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Vanermen M, Ligeour M, Oliveira MC, Gestin JF, Elvas F, Navarro L, Guérard F. Astatine-211 radiolabelling chemistry: from basics to advanced biological applications. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:69. [PMID: 39365487 PMCID: PMC11452365 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 211At-radiopharmaceuticals are currently the subject of growing studies for targeted alpha therapy of cancers, which leads to the widening of the scope of the targeting vectors, from small molecules to peptides and proteins. This has prompted, during the past decade, to a renewed interest in developing novel 211At-labelling approaches and novel prosthetic groups to address the diverse scenarios and to reach improved efficiency and robustness of procedures as well as an appropriate in vivo stability of the label. MAIN BODY Translated from the well-known (radio)iodine chemistry, the long preferred electrophilic astatodemetallation using trialkylaryltin precursors is now complemented by new approaches using electrophilic or nucleophilic At. Alternatives to the astatoaryl moiety have been proposed to improve labelling stability, and the range of prosthetic groups available to label proteins has expanded. CONCLUSION In this report, we cover the evolution of radiolabelling chemistry, from the initial strategies developed in the late 1970's to the most recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Vanermen
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Ligeour
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Cristina Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares and Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - François Guérard
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.
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2
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Dong T, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhuo W, Cui T, Li Z. Synthesis Principle and Practice with Radioactive Iodines and Astatine: Advances Made So Far. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11837-11863. [PMID: 39173032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive iodines and astatine, possessing distinct exploitable nuclear properties, play indispensable roles in the realms of nuclear imaging and therapy. Their analogous chemical characteristics shape the design, preparation, and substrate range for tracers labeled with these radiohalogens through interconnected radiosynthetic chemistry. This perspective systematically explores the labeling methods by types of halogenating reagents─nucleophilic and electrophilic─underpinning the rational design of such compounds. It delves into the rapidly evolving synthetic strategies and reactions in radioiodination and radioastatination over the past decade, comparing their intrinsic relationships and highlighting variations. This comparative analysis illuminates potential radiosynthetic methods for exploration. Moreover, stability concerns related to compounds labeled with radioactive iodines and astatine are addressed, offering valuable insights for radiochemists and physicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Weicai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Weibin Zhuo
- Alpha Nuclide Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Tongjiang Cui
- Alpha Nuclide Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integrations in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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Gao J, Li M, Yin J, Liu M, Wang H, Du J, Li J. The Different Strategies for the Radiolabeling of [ 211At]-Astatinated Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38931860 PMCID: PMC11206656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At) has emerged as a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy of cancer by virtue of its favorable nuclear properties. However, the limited in vivo stability of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals remains a major challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current strategies for 211At radiolabeling, including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions, as well as the recent advances in the development of novel bifunctional coupling agents and labeling approaches to enhance the stability of 211At-labeled compounds. The preclinical and clinical applications of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, are also discussed. Looking forward, the identification of new molecular targets, the optimization of 211At production and quality control methods, and the continued evaluation of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical settings will be the key to realizing the full potential of 211At-based targeted alpha therapy. With the growing interest and investment in this field, 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are poised to play an increasingly important role in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
| | - Mei Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Jingjing Yin
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengya Liu
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
| | - Hongliang Wang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
| | - Jin Du
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
