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Şirin E, Altinsoy N. A comparative evaluation of polymeric materials as tissue equivalent phantoms in diagnostic radiology. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:055003. [PMID: 38906123 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad5a9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study tissue equivalency of the polymeric materials was investigated by comparing with ICRP 110 Male Adult Computational Phantom tissues. For this purpose, radiological properties of polyamide (PA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyoxymethylene (POM) and polyurethane foam (PU FOAM) were evaluated in the diagnostic energy range (15-150 keV). The radiological properties of the materials and ICRP 110 Male and Female Adult Computational Phantom tissues were calculated with Phy-X/PSD software. No major differences were seen except for sex-specific organs, and comparisons were made using an adult male phantom. To confirm the results experimentally, a chest phantom was designed with the polymeric materials. The phantom was scanned by Siemens SOMATOM Edge CT device with tube voltage of 120 kVp and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values were measured. In addition, HU values were calculated using theoretical relationships and significant agreement was obtained between measured and calculated HUs. It was determined that PA, PP, UHMWPE and HDPE were equivalent to muscle and adipose tissue, PVC and PTFE were equivalent to mineral bone, PET and POM were equivalent to spongiosa bone and PU FOAM was equivalent to lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Şirin
- Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Institute of Energy, Ayazaga Kampusu, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Altinsoy
- Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Institute of Energy, Ayazaga Kampusu, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Investigation of the nuclear radiation interaction parameters of selected polymers for radiation therapy and dosimetry. Radiol Phys Technol 2023; 16:168-185. [PMID: 36820949 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS), energy absorption buildup factor (EABF), mass-energy absorption coefficient (MenAC), relative kerma, and computed tomography (CT) numbers were calculated for the alginates, bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), chitin, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone (PCL), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyglycolide (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly lacto-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) polymers using the Phy-X/PSD and Py-MLBUF software. The total stopping power (TSP) of electrons, protons, and alpha particles was calculated for the selected polymers using the ESTAR, PSTAR, and ASTAR programs. The effective atomic number for absorption and charged particle (electron, proton, alpha, and carbon ion) interactions were estimated for the selected polymers using Phy-X/ZeXTRa software. The FNRCS values of Bis-GMA, PCL, PEG, PMMA, and PVP were similar to those of the human tissues. For the selected polymers, the Zeff values for electron, proton, alpha, and carbon ion interactions of PCL, PEG, PLGA, and PVA were similar to those of human tissues, except for the cortical bone, across the entire energy range. These results are expected to assist in selecting suitable polymers as tissue-equivalent materials in the desired energy range for photon, neutron, and charged-particle interactions. This study is expected to be useful for radiation therapy and dosimetry.
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Jørgensen PB, Kaptein BL, Søballe K, Jakobsen SS, Stilling M. Combined and hybrid marker models for radiostereometry assessment of polyethylene liner motion in dual mobility hip prosthesis: a proof-of-concept study. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:55. [PMID: 34907467 PMCID: PMC8671599 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigation of polyethylene liner movement in total hip arthroplasty requires bead-marking for radiographic visibility of the liner. However, occlusion of markers poses a challenge for marker registration in radiographs. Methods The polyethylene of a dual mobility acetabular system was marked with twelve 1-mm tantalum markers (four groups of three markers) using a custom-made drill guide. Liner motion in a phantom and a patient was investigated with dynamic radiostereometry analysis (dRSA) at 1-year follow-up and static radiostereometry analysis (sRSA) postoperatively and at 1- and 2-year follow-up. A combined marker configuration (CMC) model was calculated from the registered positions of the liner markers and the femoral head in several images. Furthermore, the CMC model and the theoretic marker positions from computer-assisted models of the drill guide were combined in a hybrid model. Results The CMC model included eleven markers in the phantom and nine markers in the patient, which was sufficient for dRSA. Liner movement in the phantom followed liner contact with the femoral neck, while liner movement in the patient was independent. The hybrid model was necessary to determine liner orientation in sRSA recordings, which clearly changed from postoperative to 1- and 2-year follow-up even though the patient was positioned similarly. Conclusion Polyethylene liner motion in dual mobility hip prosthesis can be assessed with CMC models in dRSA recordings. In sRSA, the liner position between follow-ups is unpredictable and analysis requires inclusion of all markers in the model, accomplished with a hybrid marker model. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02301182], 25 October 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41747-021-00253-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bo Jørgensen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, J118-119, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bart L Kaptein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, Leiden, ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Kjeld Søballe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, J118-119, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig S Jakobsen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, J118-119, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maiken Stilling
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, J118-119, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
