1
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Tosato M, Randhawa P, Asti M, Hemmingsen LBS, O'Shea CA, Thaveenrasingam P, Sauer SPA, Chen S, Graiff C, Menegazzo I, Baron M, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF, Di Marco V. Capturing Mercury-197m/g for Auger Electron Therapy and Cancer Theranostic with Sulfur-Containing Cyclen-Based Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14241-14255. [PMID: 39024562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The interest in mercury radioisotopes, 197mHg (t1/2 = 23.8 h) and 197gHg (t1/2 = 64.14 h), has recently been reignited by the dual diagnostic and therapeutic nature of their nuclear decays. These isotopes emit γ-rays suitable for single photon emission computed tomography imaging and Auger electrons which can be exploited for treating small and metastatic tumors. However, the clinical utilization of 197m/gHg radionuclides is obstructed by the lack of chelators capable of securely binding them to tumor-seeking vectors. This work aims to address this challenge by investigating a series of chemically tailored macrocyclic platforms with sulfur-containing side arms, namely, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), and 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-4,10-diacetic acid (DO2A2S). 1,4,7,10-Tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid (DOTA), the widest explored chelator in nuclear medicine, and the nonfunctionalized backbone 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (cyclen) were considered as well to shed light on the role of the sulfanyl arms in the metal coordination. To this purpose, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study encompassing aqueous coordination chemistry investigations through potentiometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as concentration- and temperature-dependent [197m/gHg]Hg2+ radiolabeling and in vitro stability assays in human serum was conducted. The obtained results reveal that the investigated chelators rapidly complex Hg2+ in aqueous media, forming extremely thermodynamically stable 1:1 metal-to-ligand complexes with superior stabilities compared to those of DOTA or cyclen. These complexes exhibited 6- to 8-fold coordination environments, with donors statically bound to the metal center, as evidenced by the presence of 1H-199Hg spin-spin coupling via NMR. A similar octacoordinated environment was also found for DOTA in both solution and solid state, but in this case, multiple slowly exchanging conformers were detected at ambient temperature. The sulfur-rich ligands quantitatively incorporate cyclotron-produced [197m/gHg]Hg2+ under relatively mild reaction conditions (pH = 7 and T = 50 °C), with the resulting radioactive complexes exhibiting decent stability in human serum (up to 75% after 24 h). By developing viable chelators and understanding the impact of structural modifications, our research addresses the scarcity of suitable chelating agents for 197m/gHg, offering promise for its future in vivo application as a theranostic Auger-emitter radiometal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lars B S Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catriona Ann O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ileana Menegazzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Baron
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, BC V5A 0A7 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, BC V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Kubeil M, Suzuki Y, Casulli MA, Kamal R, Hashimoto T, Bachmann M, Hayashita T, Stephan H. Exploring the Potential of Nanogels: From Drug Carriers to Radiopharmaceutical Agents. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301404. [PMID: 37717209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels open up access to a wide range of applications and offer among others hopeful approaches for use in the field of biomedicine. This review provides a brief overview of current developments of nanogels in general, particularly in the fields of drug delivery, therapeutic applications, tissue engineering, and sensor systems. Specifically, cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanogels are important because they have exceptional complexation properties and are highly biocompatible. Nanogels as a whole and CD-based nanogels in particular can be customized in a wide range of sizes and equipped with a desired surface charge as well as containing additional molecules inside and outside, such as dyes, solubility-mediating groups or even biological vector molecules for pharmaceutical targeting. Currently, biological investigations are mainly carried out in vitro, but more and more in vivo applications are gaining importance. Modern molecular imaging methods are increasingly being used for the latter. Due to an extremely high sensitivity and the possibility of obtaining quantitative data on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, nuclear methods such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled compounds are particularly suitable here. The use of radiolabeled nanogels for imaging, but also for therapy, is being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | | | - Rozy Kamal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Takashi Hayashita
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Randhawa P, Gower-Fry KL, Stienstra CMK, Tosato M, Chen S, Gao Y, McDonagh AW, Di Marco V, Radchenko V, Schreckenbach G, Ramogida CF. Selective Chelation of the Exotic Meitner-Auger Emitter Mercury-197 m/g with Sulfur-Rich Macrocyclic Ligands: Towards the Future of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203815. [PMID: 36701527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury-197 m/g are a promising pair of radioactive isomers for incorporation into a theranostic as they can be used as a diagnostic agent using SPECT imaging and a therapeutic via Meitner-Auger electron emissions. However, the current absence of ligands able to stably coordinate 197m/g Hg to a tumour-targeting vector precludes their use in vivo. To address this, we report herein a series of sulfur-rich chelators capable of incorporating 197m/g Hg into a radiopharmaceutical. 1,4,7,10-Tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecane (NS4 ) and its derivatives, (2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetic acid (NS4 -CA) and N-benzyl-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetamide (NS4 -BA), were designed, synthesized and analyzed for their ability to coordinate Hg2+ through a combination of theoretical (DFT) and experimental coordination chemistry studies (NMR and mass spectrometry) as well as 197m/g Hg radiolabeling studies and in vitro stability assays. The development of stable ligands for 197m/g Hg reported herein is extremely impactful as it would enable their use for in vivo imaging and therapy, leading to personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cailum M K Stienstra
