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González-Roz A, Aonso-Diego G, Martínez-Loredo V, Cuesta M, Secades-Villa R. Effects of Risk Perception and Accessibility on Cannabis Use among Young Population in Spain: Findings from the 2016 National Survey (ESTUDES). Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:36-46. [PMID: 34678115 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1981387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCannabis use in the young population has undergone a significant increase in Europe. Empirical assessments of individual and contextual mediating variables in relation to cannabis use are informative for prevention actions and have yet to be conducted in Spain. Objectives: This study used the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (ESTUDES) to inform on potentially relevant cannabis prevention targets. We examined individual variables (sex, age, and cannabis risk perception), past 30-day legal and illicit substance use, substance-free activities, and contextual factors (perceived accessibility to cannabis) associated to past 30-day cannabis use. Methods: Data were drawn from 35,369 adolescents (% females: 50.1). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was implemented to identify predictors of cannabis use, and indirect paths were tested via bootstrapping to examine the mediating effects of cannabis risk perception and accessibility. Results: Demographics (male sex, higher age), and past 30-day tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use were associated with past 30-day cannabis use. Frequency of past-year engagement in hobbies and reading did also predict past 30-day cannabis use. The mediators worked on most of the relationships examined, except for hobbies and illegal substance use in the case of accessibility and reading and hobbies in the case of risk perception. Conclusions/importance: Cannabis use is more likely to emerge in the event of low risk perception and high accessibility. Lower frequency of past year reading and higher engagement in some hobbies that are often carried out alone represent risk factors, which could potentially influence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS) - University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Martínez-Loredo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Addictions in Spanish College Students in Confinement Times: Preventive and Social Perspective. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diverse studies have shown that a significant percentage of the Spanish university population suffers from different addictions. They are both a personal and public health problem if there is not a greater awareness of the risks involved and if the appropriate prevention measures are not taken, among them educational ones. In this context, a descriptive and explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted during the first half of June 2020, coinciding with the period of confinement that occurred in Spain during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that this is such an exceptional time, the main objective of this study was to obtain information especially on students’ substance consumption and possible addictions at this time. Knowing the specific situation of this problem in that specific situation may allow for comparative studies in the future. The sample was composed of 310 university students from 14 Spanish universities. The instrument used in the research was the ASSIST questionnaire, developed by the WHO for the detection of alcohol, tobacco, and substance consumption. As result, a moderate and high risk was observed mainly in the following substances: alcohol (36.2%), tobacco (33.2%), cannabis (22.9%), and sedatives (10.3%). Through the logistic regression of the set of drugs, it has been proven that, on the one hand, the addiction to cocaine and sedatives in the family environment and age, on the other hand, are the main predictive variables of drug consumption. The existence of polysubstance abuse was also determined. These data show the need for educational bodies and university institutions to promote awareness, sensitization, and health education programs to deal with this important problem, especially in extraordinary situations, such as the one referred to, which could increase this consumption.
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Castro-Jiménez RA, Fonseca del Pozo FJ, Jiménez Moral G, Fruet-Cardozo JV. Analysis of health habits, vices and interpersonal relationships of Spanish adolescents, using SEM statistical model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04699. [PMID: 32904217 PMCID: PMC7452389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to know the state of health of a sample of adolescents and how it relates to toxic habits and personal relationships. Likewise, it is presented how can influence eating habits, sports practice and interpersonal relationships in their general health status. The research has carried out through a survey of 56 questions to 470 adolescents, between 13 and 18 years old, of both sexes, of different schools in the province of Cordoba, Spain. These results have been subjected to a statistical model widely used in health and social sciences in general, called Structural Equations Model (SEM), through the SPSS program, v. 23 and AMOS. SEM is widely used in the social sciences to estimate regression models (usually multi-equational). The estimated model shows a significant global acceptability based on the usual statistical tests and goodness-of-fit measures. In this regard, these results are: CMIN = 17.554 with 33 degrees of freedom (DF) and a probability level, p = 0.987, which is higher than any reasonable level of significance (α = 0.05, 0.10, even 0.20). Likewise, FMIN = 0.038, CFI = 1.000 and RMSEA = 0.000. The main recommendation of this research aimed at improving good eating and healthy habits, and to avoid toxic habits of adolescents, is to begin the education in the family, in coordination with their school and high school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Vicente Fruet-Cardozo
