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Siegel JA, Mendoza RR, Tesselaar JM, DeJesus J, Elbe CI, Caravelli NS, Troy L, Fenton M, Victoria B, Herrera J, Blashill AJ. "I felt so powerful to have this love in me": A grounded theory analysis of the experiences of people living with and recovering from eating disorders while in diverse romantic relationships. Body Image 2024; 49:101709. [PMID: 38615591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Romantic partners have the potential to influence attitudes and behaviors related to body image and disordered eating. However, the role that romantic relationships can play in eating disorder (ED) recovery has not been comprehensively investigated. The present study aimed to explore the ways that people living with and recovering from EDs experience their romantic relationships, with the specific objective of developing a novel theoretical framework, grounded in the experiences of people in diverse romantic relationships, to guide future research on the topic. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 66 people (45 cisgender women, 11 cisgender men, 9 nonbinary people, and 1 transgender man) living with and recovering from EDs while in romantic relationships. Our grounded theory analysis yielded a theoretical model of ED management in romantic relationships, revealing that Individual and Relationship Characteristics intersected with Relationship-Related Stressors and were navigated using Eating Disorder and Relationship Management Strategies. Combined with Partner Support and Tensions, these management strategies were related to Relationship and Mental Health Outcomes, which affected and were affected by Future Concerns. Future researchers should continue to build on, expand, and modify this model and further explore the role of romantic relationships in the experience of people living with EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Connor I Elbe
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, USA
| | | | - Lynae Troy
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, USA
| | - Margo Fenton
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron J Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, USA
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2
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Geller S, Levy S, Baruch T, Rinot Y, Swami V. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, body image, body acceptance, and partner support: Associations in Israeli postpartum women. Midwifery 2024; 131:103937. [PMID: 38306735 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM Research suggests that breastfeeding self-efficacy (i.e., a mother's perceived ability and confidence to breastfeed her new-born) is associated with body image experiences and wider psychosocial factors. However, much of this work is focused on negative body image and has relied on samples from predominantly Westernised, industrialised nations. BACKGROUND To extend knowledge, we sought to examine the extent to which indices of positive body image (body appreciation), negative body image (body dissatisfaction, breast size dissatisfaction), and psychosocial factors (body acceptance by others, postpartum partner support) are associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in sample of mothers from Israel. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesised that body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, breast size dissatisfaction, body acceptance by others, and postpartum partner support would each be significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in Israeli mothers. METHOD A total of 352 mothers from Israel, with an infant aged six months or younger, were asked to complete an online survey that measured the aforementioned constructs. FINDINGS Correlational and linear model analyses indicated that only body appreciation was significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Body acceptance by others was significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in correlational but not regression analyses. These effects were consistent across primiparous and multiparous mothers. DISCUSSION In Israeli mothers, at least, a limited set of body image and body image-related indices appear to be associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that positive body image may be associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in women from Israel, though more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Geller
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.