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Keller MC, Hurschler C, Schwarze M. Experimental evaluation of precision and accuracy of RSA in the lumbar spine. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020; 30:2060-2068. [PMID: 33275168 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis is a technique to make accurate assessments of the relative position and orientation of bone structures and implants in vivo. While the precision and accuracy of stereophotogrammetry for hip and knee arthroplasty is well documented, there is insufficient knowledge of the technique's precision and, especially accuracy when applied to rotational movements in the spinal region. METHODS The motion of one cadaver lumbar spine segment (L3/L4) was analyzed in flexion-extension, lateral bending and internal rotation. The specific aim of this study was to examine the precision and accuracy of stereophotogrammetry in a controlled in vitro setting, taking the surrounding soft tissue into account. The second objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different focal spot values of X-ray tubes. RESULTS Overall, the precision of flexion-extension measurements was found to be better when using a 0.6 mm focal spot value rather than 1.2 mm (± 0.056° and ± 0.153°; respectively), and accuracy was also slightly better for the 0.6 mm focal spot value compared to 1.2 mm (- 0.137° and - 0.170°; respectively). The best values for precision and accuracy were obtained in lateral bending for both 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm focal spot values (precision: ± 0.019° and ± 0.015°, respectively; accuracy: - 0.041° and - 0.035°). CONCLUSION In summary, the results suggest stereophotogrammetry to be a highly precise method to analyze motion of the lumbar spine. Since precision and accuracy are better than 0.2° for both focal spot values, the choice between these is of minor clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Christina Keller
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Hurschler
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Prabhu S, Bubbly SG, Gudennavar SB. Synthetic polymer hydrogels as potential tissue phantoms in radiation therapy and dosimetry. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:055008. [PMID: 33444239 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aba209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of synthetic polymers as hydrogel phantoms for radiation therapy and dosimetry has been investigated for photon and charged particle (electron, proton and alpha particle) interactions. Tissue equivalence has been studied in terms of photon mass energy-absorption coefficients, KERMA (kinetic energy released per unit mass), equivalent atomic number and energy absorption build-up factors, relative to human tissues (skin, soft tissue, cortical bone and skeletal muscle), in the energy range 0.015-15 MeV. For charged particle interactions, ratio of effective atomic number is examined for tissue-equivalence in the energy region of 10 keV-1 GeV. Well established theoretical formulations are used for computation of photon mass-energy absorption effective atomic number, electron density and KERMA. Five-parameter geometric progression (G-P) fitting approximation is used to compute the values of energy absorption build-up factors. Effective atomic number for charged particle interaction is determined using logarithmic interpolation method. Using the analytical methodology, it has been revealed that all the selected synthetic polymers have good tissue-equivalence relative to all tissue except cortical bone. In particular, polyglycolic acid (PGA) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) prove to be best substitute material for photon interactions. On the other hand, % difference between effective atomic number for charged particle relative to human tissues is found least for polyethylene glycol (PEG) demonstrating adequate tissue-equivalence. Therefore, the present study is expected to be useful to choose most appropriate phantom material for radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Central Campus, Bengaluru - 560029, Karnataka, India
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Investigation of some radiation shielding parameters in soft tissue. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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El-Haseib AY, Ahmed Z, Saddeek YB. Determination of gamma ray spectrometry efficiency for the attenuation coefficients of some bismuth borate glasses by MCNP and (ISOCS) techniques. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-018-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Construction and verification of a physical chest phantom from suitable tissue equivalent materials for computed tomography examinations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Obaid SS, Sayyed M, Gaikwad D, Pawar P. Attenuation coefficients and exposure buildup factor of some rocks for gamma ray shielding applications. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mann KS, Heer MS, Rani A. Gamma-ray double-layered transmission exposure buildup factors of some engineering materials, a comparative study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kurudirek M. Water and tissue equivalence properties of biological materials for photons, electrons, protons and alpha particles in the energy region 10 keV–1 GeV: a comparative study. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:508-20. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurudirek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kurudirek M. Effective atomic number, energy loss and radiation damage studies in some materials commonly used in nuclear applications for heavy charged particles such as H, C, Mg, Fe, Te, Pb and U. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kavaz E, Perişanoğlu U, Ekinci N, Özdemır Y. Determination of energy absorption and exposure buildup factors by using G-P fitting approximation for radioprotective agents. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:380-7. [PMID: 27124103 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1175681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, there has been an increase in interest into research into radioprotective agents. Radioprotectors are compounds that protect against radiation injury when given orally (through drinking water) prior to radiation exposure. The purpose is to achieve preferred protection of normal tissues against injury inflicted by ionizing radiation used to treat tumors. The main aim of this work is to investigate energy absorption (EABF) and exposure buildup factors (EBF) of commonly used some radioprotective agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used the Geometric Progression (G-P) fitting method for calculating the equivalent atomic number (Zeq), for EABF and EBF buildup factors of the radioprotective agents in the energy range 0.015-15 MeV for penetration depths up to 40 mean free path. RESULTS Significant variations in both EABF and EBF values were observed for several agents at the moderate energy region. At energies below 0.1 MeV, EABF and EBF values increased with decreasing equivalent atomic number Zeq of the samples. At energies >0.15 MeV, EABF and EBF values were found to decrease with decreasing Zeq of all agents. In addition, EABF and EBF were the largest for carnosin, tempol, melatonin, interferon gamma and orientine at 0.05 and 0.06 MeV, respectively, and the minimum values of buildup factors were at 0.1 MeV for cysteine, amifostine, penicillamine and glutathione. CONCLUSIONS Cysteine and amifostine are good compounds for gamma rays absorption applications among the selected compounds. The presented results in this study are expected to be helpful in radiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kavaz