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Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Radiolabeling chemistry with heavy halogens iodine and astatine. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Maingueneau C, Berdal M, Eychenne R, Gaschet J, Chérel M, Gestin JF, Guérard F. 211At and 125I-labeling of (hetero)aryliodonium ylides: astatine wins again. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104169. [PMID: 34965315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in radioiodine and 211 At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, the search for radiolabeling reactions has been somewhat neglected, resulting in a limited number of available radiosynthetic strategies. Herein we report a comparative study of nucleophilic 125 I and 211 At-labeling of aryliodonium ylides. Whereas radioiodination efficiency was low, 211 At-labeling performed efficiently on a broad scope of precursors. The most activated aryliodonium ylides led rapidly to quantitative reactions at room temperature in acetonitrile. For deactivated precursors, heating up to 90°C in glyme and addition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as radical scavenger appeared essential to avoid precursor degradation and to achieve high radiochemical yields and molar activity. The approach was applied successfully to the preparation of 4-[ 211 At]astatophenylalanine (4-APA), an amino acid derivative increasingly studied as radiotherapeutic drug for cancers. This validated aryliodonium ylides as a valuable tool for nucleophilic 211 At-labeling and will complement the short but now growing list of available astatination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Maingueneau
- CRCINA: ERL Centre de Cancerologie et d'Immunologie Nantes-Angers, team 13, 8 Quai Moncousu,, 44007, Nantes, FRANCE
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Hanaoka H, Ohshima Y, Suzuki H, Sasaki I, Watabe T, Ooe K, Watanabe S, Ishioka NS. Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect of 2- 211At-astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine with Probenecid Loading. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215514. [PMID: 34771676 PMCID: PMC8583516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To enhance the therapeutic effect of 2-211At-astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine (2-211At-AAMP), a radiopharmaceutical for targeted alpha therapy, we evaluated the effect of probenecid loading on its biodistribution and therapeutic effect in mice. Probenecid preloading significantly delayed the clearance of 2-211At-AAMP from the blood, increasing its accumulation in tumors. Consequently, the therapeutic effect of 2-211At-AAMP markedly improved. These results indicate that 2-211At-AAMP with probenecid loading is useful for the treatment of various types of cancers. Abstract L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) might be a useful target for tumor therapy since it is highly expressed in various types of cancers. We previously developed an astatine-211 (211At)-labeled amino acid derivative, 2-211At-astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine (2-211At-AAMP), and demonstrated its therapeutic potential for LAT1-positive cancers. However, the therapeutic effect of 2-211At-AAMP was insufficient, probably due to its low tumor retention. The preloading of probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor, can delay the clearance of some amino acid tracers from the blood and consequently increase their accumulation in tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effect of probenecid preloading on the biodistribution and therapeutic effect of 2-211At-AAMP in mice. In biodistribution studies, the blood radioactivity of 2-211At-AAMP significantly increased with probenecid preloading. Consequently, the accumulation of 2-211At-AAMP in tumors was significantly higher with probenecid than without probenecid loading. In a therapeutic study, tumor growth was suppressed by 2-211At-AAMP with probenecid, and the tumor volume was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the untreated control group from day 2 to day 30 (end of the follow-up period) after treatment. These results indicate that probenecid loading could improve the therapeutic effect of 2-211At-AAMP by increasing its accumulation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiotheranostics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-2452
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.S.); (S.W.); (N.S.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.S.); (S.W.); (N.S.I.)
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.W.); (K.O.)
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.W.); (K.O.)
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.S.); (S.W.); (N.S.I.)
| | - Noriko S. Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.S.); (S.W.); (N.S.I.)
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8
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Farzipour S, Shaghaghi Z, Abbasi S, Albooyeh H, Alvandi M. Recent Achievements about Targeted Alpha Therapy-Based Targeting Vectors and Chelating Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1496-1510. [PMID: 34315393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly growing options in the management of cancer therapy is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) through which lethal α-emitting radionuclides conjugated to tumor-targeting vectors selectively deliver high amount of radiation to cancer cells.225Ac, 212Bi, 211At, 213Bi, and 223Ra have been investigated by plenty of clinical trials and preclinical researches for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micro-metastatic disease, and post-surgery residual disease. In order to send maximum radiation to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells, a high affinity of targeting vectors to cancer tissue is essential. Besides that, the stable and specific complex between chelating agent and α-emitters was found as a crucial parameter. The present review was