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Anthony W McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Cai Z, Al-Saden N, Georgiou CJ, Reilly RM. Cellular dosimetry of 197Hg, 197mHg and 111In: comparison of dose deposition and identification of the cell and nuclear membrane as important targets. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:53-63. [PMID: 33179984 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1849850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the reliability to model cellular S-values for the Auger electron (AE) emitters, 111In, 197Hg and 197mHg with MCNP6 and their relative dose deposition in subcellular targets. METHODS A model cell was defined as four concentric spheres consisting of the nucleus (N), cytoplasm (Cy), cell and nuclear membranes (CM, NM) in which radionuclides distributed homogeneously. The transport of AE, conversion electrons and photons were simulated by MCNP6 to calculate cellular S values (SN←CM, SN←Cy, SN←NM, SN←N, SCM←CM, SNM←NM). SN←CM, SN←Cy and SN←N were also calculated with MIRDcell. RESULTS MIRDcell and MCNP6-calculated SN←N were in excellent agreement, but a slight discrepancy on SN←Cy and SN←CM was observed. The ratios of SCM←CM or SNM←NM vs. SN←N were 9.7-51.0 or 10.5-37.4, 7.9-41.8 or 8.4-31.8 and 7.2-36.9 or 8.0-28.1 for 111In, 197Hg, 197mHg, respectively. The mean S(197Hg)/S(111In) and S(197mHg)/S(111In) were 2.5 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cellular S-values were reliably calculated with MCNP6. 197Hg and 197mHg deposit two-fold more doses than 111In at the subcellular scale. All AE emitters deposit a higher self-dose in the CM and NM than in the N, which warrants studies on the effects of targeting the CM and NM by AE emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Noor Al-Saden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Chen S, Bas M, Happel S, Randhawa P, McNeil S, Kurakina E, Zeisler S, Maskell K, Hoehr C, Ramogida CF, Radchenko V. Determination of distribution coefficients of mercury and gold on selected extraction chromatographic resins - towards an improved separation method of mercury-197 from proton-irradiated gold targets. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463717. [PMID: 36565656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioisotope mercury-197g (197gHg, half-life: 64.14 h) along with its metastable isomer (197mHg, half-life: 23.8 h) are potential candidates for targeted Meitner-Auger electron therapy due to their suitable decay properties. Their production can be achieved via proton irradiation of a natural gold target, but the number of studies surrounding their separation from an irradiated gold target is limited. This study focuses on the determination of distribution coefficients (Kd) of gold (III) and mercury (II) on seven extraction chromatographic resins. Mercury Kd were measured by means of radiotracers and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP_MS); values obtained from the two methods were generally in good agreement. These results can provide insight on Hg and Au chemistry and aid in the design of improved separation system(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuang Chen
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marine Bas
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Elena Kurakina
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Keiran Maskell
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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6
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Nichols AL. Status of the decay data for medical radionuclides: existing and potential diagnostic γ emitters, diagnostic β + emitters and therapeutic radioisotopes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recommended half-lives and specific well-defined emission energies and absolute emission probabilities are important input parameters that should be well-defined to assist in ensuring the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of individual radionuclides when applied in the field of nuclear medicine. Bearing in mind the nature of these requirements, approximately one hundred radionuclides have been considered and re-assessed as to whether their decay data are either adequately quantified, or require further in-depth measurements to improve their existing status and merit full re-evaluations of their decay schemes. The primary aim of such a review is to provide sufficient information on the existing and future requirements for such atomic and nuclear data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L. Nichols
- Department of Physics , University of Surrey , Guildford , GU2 7XH , UK
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 , India
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7
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Gilpin IMF, Ullrich M, Wünsche T, Zarschler K, Lebeda O, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch H, Walther M. Radiolabelled Cyclic Bisarylmercury: High Chemical and in vivo Stability for Theranostics. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2645-2649. [PMID: 33949125 PMCID: PMC8518081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We show the synthesis of an in vivo stable mercury compound with functionality suitable for radiopharmaceuticals. The designed cyclic bisarylmercury was based on the water tolerance of organomercurials, higher bond dissociation energy of Hg-Ph to Hg-S, and the experimental evidence that acyclic structures suffer significant cleavage of one of the Hg-R bonds. The bispidine motif was chosen for its in vivo stability, chemical accessibility, and functionalization properties. Radionuclide production results in 197(m) HgCl2 (aq), so the desired mercury compound was formed via a water-tolerant organotin transmetallation. The Hg-bispidine compound showed high chemical stability in tests with an excess of sulfur-containing competitors and high in vivo stability, without any observable protein interaction by human serum assay, and good organ clearance demonstrated by biodistribution and SPECT studies in rats. In particular, no retention in the kidneys was observed, typical of unstable mercury compounds. The nat Hg analogue allowed full characterization by NMR and HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Moore F. Gilpin