| | - Sigal Levy
- Statistics Education Unit, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Ti Baruch
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Yarden Rinot
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Thompson KA, White JP, Bardone-Cone AM. Associations between pressure to breastfeed and depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and eating disorder symptoms among postpartum women. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115432. [PMID: 37669578 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from qualitative interviews indicate postpartum individuals feel pressure from their healthcare providers, the media, and their partners to breastfeed their infant(s). However, the link between pressure to breastfeed and maternal mental health symptoms has not been evaluated quantitatively. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the associations between perceived pressure to breastfeed from various sources and depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and eating disorder symptoms among postpartum individuals. METHODS Participants were 306 women, ages 18-39, who gave birth in the past 12 months in the United States (primarily in North Carolina). They completed an online survey about their health history (including mental health symptoms) and breastfeeding experiences. RESULTS Results found postpartum women perceived more pressure to breastfeed from healthcare providers and from the media compared to pressure to breastfeed from their partners. Pressure from healthcare providers was associated with depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and eating disorder symptoms, but not with anxiety symptoms. Pressure from the media was associated with only depressive and eating disorder symptoms. Pressure from partners was not significantly associated with mental health symptoms. Above and beyond the other sources of pressure, pressure from healthcare providers explained a unique proportion of variance of obsessive-compulsive and eating disorder symptoms. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the cross-sectional design (which limits causal interpretations), and the homogenous sample (87% identified as White). CONCLUSIONS Messaging and information about breastfeeding (particularly from healthcare providers) should be reviewed to determine if there is language which could be perceived as "pressure." It is important to screen for a variety of mental health symptoms, including eating disorders, in perinatal populations when discussing breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Thompson
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Jennifer P White
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anna M Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Ren Z, Zhang A, Fan X, Feng J, Xia H. Utility of the capability, opportunity, and motivation behaviour (COM-B) model in explaining the negative association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum. Appetite 2023; 188:106631. [PMID: 37302414 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the negative associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and exclusive breastfeeding remain poorly understood. Thus, the study aimed to determine whether the negative associations between high pre-pregnancy BMI and exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum are mediated by components of the capability, opportunity, and motivation behaviour (COM-B) model. In this prospective observational study, we assigned 360 primiparous women to a pre-pregnancy overweight/obese group (n = 180) and a normal-BMI group (n = 180). A structural equation model was designed to study how capabilities (onset of lactogenesis II, perceived milk supply, breastfeeding knowledge, and postpartum depression), opportunities (pro-breastfeeding hospital practices, social influence, social support), and motivations (breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and attitudes towards breastfeeding) affected exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum in groups of women with different pre-pregnancy BMIs. In all, 342 participants (95.0%) possessed complete data. Women with high pre-pregnancy BMI were less likely to exclusively breastfeed at six weeks postpartum than women with a normal BMI were. We observed a significant negative direct effect of high pre-pregnancy BMI on exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum and a significantly negative indirect effect of high pre-pregnancy BMI via the explanatory mediating variables of capabilities (onset of lactogenesis II, perceived milk supply, and breastfeeding knowledge) and motivations (breastfeeding self-efficacy) on exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum. Our findings support certain capabilities (onset of lactogenesis II, perceived milk supply, and breastfeeding knowledge) and motivations (breastfeeding self-efficacy), partially explaining the negative association between high pre-pregnancy BMI and exclusive breastfeeding outcome. We suggest that interventions aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding among women with high pre-pregnancy BMI should address the capacity and motivation factors specific to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ren
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, 210004, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Nursing, The Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, 210004, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Chai Road, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Haiou Xia
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Tarchi L, Merola GP, Selvi G, Caprara E, Pecoraro V, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Petraglia F, Ricca V, Castellini G. Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:64. [PMID: 37526698 PMCID: PMC10393903 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregorexia is a phenomenon posited to occur in the peripartum, characterized by an attempt to counter pregnancy's physiological changes in body shape through reduced calorie intake or increased physical activity. METHODS In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, body image dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum according to gestational age were formally assessed. PubMed was searched up to May 2023. Selection criteria were represented by studies on body image concerns or eating psychopathology in the peripartum (up to 1 year after delivery). The population needed to include women from the general population or among patients with a history of (or current) eating disorder. For the meta-analysis, 17 studies were included: 10 for body image dissatisfaction (2625 individuals overall), 7 for eating behaviors (2551 individuals overall). The interplay between body image and the following themes was examined in depth: the adoption of breastfeeding, peripartum depression, sociocultural influences on body image, sexual disturbances, experiencing or reporting an altered food intake. RESULTS Progressive dissatisfaction with body image during pregnancy by gestational age was observed, stably elevated for at least 12 months postpartum. Eating psychopathology was observed as elevated only at 12 months in the postpartum, but not during pregnancy. DISCUSSION The current work offers normative values of body image satisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum by gestational age. The relevance of current results was discussed, in order to inform both current clinical practice and future public policies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I-Evidence obtained from: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pierpaolo Merola
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giulia Selvi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Eleonora Caprara
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pecoraro
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Della Maternità, Padiglione 8B, 50121, Florence, FI, Italy.
