e. one guest molecule binds to one site on the hsDNA. Instead of following the DNA twist, the aromatic part seems to project outward. Thus, the bound molecule can be successfully extracted out from the DNA in a controlled way by the hydrophobic cavity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD). The extraction starts even with a low concentration of α-CD and increases as the concentration is increased. Absorption, steady-state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methods have been employed to explore the mechanistic pathway of binding of DMASBT to hsDNA. The mechanistic approach toward controlled extraction of the guest molecules from hsDNA by α-CD is reported and is expected to serve a significant purpose in treatment of drug overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Syed Jaffer
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, WB, India
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Deng C, O'Neill MA, Hahn MG, York WS. Improved procedures for the selective chemical fragmentation of rhamnogalacturonans. Carbohydr Res 2008; 344:1852-7. [PMID: 19162261 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of branched rhamnogalacturonans (RGs) requires the availability of methods that selectively cleave the Rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-GalAp linkage and thereby generate oligosaccharide fragments that are suitable for mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Enzymic cleavage of this linkage is often ineffective, especially in highly branched RGs. Therefore, we have developed an improved chemical fragmentation method based on beta-elimination of esterified 4-linked GalpA residues. At least 85% of the carboxyl groups of the GalA residues in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage RG is esterified using methyl iodide or 3-iodopropanol in Me(2)SO containing 8% water and 1% tetrabutylammonium fluoride. However, beta-elimination fragmentation at pH 7.3 and 120 degrees C is far more extensive with hydroxypropyl-esterified RG than with methyl-esterified RG. The non-reducing 4-deoxy-beta-l-threo-hex-4-enepyranosyluronic acid residue formed by the beta-elimination reaction is completely removed by treatment with aqueous N-bromosuccinimide, thereby simplifying the structural characterization of the chemically generated oligoglycosyl fragments. This newly developed procedure was used to selectively fragment the branched RG from peppergrass seed mucilage. The products were characterized using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, glycosyl residue composition analysis, and 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Our data show that the most abundant low-molecular weight fragments contained a backbone rhamnose residue substituted at O-4 with a single sidechain, and suggest that peppergrass seed mucilage RG is composed mainly of the repeating unit 4-O-methyl-alpha-d-GlcpA-(1-->4)-beta-d-Galp-(1-->4)-[-->4)-alpha-d-GalpA-(1-->2)-]-alpha-l-Rhap-(1-->.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Deng
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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Shashidhara KS, Gaikwad SM. Fluorescence Quenching and Time-resolved Fluorescence studies of α-Mannosidase from Aspergillus fischeri (NCIM 508). J Fluoresc 2007; 17:599-605. [PMID: 17849180 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-007-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the vital role in glycoprotein biosynthesis and degradation, alpha-mannosidase is currently an important therapeutic target for the development of anticancer agents. Fluorescence quenching and time-resolved fluorescence of alpha-mannosidase, a multitryptophan protein from Aspergillus fischeri were carried out to investigate the tryptophan environment. The tryptophans were found to be differentially exposed to the solvent and were not fully accessible to the neutral quencher indicating heterogeneity in the environment. Quenching of the fluorescence by acrylamide was collisional. Surface tryptophans were found to have predominantly positively charged amino acids around them and differentially accessible to the ionic quenchers. Denaturation led to more exposure of tryptophans to the solvent and consequently in the significant increase in quenching with all the quenchers. The native enzyme showed two different lifetimes, tau (1) (1.51 ns) and tau (2) (5.99 ns). The average lifetime of the native protein (tau) (3.187 ns) was not affected much after denaturation (tau) (3.219 ns), while average lifetime of the quenched protein samples was drastically reduced (1.995 ns for acrylamide and 1.537 ns for iodide). This is an attempt towards the conformational studies of alpha-mannosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shashidhara
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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Abstract
Project BioShield is a comprehensive effort involving the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), its component agencies, and other partner federal agencies to speed the research, development, acquisition, and availability of medical countermeasures to improve the government's preparedness for and ability to counter chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threat agents. The legislation authorizes use of the Special Reserve Fund, which makes available $5.6 billion over 10 years for the advanced development and purchase of medical countermeasures. This appropriation is intended to provide an economic incentive to the pharmaceutical industry to develop medical countermeasures for which the government is the only significant market. Acquisitions under Project BioShield are restricted to products in development that are potentially licensable within 8 years from the time of contract award. In exercising the procurement authorities under Project BioShield, HHS has launched acquisition programs to address each of the 4 threat agents, including Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), smallpox virus, botulinum toxins, and radiological/nuclear agents, originally deemed by the Department of Homeland Security to be threats to the US population sufficient to affect national security. At the time of writing, 7 contracts have been awarded: (1) recombinant protective antigen anthrax vaccine, the next-generation anthrax vaccine (contract terminated in December 2006 for default); (2) anthrax vaccine adsorbed, the currently licensed anthrax vaccine; (3) anthrax therapeutics (monoclonal); (4) anthrax therapeutics (human immune globulin); (5) the pediatric formulation of potassium iodide; (6) Ca- and Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), chelating agents to treat ingestion of certain radiological particles; and (7) botulinum antitoxins. Additional acquisition contracts are expected to be awarded in 2007.
