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Welarathna S, Velautham S, Sarasanandarajah S. Patient dose and associated exposure parameters in pelvic x-ray examinations: dependence on radiographic system. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2024; 63:433-442. [PMID: 39020221 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-024-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Technological differences between computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems can influence patient doses and exposure parameters in pelvic x-ray examinations. The presence of radiosensitive organs in the pelvic region underscores the need to optimize these parameters for both CR and DR systems. This prospective study aimed to compare the patient doses and exposure parameters for adult patients undergoing pelvic x-ray examinations using CR and DR systems, based on data from Sri Lanka. The study included data from 56 x-ray examinations, with 25 using CR and 31 using DR. Patient demographic characteristics and exposure parameters (kVp: kilovoltage peak, mAs: tube current-exposure time product) were recorded, and patient doses were measured in terms of the kerma-area product (PKA) using a PKA meter. Despite similar mean weight and body mass index (BMI), the CR systems showed significantly higher mean kVp (7.4%), mAs (16.4%), and PKA (29.7%) than the DR systems (CR - kVp: 73.2, mAs: 37.8, PKA: 2.29 Gy cm2; DR - kVp: 67.8, mAs: 31.6, PKA: 1.61 Gy cm2). The Mann-Whitney U test revealed statistically significant differences in PKA and kVp between the CR and DR systems (p < 0.05). Furthermore, even with lower patient weight and BMI, the mean mAs and PKA in this study were substantially higher than those reported in the literature for both CR and DR systems. These results suggest the need to optimize current mAs settings for the studied hospitals and introduce radiographic system-specific exposure parameters and reference dose levels for pelvic x-ray examinations in order to enhance patient protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachith Welarathna
- Department of Physics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sivakumar Velautham
- Department of Physics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Sivananthan Sarasanandarajah
- Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Ahmed AM, Musa A, Medani A, Mahmoud M, Osman H, Elsamani M, Kajoak S, Alghamdi SS, Tajaldeen A, Hanfi MY, Khandaker MU. Establishment of a local diagnostic reference level for computed tomography chest and abdomen in two different cities in Saudi Arabia. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 204:111147. [PMID: 38113663 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans, which are considered a high-contrast resolution, quick and cross-sectional imaging technique, have grown in popularity as a result of technological advancements. However, these advancements have brought with them the potential for significantly increased radiation doses to the patient. Consequently, many organizations recommended optimization and establishing diagnostic reference levels. The aim of the current study was to assess CT radiation dose and propose a local diagnostic reference level (LDRL) for the adult trunk [chest and abdomen] using CT dose parameters such as CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) as well as to compare the practices for aforementioned examinations between two hospitals in Taif and Abha cities in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 428 patients (216 for abdomen and 212 for chest) who were examined in two hospitals in Taif and Abha City in Saudi Arabia from December 2022 to March 2023, are used in this study. The data for hospitals in Taif and Abha are presented as 'T' and 'A' throughout this manuscript. The parameters of exposure and slice thickness were recorded in a specially designed data sheet together with the gender, age and patients morphometric. Microsoft Excel version 2010 was used to analyze results and plot the figures. The LDRL was achieved from the third quartile of CTDIvol and DLP for each hospital and examination. RESULTS The average DLP (mGy-cm) and CTDIvol (mGy) for the chest and abdomen were 243 mGy cm, 5.8 mGy and 549 mGy cm, 8.6 mGy respectively. The average effective dose (ED) for chest and abdomen were 5.10 and 21.10 mSv, respectively. The proposed LDRL for the chest and abdomen were 6.9 mGy (CTDIvol), 375 mGy-cm (DLP), 7.8 mGy (CTDIvol), and 747 (DLP) mGy-cm, respectively. CONCLUSION Hospital 'A' irradiated patients with a higher dose for the abdomen exam than Hospital 'T', but both hospitals agreed on the amount of radiation dose received by patients for chest imaging. The proposed LDRL for two examinations was less than the DRL obtained from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alamin Musa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Medani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Mahmoud
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Elsamani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samih Kajoak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Tajaldeen
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530 El-Maadi, Cairo, Egypt; Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia; Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
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Yagahara A, Ando D, Oda M. Demonstration of Japanese radiographic examination codes in establishing typical values for a wide variety of general radiography examinations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2249. [PMID: 38278840 PMCID: PMC10817891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate Japanese radiographic examination codes JJ1017 in establishing typical values for a wide variety of general radiography. About 200,000 sets of examination data were collected, including exposure conditions, JJ1017 code applied, examination room numbers and patient information. Typical values for adults, children, and infants were calculated from the collected data, and the following items were examined: comparing typical values of general radiography in Japan DRLs 2015 and typical values in a facility; comparison of typical values between X-ray equipment for examinations of DRLs 2015; comparison of typical values for different procedures at the same anatomical site; identification of examination items associated with high radiation doses. The total numbers of JJ1017 codes applicable to the examinations were 45,372 for adults, 542 for children, and 2339 for infants. To calculate the typical values and compare these with the DRLs, we used a combination of JJ1017 anatomical codes, posture codes, and direction of radiation codes. The combination of these codes allowed the calculation of a typical value and comparison with DRLs 2015. Comparison between devices reveals differences in radiation doses and provides an opportunity to review the characteristics of the devices and their operation to suggest dose reductions. By calculating typical values for examination items for which the DRLs were not available, we were able to identify examination items with high doses in a facility and suggest items that should be audited in the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yagahara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Department of Radiology, Southern TOHOKU Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Oda