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Yang W, Niu G, Shi X, Song K, Zhang Y, Yuan Z. Negative family body talk and negative emotional eating among Chinese adolescent girls and young adult women: The role of body dissatisfaction and feminism consciousness. Appetite 2023:106973. [PMID: 37419281 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotional eating has been increasingly a prominent disordered eating and public health problem among young women, especially during COVID-19. Although previous studies have attempted to explain the relationship between body talk and negative emotional eating, limited studies focused on examining the potential mechanisms, especially the potential protective mechanism. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between negative family body talk (NFBT) and negative emotional eating, as well as its underlying mechanism - the mediating role of body dissatisfaction (BDIS) and the moderating role of feminism consciousness (FC). A cross-sectional study was employed among a sample of Chinese girls and young women (n = 813, Mage = 19.4 years) from a junior college in central China. Participants completed surveys assessing NFBT (Adapted Body Talk Scale), BDIS (Body Image State Scale), negative emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), and FC (Synthesis Subscale from Feminist Identity Composite). A moderated mediation analysis was conducted. The results showed that: (1) after controlling for age and BMI, NFBT was positively associated with negative emotional eating, and BDIS could significantly mediate this relationship (mediating effect = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06]); (2) FC significantly moderated both the direct relationship between NFBT and negative emotional eating and the relationship between NFBT and BDIS. Specifically, these two associations were not significant for participants with higher FC (+1SD above average). This study deepens our understanding of the relationship between NFBT and negative emotional eating, as well as the protective role of FC. If future studies demonstrate causal relationships, this evidence could point to a need for programs to prevent negative emotional eating in young women by increasing their level of feminism consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Yang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Gengfeng Niu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China; Center for Research on Internet Literacy and Behavior, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Central China Normal University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Kuai Song
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China; School of Preschool Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Ezhou, 436032, China
| | - Yumang Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zihui Yuan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Riesco-González FJ, Antúnez-Calvente I, Vázquez-Lara JM, Rodríguez-Díaz L, Palomo-Gómez R, Gómez-Salgado J, García-Iglesias JJ, Parrón-Carreño T, Fernández-Carrasco FJ. Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060752. [PMID: 35744015 PMCID: PMC9228492 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that imply numerous physical and psychological changes that could lead to mental health consequences. The aim of the present study is to identify whether women who had body image dissatisfaction had a higher incidence of postpartum depression 6 months after birth than women who did not have body image dissatisfaction. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 450 women from two hospitals in Andalusia. Quantitative variables were age and scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) for body image dissatisfaction. The qualitative variables used were marital status, self-perceived health status, diet or physical exercise, type of delivery, and others. Results: Body dissatisfaction was positively correlated with the symptomatology of postpartum depression. Thus, for each point increased in body dissatisfaction, the occurrence of depression also increased. There was a relationship between the study variables, so women who were more dissatisfied with their body image were more frequently depressed. Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be established that postpartum depression seems to be related to the presence of poor body image.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Antúnez-Calvente
- Department of Obstetrics, Punta de Europa Hospital, 11207 Algeciras, Spain; (F.J.R.-G.); (I.A.-C.); (J.M.V.-L.); (F.J.F.-C.)
| | - Juana María Vázquez-Lara
- Department of Obstetrics, Punta de Europa Hospital, 11207 Algeciras, Spain; (F.J.R.-G.); (I.A.-C.); (J.M.V.-L.); (F.J.F.-C.)
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cádiz, 11207 Algeciras, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Palomo-Gómez
- Department of Obstetrics, Línea de la Concepción Hospital, 11300 Línea de la Concepción, Spain;
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, University of Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959-219-700
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Territorial Delegation of Equality, Health and Social Policies, Health Delegation of Almeria, Government of Andalusia, 04003 Almeria, Spain;
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