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Abstract
To investigate effective methods to sterilize a biological safety cabinet contaminated with Bacillus spores, a sterilization study was performed using the vaporized KMT reagent. Five kinds of test carriers inoculated with Bacillus subtilis spores, which had been prepared in-house, were used as indicators. The KMT reagent was placed in the middle of the work-area (1.2 m-wide, Class II type A cabinet). Approximately 300 ml of vaporized KMT reagent could bring about complete sterilization of this cabinet by 24 h of exposure without severe corrosion. Vaporized KMT reagent could be used for the safe and easy sterilization of cabinets contaminated with Bacillus spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Kida
- Niigata Quarantine Station, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-5-4, Ryugashima, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-0072, Japan.
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Abstract
The objective of this work is to develop a new kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of irbesartan in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of carboxylic acid group of the oxidized irbesartan with a mixture of potassium iodate (KIO(3)) and iodide (KI) to form yellow colored triiodide ions in aqueous medium at 30+/-1 degrees C. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the rate of change of absorbance at 352 nm. The initial-rate and fixed-time (DeltaA) methods are adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 10.0-60.0 and 7.5-60.0 microg ml(-1) respectively. The regression analysis of calibration data yielded the linear equations: rate=-2.138 x 10(-6)+1.058 x 10(-4)C and DeltaA=-3.75 x 10(-3)+3.25 x 10(-3)C for initial rate and fixed time (DeltaA) methods, respectively. The limit of detection for initial rate and fixed time methods are 0.21 and 2.40 mug ml(-1), respectively. The various activation parameters such as E(a), DeltaH++, DeltaS++ and DeltaG++ are also calculated for the reaction and found to be 70.95+/-0.43 kJ mol(-1), 68.48+/-0.21 kJ mol(-1), 16.54+/-0.24 J K(-1) mol(-1) and -4.94+/-0.07 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The proposed methods are optimized and validated as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonisation (U.S.A.). The point and interval hypothesis tests have been performed which indicate that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reference method. The methods have been successfully applied to the determination of irbesartan in commercial dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Abstract
A novel method for producing customized x-ray test objects and clinically realistic phantoms has been developed. Test objects can be created with a drawing software package and the digital images can be printed on a standard inkjet printer but using potassium iodide solution in place of the cartridge's ink. The reproducibility and the consistency, the limiting spatial resolution, the uniformity as well as the potassium iodide thickness per print have been evaluated. The relationship between the number of prints, grey levels and the radiation contrast was investigated and quantified. A copy of the Leeds TO10 contrast detail test object was printed and the x-ray images of the Leeds TO10 and of the printed Leeds TO10 were compared. In addition, the potential use of this method was demonstrated by reproducing a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty clinical digital image. The reproducibility and consistency of this method was found to be better than 0.1%. The limiting spatial resolution of the printer using ink was found to be 3.55 1p mm(-1) but it deteriorated when the ink was replaced with potassium iodide and as the print density increases. The uniformity across the printed area was found to be satisfactory although an artefact due to the printer was present in the x-ray images. The comparison between the Leeds TO10 and the printed Leeds TO10 gave differences less than 10%. A good agreement between the clinical image and the printed clinical image was found. In conclusion, the method is a reliable, cost-effective, flexible and alternative way for producing x-ray test objects and clinically related phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Theodorakou
- Clinical Physics Group, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Queen Mary University, EC1A 7BE London, UK.
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Charig A, Winston A, Magee S, McNeil D. Removal of sputtered gold from specimens after scanning electron microscope examination. Anal Biochem 2004; 329:154-6. [PMID: 15136181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Charig
- Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Li W, Wang YZ. Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2004; 16:328-331. [PMID: 15137664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb+ and OH* radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb+ and surface-bound OH*. The different effect of SO4(2-), HCO3- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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