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Legasu ML, Chaubey A. Determination of dose derived from building materials and radiological health related effects from the indoor environment of Dessie city, Wollo, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09066. [PMID: 35284680 PMCID: PMC8914123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The eight most common construction materials in Dessie City were collected in order to determine the amount of natural radiation released and its effects on humans. This is the first time that such research has been conducted. A B13010 Gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of the daughter element photo peak (High Purity Germanium detector). These studies can be used to track changes in radioactivity caused by industrial and other human activities. The mean radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were calculated to be 26.59 ± 3.26, 26.59 ± 2.76, and 115.65 ± 2.73 Bq kg-1, respectively. The calculated Radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and absorbed dose were lower than the global average. The estimated annual effective dose equivalent was 0.08 ± 0.01 mSv y-1. External and internal radiation hazard indices (Hex and Hin), activity utilization indices, alpha indices, and gamma representative indices are all lower than the world's recommended standards. The mean of the ELCR is lower than the global mean. The annual effective dose equivalent is slightly above the global average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekuanint Lemlem Legasu
- Adama Science & Technology University Department of Applied Physics, Adama, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Department of Physics, Nuclear Physics Stream, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A.K. Chaubey
- Addis Ababa University, Department of Physics, Nuclear Physics Stream, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Richter M, Horn W, Juritsch E, Klinge A, Radeljic L, Jann O. Natural Building Materials for Interior Fitting and Refurbishment-What about Indoor Emissions? MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14010234. [PMID: 33466502 PMCID: PMC7796468 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by emissions from building materials, consequently having a negative impact on human health and well-being. In this study, more than 30 natural building materials (earth dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials, and boards made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for interior works were investigated as to their emissions of (semi-)volatile organic compounds ((S)VOC), formaldehyde, and radon. The study focused on the emissions from complete wall build-ups as they can be used for internal partition walls and the internal insulation of external walls. Test chambers were designed, allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors under testing parameters that were chosen to simulate model room conditions. The emission test results were evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure for the health-related evaluation of construction products and currently applied for the approval of specific groups of building materials in Germany. Seventeen out of 19 sample build-ups tested in this study would have passed this scheme since they generally proved to be low-emitting and although the combined emissions of multiple materials were tested, 50% of the measurements could be terminated before half of the total testing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Richter
- Materials and Air Pollutants Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (W.H.); (E.J.); (O.J.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Horn
- Materials and Air Pollutants Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (W.H.); (E.J.); (O.J.)
| | - Elevtheria Juritsch
- Materials and Air Pollutants Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (W.H.); (E.J.); (O.J.)
| | - Andrea Klinge
- ZRS Architekten Ingenieure, Schlesische Straße 26, 10997 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Leon Radeljic
- ZRS Architekten Ingenieure, Schlesische Straße 26, 10997 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Oliver Jann
- Materials and Air Pollutants Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (W.H.); (E.J.); (O.J.)
