Activation cross-sections of long lived products of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on dysprosium up to 50 MeV

Nuclear data for light charged particle induced production of emerging medical radionuclides

Whatever the radionuclide to be used in nuclear medicine, it is essential to know the expected yield during the production process, but also of all the possible radionuclidic impurities coproduced, that can have an impact on the product final quality, as well as in the related waste management. The availability of the majority of emerging radioisotopes, including the theranostic ones or pairs, is mainly limited by the fact that, for most of them, the optimal production route still needs to be strengthened if not defined in some cases. The aim of this work is to present a review on the charged particle induced nuclear cross sections to produce some emerging radionuclides for medical applications to show that all types of projectiles should be considered in the quest of producing medical radionuclides. An accurate analysis of the production routes is presented for some radionuclides (67Cu, 47Sc, 89Zr, 103Pd, 186gRe, 97Ru, 211At) chosen as examples to highlight (i) how the quality of the final product strongly depends on the chosen target/projectile/energy parameters set, (ii) how deuteron production routes may sometimes be more effective than the proton ones or lead to a different impurity profile and (iii) how α-particle beams may allow to bypass the limitations occurring when using Z = 1 beams. An overview of possible advantages and drawbacks of the cited production routes and of potential cross sections that still need to be measured, is also reported.

Activation cross-sections of longer lived radioisotopes of proton induced nuclear reactions on terbium up to 65MeV

Experimental cross sections are presented for the ¹⁵⁹Tb(p,xn)^{153,155,157,159}Dy, ^{152,153,155,156m2,m1,g,158}Tb and ^153,151Gd nuclear reactions up to 65MeV. The experimental results are compared with the recently reported experimental data and with the results of the nuclear reaction codes ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE and TALYS as reported in the TENDL-2015 on-line library. Integral thick-target yields are also derived for the reaction products used in practical applications and production routes are discussed.

Activation cross sections of proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on holmium and erbium, related to the production of (161)Er and (160)Er medical isotopes

Experimental excitation functions for long-lived products in proton induced reactions were measured with the activation method in the 37-65MeV energy range on natural holmium. Stacked foil irradiation technique and high resolution gamma spectrometry were used in order to measure cross-section data for the production of (161)Er, (160)Er and (1)(59,157)Dy. For comparison of the production routes of medically related (161)Er and (160)Er radioisotopes new experimental cross section data were deduced for the (162)Er(p,x)(161,160)Er and (162)Er(d,x)(161,160)Er reactions by re-evaluating gamma-ray spectra from earlier measurements. No earlier data were found in the literature for these reactions. The experimental data are compared with results of TALYS theoretical code reported in TENDL-2015.