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Mazac R, Hyyrynen M, Kaartinen NE, Männistö S, Irz X, Hyytiäinen K, Tuomisto HL, Lombardini C. Exploring tradeoffs among diet quality and environmental impacts in self-selected diets: a population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1663-1678. [PMID: 38584247 PMCID: PMC11329690 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proposed sustainable diets often deviate dramatically from currently consumed diets, excluding or drastically reducing entire food groups. Moreover, their environmental sustainability tends to be measured only in terms of greenhouse gases emissions. The aim of this study was to overcome these limitations and identify a cluster of already adopted, relatively healthy diets with substantially lower environmental impacts than the average diet. We also aimed to estimate the reduction in multiple environmental impacts that could be achieved by shifting to this diet cluster and highlight possible tradeoffs among environmental impacts. METHODS The diet clusters were identified by applying energy-adjusted multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering to the dietary data of the National FinHealth 2017 Study (n = 5125) harmonized with life cycle assessment data on food products from Agribalyse 3.0 and Agri-Footprint using nutrient intakes and global warming potential, land use, and eutrophication of marine and freshwater systems as the active variables. RESULTS We identified five diet clusters, none of which had the highest overall diet quality and lowest impact for all four environmental indicators. One cluster, including twenty percent of the individuals in the sample was identified as a "best compromise" diet with the highest diet quality and the second lowest environmental impacts of all clusters, except for freshwater eutrophication. The cluster did not exclude any food groups, but included more fruits, vegetables, and fish and less of all other animal-source foods than average. Shifting to this cluster diet could raise diet quality while achieving significant reductions in most but not all environmental impacts. CONCLUSION There are tradeoffs among the environmental impacts of diets. Thus, future dietary analyses should consider multiple sustainability indicators simultaneously. Cluster analysis is a useful tool to help design tailored, socio-culturally acceptable dietary transition paths towards high diet quality and lower environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mazac
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Hyyrynen
- Natural Resource Institute of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Irz
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Economics and Management and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hyytiäinen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Economics and Management and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chiara Lombardini
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Economics and Management and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lonati E, Cazzaniga E, Adorni R, Zanatta F, Belingheri M, Colleoni M, Riva MA, Steca P, Palestini P. Health-Related Lifestyles among University Students: Focusing on Eating Habits and Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:626. [PMID: 38791840 PMCID: PMC11120768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The transition to higher education at University is a critical moment for young adults to acquire unhealthy habits regarding physical activity (PA) and adherence to a healthy diet. Negative behaviors might be maintained in the years to come with a major risk of suffering from a Non-Communicable Disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and PA in the student community of University of Milano-Bicocca. Students between 18 and 30 years old completed an online survey (6949 students). Two analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), chi-square tests of independence, and a binomial logistic regression were performed to examine the relationship between adequacy of food consumption and PA, in association also with sociodemographic characteristics. Data show a strong correlation between behaviors analyzed, with a proportional positive association between PA and healthy diet. Nevertheless, a third of the sample students incur in incorrect habits for both diet and PA. Further, students performing intensive PA have the healthiest food consumption in general but the worst red meat and pork intake. Accordingly, men practice more PA but have a less adequate diet, exactly contrary to women. In conclusion, policies promoting consciousness of well-being would transform Universities into healthy hubs for virtuous habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Francesco Zanatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Matteo Colleoni
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Augusto Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Hentilä A, Männistö S, Kaartinen NE, Jousilahti P, Konttinen H. Associations of food motives with red meat and legume consumption in the population-based DILGOM study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3263-3275. [PMID: 37566116 PMCID: PMC10611614 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve human health and environmental sustainability, red meat consumption should decrease and legume consumption increase in diets. More information on food motives, however, is required when developing more tailored and effective interventions targeting legume and meat consumption. We aimed to examine the associations between food motives and red meat and legume consumption, and whether these associations differ between different subgroups (gender, age groups, marital status, education, BMI). METHODS Ten food motives (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price-cheap, price-value, weight control, familiarity and ethical concern measured with Food Choice Questionnaire) were studied in 3079 Finnish adults in the population-based DILGOM study. Food consumption was assessed with Food Frequency Questionnaire. The adjusted estimates from multivariable regression models are reported. RESULTS Higher relative importance of natural content (β = - 0.275, 95% CI - 0.388; - 0.162) and ethical concern (β = - 0.462, 95% CI - 0.620; - 0.305) were associated with lower red meat consumption, and higher appreciation of sensory appeal (β = 0.482, 95% CI 0.347; 0.616) and price-cheap (β = 0.190, 95% CI 0.099; 0.281) with higher red meat consumption. Higher importance of health (β = 0.608, 95% CI 0.390; 0.825) was associated with higher legume