planned to highlight recent achievements about TAT-based targeting vectors and chelating agents and provide further insight for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Albooyeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Shirakami Y, Watabe T, Obata H, Kaneda K, Ooe K, Liu Y, Teramoto T, Toyoshima A, Shinohara A, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Fukase K. Synthesis of [ 211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine by dihydroxyboryl-astatine substitution reaction in aqueous solution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12982. [PMID: 34155314 PMCID: PMC8217504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At)-labeled phenylalanine is expected to be a promising agent for targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of patients with glioma. The existing reactions to prepare the labeled compound usually require organic solvents and metals that are toxic and hazardous to the environment. In this study, we developed a novel method wherein astatination was realized via the substitution of 211At for a dihydroxyboryl group coupled to phenylalanine. [211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine was obtained as the carrier-free product in aqueous medium in high radiochemical yields (98.1 ± 1.9%, n = 5). The crude reaction mixture was purified by solid-phase extraction, and the radiochemical purity of the product was 99.3 ± 0.7% (n = 5). The high yield and purity were attributed to the formation of [211At]AtI and AtI2- as the reactive intermediates in the astatination reaction. The reaction did not require any organic solvents or toxic reagents, suggesting that this method is suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Shirakami
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Honoka Obata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Teramoto
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Tracer Kinetics and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
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10
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Eychenne R, Chérel M, Haddad F, Guérard F, Gestin JF. Overview of the Most Promising Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy: The "Hopeful Eight". Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060906. [PMID: 34207408 PMCID: PMC8234975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). From this selection, actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior, allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Férid Haddad
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS, Subatech, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
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11
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Manabe S, Takashima H, Ohnuki K, Koga Y, Tsumura R, Iwata N, Wang Y, Yokokita T, Komori Y, Usuda S, Mori D, Haba H, Fujii H, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y. Stabilization of an 211At-Labeled Antibody with Sodium Ascorbate. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14887-14895. [PMID: 34151070 PMCID: PMC8209801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
211At, an α-particle emitter, has recently attracted attention for radioimmunotherapy of intractable cancers. However, our sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses revealed that 211At-labeled immunoconjugates are easily disrupted. Luminol assay revealed that reactive oxygen species generated from radiolysis of water caused the disruption of 211At-labeled immunoconjugates. To retain their functions, we explored methods to protect 211At-immunoconjugates from oxidation and enhance their stability. Among several other reducing agents, sodium ascorbate most safely and successfully protected 211At-labeled trastuzumab from oxidative stress and retained the stability of the 211At-labeled antibody and its cytotoxicity against antigen-expressing cells for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical
Department, Hoshi University 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3
Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Glycometabolic
Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
- Department
of Strategic Programs, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwata
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuya Yokokita
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department
of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center
Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Vaidyanathan G, Mease RC, Minn I, Choi J, Chen Y, Shallal H, Kang CM, McDougald D, Kumar V, Pomper MG, Zalutsky MR. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of 211At-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen for targeted alpha particle therapy of prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 94-95:67-80. [PMID: 33601187 PMCID: PMC7987787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high potency and short tissue range of α-particles are attractive features for targeted radionuclide therapy, particularly for cancers with micro-metastases. In the current study, we describe the synthesis of a series of 211At-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors and their preliminary evaluation as potential agents for metastatic prostate cancer treatment. METHODS Four novel Glu-urea based PSMA ligands containing a trialkyl stannyl group were synthesized and labeled with 211At, and for comparative purposes, 131I, via halodestannylation reactions with N-chlorosuccinimide as the oxidant. A PSMA inhibitory assay was performed to evaluate PSMA binding of the unlabeled, iodinated compounds. A series of paired-label biodistribution