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum
| | - Ufuk Perişanoğlu
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum ;,b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Hakkari University , Hakkari , Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ekinci
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum
| | - Yüksel Özdemır
- a Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences , Ataturk University , Erzurum
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Kurudirek M, Kurudirek SV. Collisional, radiative and total electron interaction in compound semiconductor detectors and solid state nuclear track detectors: effective atomic number and electron density. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 99:54-8. [PMID: 25702888 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Effective atomic numbers, Zeff and electron densities, Ne are widely used for characterization of interaction processes in radiation related studies. A variety of detectors are employed to detect different types of radiations i.e. photons and charged particles. In the present work, some compound semiconductor detectors (CSCD) and solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) were investigated with respect to the partial as well as total electron interactions. Zeff and Ne of the given detectors were calculated for collisional, radiative and total electron interactions in the kinetic energy region 10keV-1GeV. Maximum values of Zeff and Ne were observed at higher kinetic energies of electrons. Significant variations in Zeff and Ne up to ≈20-25% were noticed for the detectors, GaN, ZnO, Amber and CR-39 for total electron interaction. Moreover, the obtained Zeff and Ne for electrons were compared to those obtained for photons in the entire energy region. Significant variations in Zeff were also noted not only for photons (up to ≈40% for GaN) but also between photons and electrons (up to ≈60% for CR-39) especially at lower energies. Except for the lower energies, Zeff and Ne keep more or less constant values for the given materials. The energy regions where Zeff and Ne keep constant clearly show the availability of using these parameters for characterization of the materials with respect to the radiation interaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurudirek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sinem V Kurudirek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Mann KS, Rani A, Heer MS. Shielding behaviors of some polymer and plastic materials for gamma-rays. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some human tissues and dosimetric materials for mean energies of various radiation sources relevant to radiotherapy and medical applications. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kurudirek M. Effective atomic numbers, water and tissue equivalence properties of human tissues, tissue equivalents and dosimetric materials for total electron interaction in the energy region 10 keV-1 GeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:1-7. [PMID: 25061891 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective atomic numbers (Zeff) of 107 different materials of dosimetric interest have been calculated for total electron interactions in the wide energy region 10keV-1GeV. The stopping cross sections of elements and dosimetric materials were used to calculate Zeff of the materials. Differences (%) in Zeff relative to water have been calculated in the entire energy region to evaluate the water equivalency of the used materials. Moreover, the tissue equivalent materials have been compared with the tissues and dosimetric materials in terms of Zeff to reveal their ability to use as tissue substitutes. Possible conclusions were drawn based on the variation of Zeff through the entire energy region and water and tissue equivalency comparisons in terms of Zeff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurudirek
- Faculty o f Science, Department of Physics, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Kurudirek M. Photon buildup factors in some dosimetric materials for heterogeneous radiation sources. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:175-185. [PMID: 24287785 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective photon energy absorption (EABF(eff)) and exposure buildup factors (EBF(eff)) have been calculated based on the effective energy concept, for some dosimetric materials such as water, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, solid water (WT1), RW3 (Goettingen Water 3), and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), for MV X-rays and (60)Co gamma rays. Firstly, the equivalent atomic numbers (Z(eq)) of the given materials have been determined using the effective photon energies (E eff). Then, the five-parameter geometric progression (G-P) fitting approximation has been used to calculate both EABF(eff) and EBF(eff) values. Since the G-P fitting parameters are not available for the E eff values of the given materials, a linear interpolation in which a function of the logarithm of the variable is used has been performed, in order to calculate the parameters in each E eff, which will be further used for the determination of EABF(eff) and EBF(eff). In the present paper, water equivalence properties of the given materials are also discussed based on the effective buildup factors. In this study, special emphasis is placed on the calculation of EABF(eff) and EBF(eff) values of different materials for photons that are not monoenergetic but heterogeneous in energy, to obtain an initial and prior knowledge of the probable energy and buildup of photons at locations of interest, i.e., to understand whether the real absorbed dose occurs at the surface or somewhere inside the medium of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurudirek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey,
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Mann KS, Kaur B, Sidhu GS, Kumar A. Investigations of some building materials for γ-rays shielding effectiveness. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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