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Mohamed R, Algamdi S, Al-shamani N. Evaluation of radionuclide concentrations and associated radiological hazard in marble indices and granite used as building materials in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.I. Mohamed
- Department of Physics, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S.K. Algamdi
- Department of Physics, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N.S. Al-shamani
- Department of Physics, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Oyawoye F. Assessment of natural radioactivity in various commercial tiles used for building purposes in Nigeria. MethodsX 2018; 5:8-19. [PMID: 29387568 PMCID: PMC5771965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) for fifteen (15) different brands of tile samples used for building purposes in Nigeria. The tile samples were analyzed using High purity Germanium gamma detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were observed to be 61.1 ± 5.5 Bq/kg, 70.2 ± 6.08 Bq/kg and 514.7 ± 59.8 Bq/kg respectively. Various hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, external and internal hazard index, annual effective dose rate, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were calculated. The obtained results showed that the mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard index, the annual effective dose (AEDR) equivalent, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were: 204.42 Bq/kg, 177.61 nGyh-1, 0.55, 0.77, 0.96 mSvyr-1, 0.74 and 0.32 respectively. The average value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the recommended value of 370 Bq/kg but the average values of the other radiological hazards for some samples are found to be slightly above international recommended values except Hex, Hin and AEDE which are within the international reference value of unity. The measured concentrations of these radioactive materials were correlated with other previous result obtained from similar tile materials used in other countries and found to be in good agreement with the international standard, however, the tiles are recommended for decoration purposes in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O. Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O.O. Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Z. Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. km 1, Jalan Panchor 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - F. Oyawoye
- Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Çam Kaynar S, Özbey E, Ereeş FS. Determination of radon exhalation rate and natural radioactivity levels of building materials used in Istanbul-Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Natural radioactivity and radiation hazards of building materials in Anhui Province, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manić V, Nikezic D, Krstic D, Manić G. Assessment of indoor absorbed gamma dose rate from natural radionuclides in concrete by the method of build-up factors. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:609-617. [PMID: 24421381 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The specific absorbed gamma dose rates, originating from natural radionuclides in concrete, were calculated at different positions of a detection point inside the standard room, as well as inside an example room. The specific absorbed dose rates corresponding to a wall with arbitrary dimensions and thickness were also evaluated, and appropriate fitting functions were developed, enabling dose rate calculation for most realistic rooms. In order to make calculation simpler, the expressions fitting the exposure build-up factors for whole (238)U and (232)Th radionuclide series and (40)K were derived in this work, as well as the specific absorbed dose rates from a point source in concrete. Calculated values of the specific absorbed dose rates at the centre point of the standard room for (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K are in the ranges of previously obtained data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Manić
- Department of Physics, University of Niš, PO Box 224, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Nikezic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Krstic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran Manić
- Institute of Occupational Health, Vojislava Ilića bb, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Determination of natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazard in building materials used in Weinan, China. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Chao S, Lu X, Zhang M, Pang L. Natural radioactivity level and radiological hazard assessment of commonly used building material in Xining, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mola M, Nieto A, Peñalver A, Borrull F, Aguilar C. Uranium and thorium sequential separation from norm samples by using a SIA system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 127:82-87. [PMID: 24172603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a sequential radiochemical separation method for uranium and thorium isotopes using a novel Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) system with an extraction chromatographic resin (UTEVA). After the separation, uranium and thorium isotopes have been quantified by using alpha-particle spectrometry. The developed method has been tested by analyzing an intercomparison sample (phosphogypsum sample) from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with better recoveries for uranium and thorium than the obtained by using a classical method (93% for uranium using the new methodology and 82% with the classical method, and in the case of thorium the recoveries were 70% for the semi-automated method and 60% for the classical strategy). Afterwards, the method was successfully applied to different Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) samples, in particular sludge samples taken from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and also sediment samples taken from an area of influence of the dicalcium phosphate (DCP) factory located close to the Ebro river reservoir in Flix (Catalonia). The obtained results have also been compared with the obtained by the classical method and from that comparison it has been demonstrated that the presented strategy is a good alternative to existing methods offering some advantages as minimization of sample handling, reduction of solvents volume and also an important reduction of the time per analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitària (URAIS), Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra Nacional 340, km 1094, 43895 L'Ampolla, Spain
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Licínio MV, Freitas AC, Evangelista H, Costa-Gonçalves A, Miranda M, Alencar AS. A high spatial resolution outdoor dose rate map of the Rio de Janeiro city, Brasil, risk assessment and urbanization effects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 126:32-39. [PMID: 23933084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Geophysical surveys have been widely used for geological mapping, and with appropriate ground calibration the database can be converted to radiometric surveys. Herein we present a case study of a high resolution map of the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, constructed by integrating aerial and in situ (ground) measurements. This allowed assessing the influence of urbanization observed between 1978 and 2009 on radiation external exposure. Radiometric, geological and demographics databases were integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) facility. The average absorbed dose rate recorded for the city was 96 ± 0.3 nGy h(-1) and ranged from 22 to 152 nGy h(-1) among districts. The corresponding annual effective dose was determined as 0.09 ± 0.01 mSv. The number of people at risk per year according to the estimated natural radiation levels was 17 ± 1.4, among the 28,000 new cases estimated by the INCA (Brazilian National Cancer Institute) within a population of approximately 6.3 million people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Licínio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica Ambiental, LBBA/UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Prédio do Básico, Avenida Marechal Rocha Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Espírito Santo, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil.