experiments were performed to compare each 211At-labeled PSMA ligand to its 131I-labeled counterpart in mice bearing subcutaneous PC3 PSMA+ PIP xenografts. RESULTS Radiochemical yields ranged from 32% to 65% for the 211At-labeled PSMA inhibitors and were consistently lower than those obtained with the corresponding 131I-labeled analogue. Good localization in PC3 PSMA+ PIP but not control xenografts was observed for all labeled molecules studied, which exhibited a variable degree of in vivo dehalogenation as reflected by thyroid and stomach activity levels. Normal tissue uptake and in vivo stability for several of the compounds was markedly improved compared with the previously evaluated compounds, [211At]DCABzL and [*I]DCIBzL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Compared with the first generation compound [211At]DCABzL, several of the novel 211At-labeled PSMA ligands exhibited markedly improved stability in vivo and higher tumor-to-normal tissue ratios. [211At]GV-620 has the most promising characteristics and warrants further evaluation as a targeted radiotherapeutic for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hassan Shallal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Berdal M, Gouard S, Eychenne R, Marionneau-Lambot S, Croyal M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Chérel M, Gaschet J, Gestin JF, Guérard F. Investigation on the reactivity of nucleophilic radiohalogens with arylboronic acids in water: access to an efficient single-step method for the radioiodination and astatination of antibodies. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1458-1468. [PMID: 34163909 PMCID: PMC8179031 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Easy access to radioiodinated and 211At-labelled bio(macro)molecules is essential to develop new strategies in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of cancers. Yet, the labelling of complex molecules with heavy radiohalogens is often poorly effective due to the multiple steps and intermediate purifications needed. Herein, we investigate the potential of arylboron chemistry as an alternative approach for the late stage labelling of antibodies. The reactivity of a model precursor, 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid (1) with nucleophilic iodine-125 and astatine-211 was at first investigated in aqueous conditions. In the presence of a copper(ii) catalyst and 1,10-phenanthroline, quantitative radiochemical yields (RCYs) were achieved within 30 minutes at room temperature. The optimum conditions were then applied to a CD138 targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously been validated for imaging and therapy in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. RCYs remained high (>80% for 125I-labelling and >95% for 211At-labelling), and the whole procedure led to increased specific activities within less time in comparison with previously reported methods. Biodistribution study in mice indicated that targeting properties of the radiolabelled mAb were well preserved, leading to a high tumour uptake in a CD138 expressing tumour model. The possibility of divergent synthesis from a common modified carrier protein demonstrated herein opens facilitated perspectives in radiotheranostic applications with the radioiodine/211At pairs. Overall, the possibility to develop radiolabelling kits offered by this procedure should facilitate its translation to clinical applications. The high reactivity of astatine and iodine in water with arylboronic acids provides access to an efficient single-step antibody radiolabelling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Berdal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Sébastien Gouard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Romain Eychenne
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Arronax GIP Saint-Herblain France
| | - Séverine Marionneau-Lambot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility F-44000 Nantes France.,NUN, INRA, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280, PhAN, IMAD, CRNH-O F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,ICO-René Gauducheau Saint-Herblain France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
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14
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Ohshima Y, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Sasaki I, Watanabe S, Haba H, Arano Y, Tsushima Y, Ishioka NS. Preclinical evaluation of new α-radionuclide therapy targeting LAT1: 2-[ 211At]astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine in tumor-bearing model. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:15-22. [PMID: 32916470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted α-radionuclide therapy has attracted attention as a promising therapy for refractory cancers. However, the application is limited to certain types of cancer. Since L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various human cancers, we prepared an LAT1-selective α-radionuclide-labeled amino acid analog, 2-[211At]astato-α-methyl-L-phenylalanine (2-[211At]AAMP), and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic agent. METHODS 2-[211At]AAMP was prepared from the stannyl precursor. Stability of 2-[211At]AAMP was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies using an LAT1-expressing human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3, were performed to evaluate cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of 2-[211At]AAMP. Biodistribution and therapeutic studies in SKOV3-bearing mice were performed after intravenous injection of 2-[211At]AAMP. RESULTS 2-[211At]AAMP was stable in murine plasma in vitro and excreted intact into urine. Cellular uptake of 2-[211At]AAMP was inhibited by treatment with an LAT1-selective inhibitor. After 24 h incubation, 2-[211At]AAMP suppressed clonogenic growth at 10 kBq/ml, and induced cell death and DNA double-strand breaks at 25 kBq/ml. When injected into mice, 2-[211At]AAMP exhibited peak accumulation in the tumor at 30 min postinjection, and radioactivity levels in the tumor were retained up to 60 min. The majority of the radioactivity was rapidly eliminated from the body into urine in an intact form immediately after injection. 