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceDresden University of TechnologyMommsenstrasse 901062DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Wünsche
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Ondřej Lebeda
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsNuclear Physics Institute of the CASŘež 130250 68Husinec-ŘežCzech Republic
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceDresden University of TechnologyMommsenstrasse 901062DresdenGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstrasse 40001328DresdenGermany
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Izydorczyk G, Mironiuk M, Baśladyńska S, Mikulewicz M, Chojnacka K. Hair mineral analysis in the population of students living in the Lower Silesia region (Poland) in 2019: Comparison with biomonitoring study in 2009 and literature data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110441. [PMID: 33181137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a comparative analysis of biomonitoring research results using hair mineral analysis today and 10 years ago. The aim of the present work was to examine the impact of individual factors, on the content of elements in human hair. The mineral analysis of 115 hair samples was carried out using ICP-OES and AAS technique. It was shown that calcium, barium, copper, mercury, magnesium, manganese and selenium content depend on gender and is higher for women. Statistically significant synergistic correlations were identified between the following pairs of elements: (Ca-Mg), (P-S), (Mo-Sb) and (Ba-Pb). The results of the present work were compared with the previous assessment in 2009 on students of the same age. The content of most of the heavy metals in hair was reduced significantly, which is a sign of the improving state of the local environment. The greatest decrease was recorded for silver (96.6%), arsenic (93.4%), mercury (45.1%), lead (67.7%), antimony (55.2%), thallium (10 times) and cobalt (93.7%). The level of the following elements increased: Ba: 27.3%, Cu: 28.5%, Ni: 22.4%, Ti: 191%, Zn: 11.0%. Changes in the content of most heavy metals in hair have been noted, as well as changes of reference ranges, which may indicate an improvement in the state of the environment in Wrocław, Lower Silesia (Poland) over the last 10 years. These results were confirmed by biomonitoring studies carried out with human hair, which was shown to be a reliable biomarker of human exposure to toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mironiuk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Baśladyńska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Mikulewicz
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372, Wrocław, Poland
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Filosofov D, Kurakina E, Radchenko V. Potent candidates for Targeted Auger Therapy: Production and radiochemical considerations. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 94-95:1-19. [PMID: 33461040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted Auger Therapy represents great potential for the therapy of diseases which require a high degree of selectivity on the cellular level (e.g. for therapy of metastatic cancers). Due to their high Linear Energy Transfer (LET), Auger emitters, combined with selective biological systems which enable delivery of radionuclides close to the DNA of the targeting cell, can be extremely selective and powerful treatment tools. There are two main aspects associated with the development of efficient radiopharmaceuticals based on Auger Emitters: a) the availability of suitable Auger-emitting radionuclides for therapy and b) the design of targeting vectors which can deliver Auger emitters into/close to the nucleus. In the present review, we address the first aspect by defining important parameters for the selection of radionuclides for application to Targeted Auger Therapy and form a categorized list of the most promising radionuclides, their possible production routes, and their use in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kurakina
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Fiaccabrino DE, Kunz P, Radchenko V. Potential for production of medical radionuclides with on-line isotope separation at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF and particular discussion of the examples of 165Er and 155Tb. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 94-95:81-91. [PMID: 33607326 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of medical radionuclides with ISOL facilities is a unique production method that may provide access to preclinical quantities of some rare and potent radionuclides for nuclear medicine. Particularly attention over the past years was focused on several promising candidates for Targeted Radionuclides Therapy (TRT). With this review, we provide some perspectives of using the TRIUMF ISOL facility (ISAC) to produce medical radionuclides for TRT application and highlight our current effort to collect of 165Er and 155Tb for Auger Therapy and SPECT imaging, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Erika Fiaccabrino
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Peter Kunz
- Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Separation of no-carrier-added 195,195m,197mHg from proton irradiated Au target by TK200 and DGA-N resins. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Despotopulos JD, Kmak KN. Rapid isolation of 197m,gHg from proton irradiated Au foils. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Howell RW. Advancements in the use of Auger electrons in science and medicine during the period 2015-2019. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 99:2-27. [PMID: 33021416 PMCID: PMC8062591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1831706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auger electrons can be highly radiotoxic when they are used to irradiate specific molecular sites. This has spurred basic science investigations of their radiobiological effects and clinical investigations of their potential for therapy. Focused symposia on the biophysical aspects of Auger processes have been held quadrennially. This 9th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes at Oxford University brought together scientists from many different fields to review past findings, discuss the latest studies, and plot the future work to be done. This review article examines the research in this field that was published during the years 2015-2019 which corresponds to the period since the last meeting in Japan. In addition, this article points to future work yet to be done. There have been a plethora of advancements in our understanding of Auger processes. These advancements range from basic atomic and molecular physics to new ways to implement Auger electron emitters in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The highly localized doses of radiation that are deposited within a 10 nm of the decay site make them precision tools for discovery across the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Molecular imaging using the theranostic agent 197(m)Hg: phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. EJNMMI Phys 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 30146662 PMCID: PMC6110306 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-018-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiomercury 197mHg and 197Hg, henceforth referred to as 197(m)Hg, is a promising theranostic radionuclide endowed with properties that allow diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The aim of this work was to investigate the capabilities of 197(m)Hg for nuclear medicine imaging. Therefore measurements were performed by using a Philips BrightView SPECT camera. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations using the GATE software were performed to theoretically explore the imaging contribution from the various gamma and X-ray emissions from 197(m)Hg for a commercial clinical camera with low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) and high-energy general-purpose (HEGP) collimators. We estimated the spatial resolution by using a four-quadrant bar phantom, and we evaluated the planar and tomographic images from an abdominal phantom containing three cylindrical sources of 197(m)Hg solution. Results A good accordance between measurements and simulations was found for planar and SPECT imaging. Simulations allowed the decomposition of the detected energy spectrum into photon origins. Measurements and simulations for the bar phantom revealed that for the LEHR collimator, the 6-mm pattern could be resolved, whereas for the HEGP collimator, the resolution is about 10 mm. Furthermore, we found that no significant image distortion results from high-energy photons when using the LEHR collimator. Conclusions We demonstrated the imaging capabilities of 197(m)Hg which is essential both for diagnostic applications and to determine the in vivo biodistribution for dose calculations in therapeutic applications.
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Ghosh K, Maiti M, Lahiri S. Separation of 195(m,g),197mHg from bulk gold target by liquid-liquid extraction using hydrophobic ionic liquids. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 195(m,g),197mHg radionuclides were produced in accelerator when natural Au foil was irradiated with 23 MeV protons. The no-carrier-added (NCA) Hg radioisotopes were separated from the bulk Au target by liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) employing hydrophobic RTILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([C4mim][PF6]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide([bmim][Tf2N]) as extractant with HNO3 and HCl. In each case, bulk Au was extracted into the RTIL phase leaving NCA Hg-radionuclides in the aqueous phase. The RTILs were recovered by washing with 1 M K2S2O5 and freshly prepared 1 M FeSO4. The reported separation methods follow green chemistry approach as it does not involve any volatile reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustab Ghosh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF, Bidhannagar , Kolkata-700064 , India
| | - Moumita Maiti
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee-247667 , India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF, Bidhannagar , Kolkata-700064 , India
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Separation of no-carrier-added 195(m,g),197mHg from Au target by ionic liquid and salt based aqueous biphasic systems. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Qaim SM, Spahn I, Scholten B, Neumaier B. Uses of alpha particles, especially in nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alpha particles exhibit three important characteristics: scattering, ionisation and activation. This article briefly discusses those properties and outlines their major applications. Among others, α-particles are used in elemental analysis, investigation and improvement of materials properties, nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. The latter two topics, dealing with activation of target materials, are treated in some detail in this paper. Measurements of excitation functions of α-particle induced reactions shed some light on their reaction mechanisms, and studies of isomeric cross sections reveal the probability of population of high-spin nuclear levels. Regarding medical radionuclides, an overview is presented of the isotopes commonly produced using α-particle beams. Consideration is also given to some routes which could be potentially useful for production of a few other radionuclides. The significance of α-particle induced reactions to produce a few high-spin isomeric states, decaying by emission of low-energy conversion or Auger electrons, which are of interest in localized internal radiotherapy, is outlined. The α-particle beam, thus broadens the scope of nuclear chemistry research related to development of non-standard positron emitters and therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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