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Yang G, Lu X, Zhao C, Li N. Natural radioactivity in building materials used in Changzhi, China. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 155:512-516. [PMID: 23407886 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The natural radioactivity levels of the commonly used building materials collected from Changzhi, China was analysed using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in the investigated building materials range from 14.6 to 131.2, from 9.9 to 138.8 and from 96.1 to 819.0 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The results were compared with the reported data of other countries and with the worldwide mean activity of soil. The external and internal hazard indices and gamma index were calculated to assess the radiation hazard to residents. The external hazard index of all building materials are less than unity, while the internal hazard and gamma indexes of hollow brick and gravel aggregate exceed unity. The study shows that the investigated hollow brick and gravel aggregate are not suitable for use as building materials in dwellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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Ding X, Lu X, Zhao C, Yang G, Li N. Measurement of natural radioactivity in building materials used in Urumqi, China. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 155:374-379. [PMID: 23371370 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Building materials contain natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, which cause direct radiation exposure of the public. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in commonly used building materials of Urumqi, China have been analysed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (40)K and (232)Th in the studied building materials range from 19.8 to 87.4, from 273.3 to 981.2 and from 11.6 to 47.7 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), gamma index (Iγ) and alpha index (Iα) were calculated to assess the radiation hazards to people living in dwellings made of the materials studied. The calculated Raeq values of all the building materials are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg(-1) for building materials. The values of Iγ and Iα of all the building materials are less than unity. The study shows that these materials may be safely used as construction materials and do not pose significant radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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Lu X, Li N, Yang G, Zhao C. Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in building materials used in Yan'an, China. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 104:325-331. [PMID: 23361428 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31827a7ea2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of natural radionuclides in commonly used building materials collected from Yan'an, China, was determined using gamma ray spectroscopy with a NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the studied building materials ranges from 9.4-73.1, 11.5-86.9, and 258.9-1,055.1 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations for these natural radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and the world mean values for soil. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), indoor air absorbed dose rate, and annual effective dose rate due to natural radionuclides in samples were estimated to assess radiological hazards for people living in dwellings made of the studied building materials. The calculated Raeq values of all building materials (75.7-222.1 Bq kg⁻¹) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹. The values of Hex and Hin are less than unity. The mean values of indoor air absorbed dose rates of all building materials (101.0 ± 14.1-177.0 ± 6.8 nGy h⁻¹) are higher than the world population-weighted average of 84 nGy h⁻¹, while the mean values of annual effective dose range from 0.50 ± 0.07-0.87 ± 0.03 mSv y⁻¹, which are lower than the recommended limit of 1 mSv y⁻¹. It is found that these materials may be used safely as construction materials and do not pose significant radiation hazards to inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P.R. China.
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Lu X, Yang G, Ren C. Natural radioactivity and radiological hazards of building materials in Xianyang, China. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Onargan T, Gür F, Kaya E, Güneri S. Assessment of natural radioactivity in commercial granites used in Turkey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1825-1830. [PMID: 22755530 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.689548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in twelve different domestic and imported tiling rocks (granites) used as building materials in Turkey were determined by employing high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The samples were evaluated to assess the radiation hazard for people by comparing the results with the control values recommended by the European Commission. The measured activity concentrations ranged from 7 to 136 Bq kg(-1), 9 to 138 Bq kg(-1) and 541 to 1277 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. Applying dose criteria recommended by the European Commission([15]), two of the samples showed higher Ra(eq) values than the limit dose of 370 Bq kg(-1), equivalent to a γ-dose of 1.5 mSv y(-1). The calculated gamma-index (I(γ)) values for all the 12 samples were lower than the recommended dose criterion. In some of the samples; however, the H(ex) and H(in) values were more than unity. The absorbed dose rates (D) for all the samples, except for four samples, were located within the range values recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)([3]). Annual effective dose (AED) values, except for one sample, were greater than the world average value of UNSCEAR([3]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Onargan
- Mining Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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