consumption, and higher appreciation of convenience (β = - 0.401, 95% CI - 0.522; - 0.279), price-value (β = - 0.257, 95% CI - 0.380; - 0.133) and familiarity (β = - 0.278, 95% CI - 0.393; - 0.164) with lower legume consumption. The associations of particularly ethical concern, weight control, sensory appeal and mood varied according to gender, age, marital status or BMI. CONCLUSION The development and implementation of actions to decrease red meat and increase legume consumption should focus on several food motives across different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Factors affecting stated liking for meat products: Focus on demographics, oral responsiveness, personality, and psycho-attitudinal traits. Meat Sci 2023; 195:109004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Di Novi C, Marenzi A. Improving health and sustainability: Patterns of red and processed meat consumption across generations. Health Policy 2022; 126:1324-1330. [PMID: 36266131 PMCID: PMC9709574 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study explores whether the widespread dissemination of Western-type culture and the globalization of food production and consumption that have characterized Italy for decades may have influenced red and processed meat consumption across generations. For the purpose of our study, we constructed a pseudo-panel derived from repeated cross-sections of the annual household survey, "Aspects of Daily Life," that was part of the Multipurpose Survey carried out by the Italian National Statistical Office (ISTAT) from 1997 to 2012. We adopted an APC (Age, Period, Cohort) approach that involves age, period, and cohort effects. We followed the experiences of four cohorts: the Silent Generation (born 1926-1945), the Baby Boomer 1 Generation (1946-1955), the Baby Boomer 2 Generation (1956-1965), and Generation X (1966-1980). Our results revealed that increases in disposable income, changes in women's role in society, and urbanization and globalization have had significant effects on consumption patterns. The analysis shows that the older generations have changed their diets more in favor of meat consumption than later generations, with more change in the relatively affluent north of the country compared with the south, while the youngest generations are more likely to adopt more healthful and environmentally sustainable eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Novi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 267, Ispra, VA 21027, Italy.
| | - Anna Marenzi
- Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, San Giobbe, Cannaregio 873, Venice 30121, Italy
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Kaartinen NE, Tapanainen H, Maukonen M, Päivärinta E, Valsta LM, Itkonen ST, Pajari AM, Männistö S. Partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes: a modelling study of the impact on nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy on the population level. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-12. [PMID: 36336466 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The shift towards plant-based diets with less meat and more legumes is a global target and requires an understanding of the consequences of dietary adequacy on the population level. Our aim was to model the impact of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes on nutrient intakes and population shares below dietary reference intakes. DESIGN Modelling study with three scenarios anchored in meat cut-offs: ≤ 70 g/d (Finnish dietary guideline); ≤ 50 g/d (Danish dietary guideline); ≤ 30 g/d (EAT-Lancet recommendation). In all subjects, the amount of meat in grams over the cut-off was replaced with the same amount of legumes. The SPADE method was used to model usual intake distributions. Meaningful differences in average intakes and in population shares below dietary reference intakes compared to the reference (FinDiet) were evaluated based on non-overlapping 95 % CI. SETTING Finnish national food consumption survey (FinDiet 2017). SUBJECTS Finnish adults (n 1655) aged18-74 years (47 % men). RESULTS The scenarios introduced increases in the average intakes of fibre, folate, K, Mg, Cu and Fe, and decreases in intakes of saturated fat, niacin, vitamin B12, Se and Zn. Meaningful shifts of the usual intake distributions of fibre and folate towards improvement in intakes emerged already in 'scenario 70 g'. Overall, distribution shifts towards a higher probability of inadequate intakes of the studied nutrients were not observed. CONCLUSIONS These results support the public health message to partly replace meat with legumes and may benefit nutrition policy actions towards sustainable diets in the Nordic countries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Päivärinta
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Valsta
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi T Itkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271Helsinki, Finland
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Disparities in Nutritional Adequacy of Diets between Different Socioeconomic Groups of Finnish Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071347. [PMID: 35405960 PMCID: PMC9002951 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on dietary adequacy is needed to assess food and nutrition security in a modern society, especially in the transition towards climate-friendly food systems. In this study, differences in the nutritional adequacy of diets among Finnish adults were evaluated in population groups of different education, income and urbanisation levels. The study used data from the FinDiet 2017 Survey (n = 1655, 18-74 years). Modelled usual intakes of foods and nutrients were evaluated relative to food-based dietary guidelines issued by the National Nutrition Council of Finland (FNNC) and with respect to nutrient adequacy following the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and FNNC. For about half of the nutrients studied, intakes were found to be adequate. Intakes of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and salt were estimated to be high. By contrast, inadequate intakes were seen in folate and vitamins A, D, B1, B2 and C in almost all groups studied. Groups with a higher education and income, groups that lived in urban areas and, in particular, women adhered more closely to recommended food consumption and nutrient intakes than others. However, major challenges posed by the Finnish diet are common to all groups studied, and only certain dietary features evaluated in view of nutritional adequacy are associated with socioeconomic differences.
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