2-[211At]AAMP significantly improved the survival of mice (P < 0.05) without serious side effects. CONCLUSION 2-[211At]AAMP showed α-radiation-dependent cellular growth inhibition after it was taken up via LAT1. In addition, 2-[211At]AAMP had a beneficial effect on survival in vivo. These findings suggest that 2-[211At]AAMP would be useful for the treatment of LAT1-positive cancer. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This is the first report of an LAT1-targeting radiopharmaceutical for α-radionuclide therapy; this agent would be applicable for the treatment of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sasaki
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Superheavy Element Production Team, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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15
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Lindegren S, Albertsson P, Bäck T, Jensen H, Palm S, Aneheim E. Realizing Clinical Trials with Astatine-211: The Chemistry Infrastructure. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:425-436. [PMID: 32077749 PMCID: PMC7465635 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the consensus around the clinical potential of the α-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At), there are only a limited number of research facilities that work with this nuclide. There are three main reasons for this: (1) Scarce availability of the nuclide. Despite a relatively large number of globally existing cyclotrons capable of producing 211At, few cyclotron facilities produce the nuclide on a regular basis. (2) Lack of a chemical infrastructure, that is, isolation of 211At from irradiated targets and the subsequent synthesis of an astatinated product. At present, the research groups that work with 211At depend on custom systems for recovering 211At from the irradiated targets. Setting up and implementing such custom units require long lead times to provide a proper working system. (3) The chemistry of 211At. Compared with radiometals there are no well-established and generally accepted synthesis methods for forming sufficiently stable bonds between 211At and the tumor-specific vector to allow for systemic applications. Herein we present an overview of the infrastructure of producing 211At radiopharmaceuticals, from target to radiolabeled product including chemical strategies to overcome hurdles for advancement into clinical trials with 211At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Cyclotron and PET unit KF-3982, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Liu Y, Ooe K, Teramoto T, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Nakano T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Targeted alpha therapy using astatine ( 211At)-labeled phenylalanine: A preclinical study in glioma bearing mice. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1388-1398. [PMID: 32341757 PMCID: PMC7170498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine derivatives, which target tumors especially through L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), have elicited considerable attention. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of phenylalanine labeled with the alpha emitter astatine (211At-PA) in tumor bearing mice. The C6 glioma, U-87MG, and GL261 cell lines were subjected to a cellular 211At-PA uptake analysis that included an evaluation of the uptake inhibition by the system L amino acid transporter inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). BCH significantly inhibited para-211At-PA uptake in C6 glioma (12.2 ± 0.8%), U-87MG (27.6 ± 1.1%), and GL261 (12.6 ± 2.0%) cells compared to baseline, suggesting an uptake contribution by system L amino acid transporters. Subsequently, xenograft and allograft models were prepared by subcutaneously injecting C6 glioma (n = 12) or GL-261 cells (n = 12), respectively. C6 glioma mice received three 211At-PA doses (0.1, 0.5, or 1 MBq, n = 3/dose), while GL261 mice received one high dose (1 MBq, n = 7). 211At-PA exhibited a tumor growth suppression effect in C6 glioma models in a dose-dependent manner as well as in GL-261 models. This phenylalanine derivative labeled with astatine may be applicable as an alpha therapy that specifically targets system L amino acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
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17
