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Rahman MM, Rahman MS, Khan MHR, Yeasmin S. Assessment of radiation level and potential risk to public living around major hospitals in central and western Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19774. [PMID: 37810098 PMCID: PMC10559106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human beings are continuously bathed in radiation coming from natural and artificial sources. Although the use of radiation in medical applications is beneficial to patients, it also contributes significantly to the health hazard for radiation workers and the public if radiation-generating equipment and radioactive sources are not handled properly. 96% dose contributed from medical uses of ionizing radiation in the US population among man-made sources as per NCRP Report No. 160. There is no extensive study conducted on the large hospitals in Bangladesh following the In-Situ method. We used a real-time digital portable radiation monitor with Garmin eTrex Global Positioning System at 320 monitoring points for radiation monitoring and positioning around the ten largest hospitals in central & western Bangladesh from September to November 2021. The mean radiation dose rates around Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Evercare Hospital, Khulna Medical College Hospital, Mitford Hospital, National Institute of Cancer Research Hospital, Popular Hospital, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, and Square Hospitals were measured as 0.145 ± 0.012 μSv/h, 0.135 ± 0.009 μSv/h, 0.148 ± 0.008 μSv/h, 0.139 ± 0.01 μSv/h, 0.133 ± 0.007 μSv/h, 0.153 ± 0.011 μSv/h, 0.144 ± 0.012 μSv/h, 0.137 ± 0.008 μSv/h, 0.145 ± 0.01 μSv/h, and 0.153 ± 0.009 μSv/h, respectively. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of the public who lives nearby the hospital's boundary was estimated at 1.05 × 10-3, 0.983 × 10-3, 1.071 × 10-3, 1.004 × 10-3, 0.964 × 10-3, 1.084 × 10-3, 1.043 × 10-3,0.996 × 10-3, 1.051 × 10-3 & 1.112 × 10-3 respectively. ELCR in most of the locations around the ten largest hospitals in central & western Bangladesh is higher than the global average value. Radiation monitoring is significant for minimizing the public's radiation risk and keeping hospital environments as radiation-free as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Sohelur Rahman
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, 4 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Benà E, Ciotoli G, Ruggiero L, Coletti C, Bossew P, Massironi M, Mazzoli C, Mair V, Morelli C, Galgaro A, Morozzi P, Tositti L, Sassi R. Evaluation of tectonically enhanced radon in fault zones by quantification of the radon activity index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21586. [PMID: 36517656 PMCID: PMC9751298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the importance of the Geogenic Radon Potential (GRP) component originated by degassing processes in fault zones. This Tectonically Enhanced Radon (TER) can increase radon concentration in soil gas and the inflow of radon in the buildings (Indoor Radon Concentrations, IRC). Although tectonically related radon enhancement is known in areas characterised by active faults, few studies have investigated radon migration processes in non-active fault zones. The Pusteria Valley (Bolzano, north-eastern Italy) represents an ideal geological setting to study the role of a non-seismic fault system in enhancing the geogenic radon. Here, most of the municipalities are characterised by high IRC. We performed soil gas surveys in three of these municipalities located along a wide section of the non-seismic Pusteria fault system characterised by a dense network of faults and fractures. Results highlight the presence of high Rn concentrations (up to 800 kBq·m-3) with anisotropic spatial patterns oriented along the main strike of the fault system. We calculated a Radon Activity Index (RAI) along north-south profiles across the Pusteria fault system and found that TER is linked to high fault geochemical activities. This evidence confirms that TER constitutes a significant component of GRP also along non-seismic faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Benà
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ciotoli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria (IGAG), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy ,grid.410348.a0000 0001 2300 5064Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Ruggiero
- grid.410348.a0000 0001 2300 5064Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Coletti
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Bossew
- Retired from Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radon and NORM, Köpenicker Allee 120-130, 10318 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteo Massironi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Mazzoli
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Volkmar Mair
- Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Ufficio Geologia e Prove Materiali, Cardano-Kardaun, Italy
| | - Corrado Morelli
- Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Ufficio Geologia e Prove Materiali, Cardano-Kardaun, Italy
| | - Antonio Galgaro
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Morozzi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Tositti
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sassi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
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3
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Modzelewski L, Jednorog S, Woloszczuk K, Krajewski P, Mazur L, Klis B, Baranowska Z, Jakubowska A, Norenberg M, Kawalec A, Skrzynski W. Dependence of photon registration efficiency on LaBr 3(Ce) detector orientation for in situ radionuclide monitoring. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109974. [PMID: 34653881 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of a radiation detector's numerical characteristics allows its energy efficiency to be calibrated theoretically for any measurement geometry. Here, energy efficiency calibration is discussed for oriented LaBr3(Ce) detectors used for in situ radiation monitoring. Vertical and horizontal detector orientations relative to the ground surface are compared using efficiency calibrations based on the detector's numerical characteristics and are equally effective. Quantitative assessment of the different measurement geometries was performed using a new analytical approach: integrated absolute full energy peak efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Modzelewski
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Jednorog
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Woloszczuk
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Krajewski
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Mazur
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej Klis
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Baranowska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Jakubowska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Norenberg
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Kawalec
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7 Str., 03-194, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Skrzynski
- The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5 Str., 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cinelli G, Tositti L, Mostacci D, Baré J. Calibration with MCNP of NaI detector for the determination of natural radioactivity levels in the field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 155-156:31-37. [PMID: 26913974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of assessing natural radioactivity with on-site quantitative gamma spectrometry, efficiency calibration of NaI(Tl) detectors is investigated. A calibration based on Monte Carlo simulation of detector response is proposed, to render reliable quantitative analysis practicable in field campaigns. The method is developed with reference to contact geometry, in which measurements are taken placing the NaI(Tl) probe directly against the solid source to be analyzed. The Monte Carlo code used for the simulations was MCNP. Experimental verification of the calibration goodness is obtained by comparison with appropriate standards, as reported. On-site measurements yield a quick quantitative assessment of natural radioactivity levels present ((40)K, (238)U and (232)Th). On-site gamma spectrometry can prove particularly useful insofar as it provides information on materials from which samples cannot be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cinelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), Nuclear Security Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy.
