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Webb EW, Cheng K, Winton WP, Klein BJ, Bowden GD, Horikawa M, Liu SW, Wright JS, Verhoog S, Kalyani D, Wismer M, Krska SW, Sanford MS, Scott PJ. Development of High-Throughput Experimentation Approaches for Rapid Radiochemical Exploration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10581-10590. [PMID: 38580459 PMCID: PMC11099536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is a widely used imaging platform for studying physiological processes. Despite the proliferation of modern synthetic methodologies for radiolabeling, the optimization of these reactions still primarily relies on inefficient one-factor-at-a-time approaches. High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has proven to be a powerful approach for optimizing reactions in many areas of chemical synthesis. However, to date, HTE has rarely been applied to radiochemistry. This is largely because of the short lifetime of common radioisotopes, which presents major challenges for efficient parallel reaction setup and analysis using standard equipment and workflows. Herein, we demonstrate an effective HTE workflow and apply it to the optimization of copper-mediated radiofluorination of pharmaceutically relevant boronate ester substrates. The workflow utilizes commercial equipment and allows for rapid analysis of reactions for optimizing reactions, exploring chemical space using pharmaceutically relevant aryl boronates for radiofluorinations, and constructing large radiochemistry data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wade P. Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brandon J.C. Klein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gregory D. Bowden
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen 72074, Germany
| | - Mami Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - S. Wendy Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay S. Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- Translational Imaging, Merck and Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, United States
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Michael Wismer
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Schmitt C, Fouque J, Huguet S, Da Costa Branquinho E, Blondeel S, Rezai K, Madar O. Single radio UHPLC analysis for the quality control of technetium-99m radiolabelled radiopharmaceuticals. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109874. [PMID: 34311218 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The radiochemical purity (RCP) determination of radiopharmaceuticals is routinely done with radio-thin layer chromatography (r-TLC). These methods are usually transposed and adjusted from the summary product characteristics without any analytical validation. The r-TLC method is simple but manually-performed steps could lead to RCP misinterpretation. To increase the sensitivity, radio ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (r-UHPLC) can be used. In this study, an r-UHPLC method had been validated and compared to the r-TLC method. Hydrolyzed-reduced technetium had also been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Schmitt
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Julien Fouque
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Samuel Huguet
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Emilie Da Costa Branquinho
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Sandy Blondeel
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
| | - Olivier Madar
- Institut Curie Site Saint Cloud, Department of Radio-Pharmacology, 35 rue Dailly 92210 Saint Cloud, France.
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Technetium Nitrido-Peroxo Complexes: An Unexplored Class of Coordination Compounds. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to further expand the chemistry of mixed technetium nitrido-peroxo complexes, a still poorly explored class of compounds containing the Tc(VII) moiety, [99gTc][Tc(N)(O2)2]. A number of novel complexes of the formula [99gTc][Tc(N)(O2)2(L)] with bidentate ligands (L) (where L = deprotonated alanine, glycine, proline) were prepared by reacting a solution of nitrido-technetic(VI) acid with L in the presence of a source of H2O2. Alternatively, the complex [99gTc][Tc(N)(O2)2X]− (X = Cl, Br) was used as a precursor for substitution reactions where the halogenide ion was replaced by the bidentate ligand. The new complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The preparation of the analogous [99mTc][Tc(N)(O2)2] moiety, radiolabeled with the metastable isomer Tc-99m, was also studied at a no-carrier-added level, using S-methyl-N-methyl-dithiocarbazate as the donor of the nitrido nitrogen atoms.
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Ha NS, Sadeghi S, van Dam RM. Recent Progress toward Microfluidic Quality Control Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E337. [PMID: 30400527 PMCID: PMC6190332 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived positron-emitting or gamma-emitting isotopes are injected into patients just prior to performing positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission tomography (SPECT) scans, respectively. These imaging modalities are widely used in clinical care, as well as in the development and evaluation of new therapies in clinical research. Prior to injection, these radiopharmaceuticals (tracers) must undergo quality control (QC) testing to ensure product purity, identity, and safety for human use. Quality tests can be broadly categorized as (i) pharmaceutical tests, needed to ensure molecular identity, physiological compatibility and that no microbiological, pyrogenic, chemical, or particulate contamination is present in the final preparation; and (ii) radioactive tests, needed to ensure proper dosing and that there are no radiochemical and radionuclidic impurities that could interfere with the biodistribution or imaging. Performing the required QC tests is cumbersome and time-consuming, and requires an array of expensive analytical chemistry equipment and significant dedicated lab space. Calibrations, day of use tests, and documentation create an additional burden. Furthermore, in contrast to ordinary pharmaceuticals, each batch of short-lived radiopharmaceuticals must be manufactured and tested within a short period of time to avoid significant losses due to radioactive decay. To meet these challenges, several efforts are underway to develop integrated QC testing instruments that automatically perform and document all of the required tests. More recently, microfluidic quality control systems have been gaining increasing attention due to vastly reduced sample and reagent consumption, shorter analysis times, higher detection sensitivity, increased multiplexing, and reduced instrumentation size. In this review, we describe each of the required QC tests and conventional testing methods, followed by a discussion of efforts to directly miniaturize the test or examples in the literature that could be implemented for miniaturized QC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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