Adsorption of thorium (IV) ions using a novel borate-based nano material Ca3Y2B4O12: Application of response surface methodology and Artificial Neural Network

Synthesis of ion exchange film based on chemical grafting of styrene onto polyethylene/EPDM rubber blend for thorium removal

Chemical grafting of low-density polyethylene film blended with ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (PE/EPDM) using styrene monomer followed by a sulfonation process was investigated. Different factors affecting the grafting process, such as monomer and initiator concentrations, time of reaction, and grafting temperature, were studied. Sulfonation of the grafted films was carried out using chlorosulfonic acid in dichloromethane. Characterization of the grafted and sulfonated films was performed using ATR-FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD instruments. The grafting was successfully performed in aqueous media using sodium bisulfite as initiator, reaching a grafting yield of 130% and an ion exchange capacity of 1.2 meq/g. The removal of thorium ions from aqueous solution was studied using the obtained ion exchange films. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Th(IV) was 177.5 mg. g-1 (pH = 3, 298 K and 60 min). Removal isotherm and Kinetics were investigated, and the results revealed that the adsorption process was chemisorption homogeneous monolayer adsorption, exothermic, and spontaneous.

Unraveling the nuclear isotope tapestry: Applications, challenges, and future horizons in a dynamic landscape

Nuclear isotopes, distinct atoms characterized by varying neutron counts, have profoundly influenced a myriad of sectors, spanning from medical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions to energy production and defense strategies. Their multifaceted applications have been celebrated for catalyzing revolutionary breakthroughs, yet these advancements simultaneously introduce intricate challenges that warrant thorough investigation. These challenges encompass safety protocols, potential environmental detriments, and the complex geopolitical landscape surrounding nuclear proliferation and disarmament. This comprehensive review embarks on a deep exploration of nuclear isotopes, elucidating their nuanced classifications, wide-ranging applications, intricate governing policies, and the multifaceted impacts of their unintended emissions or leaks. Furthermore, the study meticulously examines the cutting-edge remediation techniques currently employed to counteract nuclear contamination while projecting future innovations in this domain. By weaving together historical context, current applications, and forward-looking perspectives, this review offers a panoramic view of the nuclear isotope landscape. In conclusion, the significance of nuclear isotopes cannot be understated. As we stand at the crossroads of technological advancement and ethical responsibility, this review underscores the paramount importance of harnessing nuclear isotopes' potential in a manner that prioritizes safety, sustainability, and the greater good of humanity.

Eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent derived from blast furnace slag with black liquor waste for hazardous remediation

The current investigation concerns with preparation eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent (mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SBL)) based on black liquor (BL) containing lignin derived from sugarcane bagasse and combining it with sodium silicate derived from blast furnace slag (BFS) for thorium adsorption. Thorium ions were adsorbed from an aqueous solution using the synthesized bio-sorbent (SBL), which was then assessed by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Th(IV) sorption properties, including the pH effect, uptake rate, and sorption isotherms across various temperatures were investigated. The maximum sorption capacity of Th(IV) on SBL is 158.88 mg/L at pH value of 4328 K, and 60 min contact time. We demonstrated that the adsorption processes comport well with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir adsorption models considering the kinetics and equilibrium data. According to thermodynamic inspections results, the Th(IV) adsorption process exhibited endothermic and random behavior suggested by positive ΔH° and ΔS° values, while the negative ΔG° values indicated a spontaneous sorption process. The maximum Th(IV) desorption from the loaded SBL (Th/SBL) was carried out at 0.25 M of NaHCO3 and 60 min of contact. Sorption/desorption processes have five successive cycles. Finally, this study suggests that the recycling of BFS and BL can be exploited for the procurement of a promising Th(IV) adsorbents.