- Department of Radiological Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Khandaker MU, Abuzaid MM, Mohamed IA, Yousef M, Jastaniah S, Alshammari QT, Alghamdi SS, Osman H, Mohamed Ahmed A, Musa A, Ahmed Medani AM, Lam SE, Bradley DA. Investigation of the Radiographer's adherence and compliance with radiation protection and infection control practices during COVID-19 mobile radiography. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 210:111023. [PMID: 37206369 PMCID: PMC10174468 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiological staff, especially radiographers, work as front liners against the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to assess compliance with radiation protection and infection control practices during COVID-19 mobile radiography procedures. This cross-sectional study included 234 radiographers (females, 56%, n = 131; males, 44%, n = 103) who were asked to complete an online questionnaire consisting of demographic data, radiation protection and infection control practices during COVID-19 portable cases, and knowledge and awareness. After informed consent was completed, SPSS statistical software was used for the data analysis. The most common age group of participants ranged from 18 to 25 years old (30.3%, n = 71). Bachelor's degree holders were 74.4% (n = 174). Most radiographers (39.7%, n = 93) had a working experience of 1-5 years, followed by 27.8% (n = 65) with more than 16 years of experience. Most respondents (62.4%, n = 146) handled approximately 1-5 cases daily, the majority of them (56%, n = 131) stated affirmatively they had obtained special training to handle COVID-19, and when inquired if they had received any special allowances for handling COVID-19 suspected/confirmed cases most of them stated negative (73.9%, n = 173). Most participants stated that they always wear a TLD during portable cases (67.1%, n = 157) and a lead apron (51.7%, n = 121). Around 73% (n = 171) knew the latest information on COVID-19 and attended the COVID-19 awareness course. A significant association was found between the work experience of the radiographers and their responses to following the best practices (p = 0.018, α = 0.05). Radiographers who had COVID-19 training (μ = 48.78) tend to adhere more to best practices than those who have not (p = 0.04, α = 0.05). Further, respondents who handled more than 16/more COVID-19 suspected/confirmed cases followed the best practices more (μ = 50.38) than those who handled less (p = 0.04, α = 0.05). This study revealed detailed information on radiation protection and infection control practices during COVID-19 mobile radiography. It has been observed that the participants/radiographers have good knowledge and awareness of radiation protection and infection-control practices. The present results may be used to plan future requirements regarding resources and training to ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed M Abuzaid
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ikhlas A Mohamed
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Radiologic Sciences Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saddig Jastaniah
- Radiologic Sciences Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qurain T Alshammari
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hai'l, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alamin Musa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Mohamed Ahmed Medani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S E Lam
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Research Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guidlford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Salah H, Rabbaa M, Abuljoud M, Babikir E, Alkhorayef M, Tamam N, Tahir D, Sulieman A, Bradley DA. Paediatric effective radiation doses during brain computed tomography angiography procedure. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110610. [PMID: 36525913 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to adults and paediatric are more sensitive to ionizing radiation exposure. Computed tomography (CT) is now the dominant source of medical radiologic tests for patients, accounting for more than 70% of total doses to the general public. Paediatric CT brain scans (with and without contrast) are routinely performed for a variety of clinical reasons. As a result, this parameter must be calculated in order to determine relative radiation risk. The goal of this study is to assess the radiation risk to children during CT brain diagnostic procedures. Three hundred fifty three child patients' radiation risk doses were assessed over the course of a year. The mean and ranged of the children's radiation doses were 40.6 ± 8.8 (27.8-45.8) CTDIvol (mGy) and 850 ± 230 (568.1-1126.4) DLP (mGy.cm) for the brain with contrast medium. For CT brain without contrast, the patients' doses were 40.9 ± 9.4 (14.27-64.07) CTDIvol (mGy), and 866.1 ± 289.3 (203.6-2484.9) DLP (mGy.cm). The characteristics related to the radiation dose were retrieved from the scan protocol generated by the CT system by the participating physicians after each procedure. Furthermore, optimizing the CT acquisition parameter is critical for increasing the benefit while lowering the procedure's radiogenic risk. The patients' radiation dose is comparable with the most previously published studies and international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Radiation dose optimization is recommended due to high sensitivity of the paediatric patients to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salah
- INAYA Medical Collage, Nuclear Medicine Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medical Radiologic Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Mohammad Rabbaa
- Radiology Department, Riyadh Care Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - E Babikir
- Radiologic Technology Program, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - M Alkhorayef
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahlang Tahir
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - A Sulieman
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Evaluation of patients doses at medical imaging departments. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saeed MK, Abdallah Y, Sulieman A. Assessment of patient radiation dose during skull X-ray examinations in King Khalid Hospital in Majmaah. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Osman H, Alosaimi M, Alghamdi F, Aljuaid A, Alqurashi M, Aldajani S, Faizo NL, Alamri S, Althobaiti YS, Khandaker MU, Suleiman A. Evaluation of CT dose and establishment of local DRLs for abdomen and pelvis examinations in hospitals in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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