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Watanabe S, Azim MAU, Nishinaka I, Sasaki I, Ohshima Y, Yamada K, Ishioka NS. A convenient and reproducible method for the synthesis of astatinated 4-[ 211At]astato-l-phenylalanine via electrophilic desilylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:165-171. [PMID: 30534678 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 211At-labeled compound, 4-[211At]astato-l-phenylalanine, is one of the most promising amino acid derivatives for use in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) for various cancers. Electrophilic demetallation of a stannyl precursor is the most widely used approach for labeling biomolecules with 211At. However, the low acid-resistance of the stannyl precursor necessitates the use of an N- and C-terminus-protected precursor, which results in a low overall radiochemical yield (RCY) due to the multiple synthetic steps involved. In this study, a deprotected organosilyl compound, 4-triethylsilyl-l-phenylalanine, was employed for the direct synthesis of astatinated phenylalanines. 211At was separately recovered from the irradiated 209Bi target using chloroform (CHCl3) and N-chlorosuccinimide-methanol (NCS-MeOH) solution. The RCYs of 4-[211At]astato-l-phenylalanine obtained from the triethylsilyl precursor with the use of 211At, isolated in CHCl3 and NCS-MeOH solution, were 75% and 64% respectively. In both cases, the retention time of the 4-[211At]astato-l-phenylalanine was found to be about 20 min, which showed reasonable correlation with the retention time of non-radioactive 4-halo-l-phenylalanines (4-chloro-, 4-bromo-, and 4-iodo-l-phenylalanine). The one-step reaction examined in this study involved mild reaction conditions (70 °C) and a short time (10 min) compared to the other currently reported procedures for astatination. Electrophilic desilylation was found to be very effective for the labeling of aromatic amino acids with 211At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Watanabe
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
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18
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Thin layer chromatography for astatine and iodine in solutions prepared by dry distillation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Meyer GJ. Astatine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:154-164. [PMID: 29080397 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This educational review describes and summarizes the historic discovery of element 85, the experiments leading to its physical and chemical characterization and comparison with its lighter homologue iodine. The half-lives of its longest living isotopes 210 At and 211 At with 8.3 and 7.22 hours respectively together with their alpha decay characteristics made these isotopes interesting for radiation biological research. However, the lack of stable isotopes of astatine presents a strong challenge for all characterizations. Nevertheless, the decay characteristics especially of 211 At stimulated several research groups to develop labelling strategies for the preparation of astatinated radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha radiation therapy. Because of the distinct differences in the chemical behaviour of astatine, when compared with iodine, these approaches are quite challenging. Accordingly, quite different labelling strategies have been tested, namely nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions as well as complex forming strategies. Classic and new developments for the preparation of these compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geerd-J Meyer
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin/Radiopharmazeutische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Wang SS, Zou F, Meng WQ, Zhang JZ, Feng Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Chemical Resolution of Dl-Phenylalanine Methyl Ester Using N-Acetyl-D-Phenylglycine as Resolving Agent. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14239976403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An improved method for chemical resolution of DL-phenylalanine methyl ester using N-acetyl-D-phenylglycine as a resolving agent is described. This new resolving agent is readily available, non-toxic and easily recoverable from the insoluble diasteromeric salt. This method was used to obtain D-phenylalanine methyl ester with high optical purity of 98.1% and a high yield of 81.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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21
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Borrmann N, Friedrich S, Schwabe K, Hedrich HJ, Krauss JK, Knapp WH, Nakamura M, Meyer GJ, Walte A. Systemic treatment with 4-211Atphenylalanine enhances survival of rats with intracranial glioblastoma. Nuklearmedizin 2013; 52:212-21. [PMID: 24036694 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0580-13-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased amino acid transport in brain tumours is used for diagnostic purposes. It has been shown that the α-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 labeled to L-phenylalanine is taken up by glioblastoma cells. We here tested, if systemic treatment with 4-[211At]astatine-phenylalanine (At-Phe) has a beneficial effect on survival of rats with intracranial glioblastoma. ANIMALS, METHODS The rat glioblastoma cell line BT4Ca was implanted into the prefrontal cortex of female BDIX rats by stereotaxic microinjection (10,000 cells/3 µl; n = 83). 3 days after implantation At-Phe or phosphate buffered saline were injected intravenously. A third group was treated twice, i.e., on day 3 and 10. Health condition was assessed each day by using a score system. Rats were sacrificed on days 6, 10, 13 and 17 after implantation, or when showing premortal health condition to measure tumour volume and necrosis. The proliferation index (PI) was assessed after immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67. RESULTS Survival time of rats treated twice with At-Phe was significantly prolonged. Additionally, both At-Phe-treated groups remained significantly longer in a better health condition. Rats with poor health status had larger tumours than rats with fair health condition. Overall, irrespective of treatment the PI was reduced in rats with poor health condition. Necrosis was larger in rats treated twice with At-Phe. CONCLUSION Intravenous treatment with At-Phe enhanced survival time of rats with intracranial glioblastomas and improved health condition. These results encourage studies using local treatment of intracranial glioblastoma with At-Phe, either by repeated local injection or by intracavital application after tumour resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Walte
