Alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural silver in the 10-50 MeV energy range: Production of 111In, 110mIn and 109Cd

Production cross sections of medical radionuclides 111In, 110mIn and 109Cd were investigated in the α-particle-induced reactions on natural silver up to 50 MeV. The stacked-foil activation technique and γ-ray spectrometry were used to determine the cross sections. The excitation functions of byproducts 104g,105,106m,110mAg, 107,111mCd and 107g,108g,108m,109,110gIn were also determined. Physical yields of 111In, 110mIn and 109Cd were deduced based on the measured cross sections.

Production cross sections of 45Ti in the deuteron-induced reaction on 45Sc up to 24 MeV

Activation cross sections of the medically interesting radionuclide ⁴⁵Ti were investigated in the deuteron-induced reaction on ⁴⁵Sc. ⁴⁵Ti can be produced in a radioactive-contamination-free form in the ⁴⁵Sc(d,2n)⁴⁵Ti reaction below 15 MeV deuteron energy. The stacked foil activation technique and γ-ray spectrometry were used to determine the cross sections. The physical yield of ⁴⁵Ti was deduced from the measured cross sections.

Production cross sections of 68Ga and radioactive by-products in deuteron-induced reactions on natural zinc

Activation cross sections of the deuteron-induced reactions on natural zinc are studied for the production of the medical radionuclide ⁶⁸Ga. The stacked foil activation method and the γ-ray spectrometry were used. Co-produced radionuclides ^65,66,67Ga, ^63,65,69mZn, ⁶¹Cu, and ⁵⁸Co are also investigated to evaluate amounts of impurities for practical use of ⁶⁸Ga. Physical yields of the radionuclides were deduced from the measured cross sections.

Measurement of activation cross-section of long-lived products in deuteron induced nuclear reactions on palladium in the 30-50MeV energy range

Excitation functions were measured in the 31-49.2MeV energy range for the ^natPd(d,xn)^{111,110m,106m,105,104g,103}Ag, ^natPd(d,x) ^{111m,109,101,100}Pd, ^natPd(d,x), ^{105,102m,102g,101m,101g,100,99m,99g}Rh and ^natPd(d,x)^103,97Ru nuclear reactions by using the stacked foil irradiation technique. The experimental results are compared with our previous results and with the theoretical predictions calculated with the ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS (TENDL libraries) codes.

Investigation of activation cross sections for deuteron induced reactions on strontium up to 50MeV

Excitation functions were measured for the ^natSr(d,x)^{88,87m,87g,86g,85g}Y, ^{87m,85g,83g,82}Sr, ^{86g,84g,83,82m,81g}Rb reactions by the stacked foil activation technique and high-resolution gamma-spectrometry up to 50MeV. We present the first experimental activation cross section data for all investigated reactions. Our experimental data are compared with the TALYS code results as available in the TENDL-2015 on-line library. Use of deuteron induced reactions on Sr for production of medical isotopes is discussed.

Activation cross-sections of longer lived radioisotopes of proton induced nuclear reactions on terbium up to 65MeV

Experimental cross sections are presented for the ¹⁵⁹Tb(p,xn)^{153,155,157,159}Dy, ^{152,153,155,156m2,m1,g,158}Tb and ^153,151Gd nuclear reactions up to 65MeV. The experimental results are compared with the recently reported experimental data and with the results of the nuclear reaction codes ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE and TALYS as reported in the TENDL-2015 on-line library. Integral thick-target yields are also derived for the reaction products used in practical applications and production routes are discussed.

Activation cross sections of deuteron induced reactions on silver in the 33-50MeV energy range

Excitation functions were measured for the ^natAg(d,x)^105,104Cd, ^{110m,108m,106m,105g,104g}Ag and ¹⁰¹Pd, ^105,101mRh reactions over the energy range 33-50MeV by using the stacked foil activation technique and subsequent high-resolution gamma-spectrometry. We present the first experimental cross section data above 40MeV for all of these reactions and the first experimental cross section data for ^natAg(d,x)^108m,104gAg and ^105,103Rh. The experimental data are compared with results of the model calculations performed with the ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D theoretical nuclear reaction model codes and with the TALYS code results as available in the TENDL-2014 and -2015 on-line libraries.

Activation cross sections of α-particle induced nuclear reactions on hafnium and deuteron induced nuclear reaction on tantalum: production of ¹⁷⁸W/(178m)Ta generator

In the frame of a systematic study of charged particle production routes of medically relevant radionuclei, the excitation function for indirect production of (178m)Ta through (nat)Hf(α,xn)(178)W-(178m)Ta nuclear reaction was measured for the first time up to 40 MeV. In parallel, the side reactions (nat)Hf(α,x)(179,177,176,175)W, (183,182,178g,177,176,175)Ta, (179m,177m,175)Hf were also assessed. Stacked foil irradiation technique and γ-ray spectrometry were used. New experimental cross section data for the (nat)Ta(d,xn)(178)W reaction are also reported up to 40 MeV. The measured excitation functions are compared with the results of the ALICE-IPPE, and EMPIRE nuclear reaction model codes and with the TALYS 1.4 based data in the TENDL-2013 library. The thick target yields were deduced and compared with yields of other charged particle ((p,4n), (d,5n) and ((3)He,x)) production routes for (178)W.

Activation cross-sections of long lived products of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on dysprosium up to 50 MeV

Activation cross-sections for production of (162m,161,155)Ho, (165,159,157,155)Dy and (161,160,156,155)Tb radionuclides in deuteron induced nuclear reactions on elemental dysprosium were measured up to 50 MeV for practical application and the test of the predictive power of nuclear reaction model codes. A stacked-foil irradiation technique and off-line gamma-ray spectrometry were used to determine the activities. No earlier cross-section data were found in the literature. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of the ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS codes. Integral production yields were calculated from the fitted experimental data.

Activation cross-sections of deuteron induced reactions on (nat)Gd up to 50 MeV

Activation cross-sections are presented for the first time for (nat)Gd(d,xn)(161,160,156(m+)), (154,154m1,154m2,153,152(m+),151(m+))Tb, (nat)Gd(d,x)(159,153,151)Gd and (nat)Gd(d,x)(156)Eu reactions from their respective thresholds up to 50 MeV. The cross-sections were measured by the stacked-foil irradiation technique and by using high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The measured values were compared with the results of theoretical models calculated by the computer codes ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS (data from TENDL library). Integral yields of the reaction products were deduced from the excitation functions.