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Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bansal A, Pandey MK, Barham W, Liu X, Harrington SM, Lucien F, Dong H, Park SS, DeGrado TR. Non-invasive immunoPET imaging of PD-L1 using anti-PD-L1-B11 in breast cancer and melanoma tumor model. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 100-101:4-11. [PMID: 34119742 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) is efficacious in various solid and hematologic malignancies. However, the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is only 15-35%. To obtain optimal clinical response to ICI therapies, a reliable assessment of tumor PD-L1 expression is needed to select appropriate patients, and a non-invasive imaging-based assessment of PD-L1 expression is critically needed. Although radiolabeled PET probes based on PD-L1 targeted therapeutic antibodies (e.g. atezolizumab) have shown encouraging results, there is concern that residual therapeutic antibody may compete for binding with the radiotracer thereby compromising imaging studies that follow treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used novel anti-PD-L1-B11 clone antibody known to bind to a different epitope of PD-L1 than the therapeutic antibodies to avoid potential saturation effects. The anti-PD-L1-B11 clone was radiolabeled with zirconium-89 and evaluated to detect PD-L1 expression in various in vitro and in vivo cancer model systems in comparison with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-atezolizumab. In vitro binding parameters of anti-PD-L1-B11 were like those of atezolizumab. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-anti-PD-L1-B11 clone showed favorable properties to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-atezolizumab in an in vivo breast cancer tumor model system with higher uptake in PD-L1 expressing tumors. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-anti-PD-L1-B11 exhibits excellent imaging properties for the assessment PD-L1 expression. The independent binding site of anti-PD-L1-B11 relative to therapeutic anti-PD-L1 antibodies may be advantageous for anti-PD-L1 therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bansal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Selective targeting of nanomedicine to inflamed cerebral vasculature to enhance the blood-brain barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3405-3414. [PMID: 32005712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting to inflammatory brain pathologies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury remains an elusive goal. Using a mouse model of acute brain inflammation induced by local tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), we found that uptake of intravenously injected antibody to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (anti-VCAM) in the inflamed brain is >10-fold greater than antibodies to transferrin receptor-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (TfR-1 and ICAM-1). Furthermore, uptake of anti-VCAM/liposomes exceeded that of anti-TfR and anti-ICAM counterparts by ∼27- and ∼8-fold, respectively, achieving brain/blood ratio >300-fold higher than that of immunoglobulin G/liposomes. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging affirmed specific anti-VCAM/liposome targeting to inflamed brain in mice. Intravital microscopy via cranial window and flow cytometry showed that in the inflamed brain anti-VCAM/liposomes bind to endothelium, not to leukocytes. Anti-VCAM/LNP selectively accumulated in the inflamed brain, providing de novo expression of proteins encoded by cargo messenger RNA (mRNA). Anti-VCAM/LNP-mRNA mediated expression of thrombomodulin (a natural endothelial inhibitor of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular leakage) and alleviated TNFα-induced brain edema. Thus VCAM-directed nanocarriers provide a platform for cerebrovascular targeting to inflamed brain, with the goal of normalizing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, thus benefiting numerous brain pathologies.
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Denoël T, Pedrelli L, Pantaleo G, Prior JO. A Robust Method for Assaying the Immunoreactive Fraction in Nonequilibrium Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E177. [PMID: 31817013 PMCID: PMC6958493 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoreactive fraction r provides important information on the functional purity of radiolabeled proteins. It is traditionally determined by saturating the radioimmunoconjugate with an increasing excess of antigen, followed by linear extrapolation to infinite antigen excess in a double inverse "Lindmo plot". Although several reports have described shortcomings in the Lindmo plot, a systematic examination is lacking. Using an experimental and simulation-based approach, we compared-for accuracy, precision and robustness-the Lindmo plot with the "rectangular hyperbola" extrapolation method based on the Langmuir model. The differences between the theoretical and extrapolated r values demonstrate that nonequilibrium and antigen depletion are important sources of error. The mathematical distortions resulting from the linearization of the data in the Lindmo plot induce fragility towards stochastic errors and make it necessary to exclude low bound fractions. The rectangular hyperbola provides robust and precise r estimates from raw binding data, even for slow kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Denoël
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.P.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Luca Pedrelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.P.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - John O. Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.P.); (J.O.P.)
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Marcos-Contreras OA, Brenner JS, Kiseleva RY, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Greineder CF, Villa CH, Hood ED, Myerson JW, Muro S, Persidsky Y, Muzykantov VR. Combining vascular targeting and the local first pass provides 100-fold higher uptake of ICAM-1-targeted vs untargeted nanocarriers in the inflamed brain. J Control Release 2019; 301:54-61. [PMID: 30871995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New advances in intra-arterial (IA) catheters offer clinically proven local interventions in the brain. Here we tested the effect of combining local IA delivery and vascular immunotargeting. Microinjection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the brain parenchyma causes cerebral overexpression of Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mice. Systemic intravenous injection of ICAM-1 antibody (anti-ICAM-1) and anti-ICAM-1/liposomes provided nearly an order of magnitude higher uptake in the inflamed vs normal brain (from ~0.1 to 0.8%ID/g for liposomes). Local injection of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-ICAM-1/liposomes via carotid artery catheter provided an additional respective 2-fold and 5-fold elevation of uptake in the inflamed brain vs levels attained by IV injection. The uptake in the inflamed brain of respective untargeted IgG counterparts was markedly lower (e.g., uptake of anti-ICAM-1/liposomes was 100-fold higher vs IgG/liposomes). These data affirm the specificity of the combined effect of the first pass and immunotargeting. Intravital real-time microscopy via cranial window revealed that anti-ICAM-1/liposomes, but not IgG/liposomes bind to the lumen of blood vessels in the inflamed brain within minutes after injection. This straightforward framework provides the basis for translational efforts towards local vascular drug targeting to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Khoshnejad M, Brenner JS, Motley W, Parhiz H, Greineder CF, Villa CH, Marcos-Contreras OA, Tsourkas A, Muzykantov VR. Molecular engineering of antibodies for site-specific covalent conjugation using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1760. [PMID: 29379029 PMCID: PMC5789018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific modification of antibodies has become a critical aspect in the development of next-generation immunoconjugates meeting criteria of clinically acceptable homogeneity, reproducibility, efficacy, ease of manufacturability, and cost-effectiveness. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing, we developed a simple and novel approach to produce site-specifically modified antibodies. A sortase tag was genetically incorporated into the C-terminal end of the third immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (CH3) within a hybridoma cell line to manufacture antibodies capable of site-specific conjugation. This enabled an effective enzymatic site-controlled conjugation of fluorescent and radioactive cargoes to a genetically tagged mAb without impairment of antigen binding activity. After injection in mice, these immunoconjugates showed almost doubled specific targeting in the lung vs. chemically conjugated maternal mAb, and concomitant reduction in uptake in the liver and spleen. The approach outlined in this work provides a facile method for the development of more homogeneous, reproducible, effective, and scalable antibody conjugates for use as therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - William Motley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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