- Dr. Almut Walte, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1 30625 Hannover, Germany, Tel. +49/(0)511/532 40 11, E-mail:
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22
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Guérard F, Gestin JF, Brechbiel MW. Production of [(211)At]-astatinated radiopharmaceuticals and applications in targeted α-particle therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:1-20. [PMID: 23075373 PMCID: PMC3545490 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(211)At is a promising radionuclide for α-particle therapy of cancers. Its physical characteristics make this radionuclide particularly interesting to consider when bound to cancer-targeting biomolecules for the treatment of microscopic tumors. (211)At is produced by cyclotron irradiation of (209)Bi with α-particles accelerated at ~28 MeV and can be obtained in high radionuclidic purity after isolation from the target. Its chemistry resembles iodine, but there is also a tendency to behave as a metalloid. However, the chemical behavior of astatine has not yet been clearly established, primarily due to the lack of any stable isotopes of this element, which precludes the use of conventional analytical techniques for its characterization. There are also only a limited number of research centers that have been able to produce this element in sufficient amounts to carry out extensive investigations. Despite these difficulties, chemical reactions typically used with iodine can be performed, and a number of biomolecules of interest have been labeled with (211)At. However, most of these compounds exhibit unacceptable instability in vivo due to the weakness of the astatine-biomolecule bond. Nonetheless, several compounds have shown high potential for the treatment of cancers in vitro and in several animal models, thus providing a promising basis that has allowed initiation of the first two clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérard
- Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Université de Nantes, Inserm, UMR 892, Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. Applications of 211At and 223Ra in targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy. Curr Radiopharm 2012; 4:283-94. [PMID: 22202151 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011104040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radiotherapy using agents tagged with α-emitting radionuclides is gaining traction with several clinical trials already undertaken or ongoing, and others in the advanced planning stage. The most commonly used α-emitting radionuclides are 213Bi, 211At, 223Ra and 225Ac. While each one of these has pros and cons, it can be argued that 211At probably is the most versatile based on its half life, decay scheme and chemistry. On the other hand, for targeting bone metastases, 223Ra is the ideal radionuclide because simple cationic radium can be used for this purpose. In this review, we will discuss the recent developments taken place in the application of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals and give an overview of the current status of 223Ra for targeted α-particle radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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24
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An alternative and expedient synthesis of radioiodinated 4-iodophenylalanine. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1401-6. [PMID: 21621415 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled amino acids have been used extensively in oncology both as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In our pursuit to develop radiopharmaceuticals to target breast cancer, we were interested in determining the uptake of radioiodinated 4-iodophenylalanine, among other labeled amino acids, in breast cancer cells. In this work, we have developed an alternative method for the synthesis of this agent. The novel tin precursor, (S)-tert-butyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4-(tributylstannyl)phenyl)propanoate (3) was synthesized from the known, corresponding iodo derivative. Initially, the labeled 4-iodophenylalanine was synthesized from the above tin precursor in two steps with radiochemical yields of 91.6 ± 2.7% and 83.7 ± 1.7% (n=5), for the radioiodination (first) and deprotection (second) step, respectively. Subsequently, it was synthesized in a single step with an average radiochemical yield of 94.8 ± 3.4% (n=5). After incubation with MCF-7 breast cancer cells for 60 min, an uptake of up to 49.0 ± 0.7% of the input dose was seen; in comparison, the uptake of [¹⁴C]phenylalanine under the same conditions was 55.9 ± 0.5%. Furthermore, the uptake of both tracers was inhibited to a similar degree in a concentration-dependent manner by both unlabeled phenylalanine and 4-iodophenylalanine. With [¹⁴C]phenylalanine as the tracer, IC₅₀ values of 1.45 and 2.50 mM were obtained for Phe and I-Phe, respectively, and these values for [¹²⁵I]I-Phe inhibition were 1.3 and 1.0 mM. In conclusion, an improved and convenient method for the synthesis of no-carrier-added 4-[(⁎)I]phenylalanine was developed and the radiotracer prepared by this route demonstrated an amino acid transporter-mediated uptake in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro that was comparable to that of [¹⁴C]phenylalanine.
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