| | - Laura Tositti
- Department of Chemistry «Giacomo Ciamician», Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domiziano Mostacci
- Laboratory of Nuclear Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via dei Colli 16, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonathan Baré
- Laboratoire de Physique des Radiations, Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles, H.-E. Paul-Henri Spaak, Rue Royale, 150, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Kardos R, Sas Z, Hegedűs M, Shahrokhi A, Somlai J, Kovács T. Radionuclide content of NORM by-products originating from the coal-fired power plant in Oroszlány (Hungary). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 167:266-269. [PMID: 25944954 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
At the Thermal Power Plant in Oroszlány (Hungary), a huge amount of by-products have been produced since 1961. In this survey, coal and other by-products were examined (fly ash, bottom ash, fluidised bed bottom ash, gypsum and slurry-type ash). The natural isotopes were determined using an HPGe detector. It was found that the radionuclide content of coal was significantly lower ((226)Ra = 45.3±6.3, (232)Th = 26.3±5.7 and (40)K = 210±21 Bq kg(-1)) than that in the case of ashes other than the fluidised type. The average values of the bottom ash-deposited in the largest quantities-were three times higher than those for coal ((226)Ra = 144±18, (232)Th = 84.3±14 and (40)K = 260±25 Bq kg(-1)). In the case of fractionised bottom ash, the radionuclide content of <0.1 mm was 45 % higher than that of >1.6 mm and the massic radon exhalation of <0.1 mm was approximately four times higher than that above this range.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kardos
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary Social Organization of Radioecological Cleanliness, 10. Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Z Sas
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - M Hegedűs
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - A Shahrokhi
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - J Somlai
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem str. H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
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Usability of clay mixed red mud in Hungarian building material production industry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Caciolli A, Baldoncini M, Bezzon GP, Broggini C, Buso GP, Callegari I, Colonna T, Fiorentini G, Guastaldi E, Mantovani F, Massa G, Menegazzo R, Mou L, Alvarez CR, Shyti M, Zanon A, Xhixha G. A new FSA approach for in situ γ ray spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:639-645. [PMID: 22137648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An increasing demand of environmental radioactivity monitoring comes both from the scientific community and from the society. This requires accurate, reliable and fast response preferably from portable radiation detectors. Thanks to recent improvements in the technology, γ spectroscopy with sodium iodide scintillators has been proved to be an excellent tool for in-situ measurements for the identification and quantitative determination of γ ray emitting radioisotopes, reducing time and costs. Both for geological and civil purposes not only (40)K, (238)U, and (232)Th have to be measured, but there is also a growing interest to determine the abundances of anthropic elements, like (137)Cs and (131)I, which are used to monitor the effect of nuclear accidents or other human activities. The Full Spectrum Analysis (FSA) approach has been chosen to analyze the γ spectra. The Non Negative Least Square (NNLS) and the energy calibration adjustment have been implemented in this method for the first time in order to correct the intrinsic problem related with the χ(2) minimization which could lead to artifacts and non physical results in the analysis. A new calibration procedure has been developed for the FSA method by using in situ γ spectra instead of calibration pad spectra. Finally, the new method has been validated by acquiring γ spectra with a 10.16 cm × 10.16 cm sodium iodide detector in 80 different sites in the Ombrone basin, in Tuscany. The results from the FSA method have been compared with the laboratory measurements by using HPGe detectors on soil samples collected particular, the (137)Cs isotopes has been implemented in the analysis since it has been found not negligible during the in-situ measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caciolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Padova Section, Via Marzolo 8-35131 Padova, Italy.
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