- Department of Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, Business Organization and Applied Economics, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Raña P, Pérez-Ríos M, Santiago-Pérez MI, Crujeiras RM. Impact of a comprehensive law on the prevalence of tobacco consumption in Spain: evaluation of different scenarios. Public Health 2016; 138:41-9. [PMID: 27076441 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since 2011, smoking legislation was hardened in Spain, banning tobacco consumption in all hospitality venues. Law 42/2010 was the first comprehensive tobacco control policy enacted in Spain. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect that this intervention has had in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption, setting up three scenarios on the basis of different theoretical levels of effect of the law. METHODS A predictive model based on Markov Chains was developed to distinguish the effect of tobacco control policies in different scenarios. STUDY DESIGN The model developed uses population, smoking rates and smoking characteristics from a non-transmissible disease surveillance system developed in Galicia (namely SICRI). RESULTS Results show that tobacco control policies hardly affect the predicted trend in a temporal frame of 10 years, with relative reduction in the predicted male smoking prevalence of 20.4% with no intervention, reaching a reduction of 26.1% under the maximum effect of the policies. CONCLUSIONS In the global population the effects of the law in the predicted prevalence have been barely perceived. For people under 25 years of age, interventions have had an important and positive effect, which proves that policies affecting this age group should be hardened.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raña
- Department of Mathematics, University of A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Ríos
- Epidemiology Unit, Galician Directorate for Public Health, Galician Health Authority, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - M I Santiago-Pérez
- Epidemiology Unit, Galician Directorate for Public Health, Galician Health Authority, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R M Crujeiras
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Escario JJ, Wilkinson AV. The Intergenerational Transmission of Smoking Across Three Cohabitant Generations: A Count Data Approach. J Community Health 2015; 40:912-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fu M, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Clèries R, Villalbí JR, Daynard RA, Connolly GN, Fernández E. Opposite trends in the consumption of manufactured and roll-your-own cigarettes in Spain (1991-2020). BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006552. [PMID: 25500162 PMCID: PMC4265149 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe trends in the consumption of manufactured and roll-your-own cigarettes between 1991 and 2012 in Spain, and to project these trends up to 2020. METHODS We estimated daily consumption per capita during 1991-2012 using data on sales of manufactured cigarettes (20-packs) and rolling tobacco (kg) from the Tobacco Market Commission, and using data of the Spanish adult population from the National Statistics Institute. We considered different weights (0.5, 0.8 and 1 g) to compute the number of rolled cigarettes per capita. We computed the annual per cent of change and assessed possible changes in trends using joinpoint regression, and projected the consumption up to 2020 using Bayesian methods. RESULTS Daily consumption per capita of manufactured cigarettes decreased on average by 3.0% per year in 1991-2012, from 7.6 to 3.8 units, with three trend changes. However, daily consumption per capita of roll-your-own cigarettes increased on average by 14.1% per year, from 0.07 to 0.92 units of 0.5 g, with unchanged trends. Together, daily consumption per capita decreased between 2.9% and 2.5%, depending on the weight of the roll-your-own cigarettes. Projections up to 2020 indicate a decrease of manufactured cigarettes (1.75 units per capita) but an increase of roll-your-own cigarettes (1.25 units per capita). CONCLUSIONS While the consumption per capita of manufactured cigarettes has decreased in the past years in Spain, the consumption of roll-your-own cigarettes has increased at an annual rate around 14% over the past years. Whereas a net decrease in cigarette consumption is expected in the future, use of roll-your-own cigarettes will continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Public Health Advocacy Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramon Clèries
- Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Registry of Catalonia, Plan for Oncology of the Catalan Government, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre of Public Health and Epidemiology-CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard A Daynard
- Public Health Advocacy Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory N Connolly
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Global Tobacco Control, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Castellano JM, Peñalvo JL, Bansilal S, Fuster V. Promoción de la salud cardiovascular en tres etapas de la vida: nunca es demasiado pronto, nunca demasiado tarde. Rev Esp Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Promotion of cardiovascular health at three stages of life: never too soon, never too late. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:731-7. [PMID: 25172069 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an especially devastating impact in low-to-medium income countries. Cardiovascular disease has been elevated to this position by a combination of factors that include urbanization and its attendant effects, such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, changes in dietary habits, and smoking. Given the enormous extent of the problem and the complexity of its causes, which include cultural, social, political, and health care factors, an equally sophisticated and comprehensive strategy is required to combat cardiovascular disease on a global scale. Because exposure to cardiovascular risk factors occurs from early ages, this strategy must be expanded and adjusted throughout the life of an individual. Thus, our efforts should be concentrated not only on cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention, but also on health promotion and primordial prevention. In this review, we present different strategies yielding encouraging results at the population level, from childhood until old age, that aim to protect against the challenges facing the scientific community when combating cardiovascular disease.
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Sagarkar AR, Sagarkar RM, Arabbi KC, Shivamallappa SM. A substantive review on tobacco use among school-going adolescents in India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 3:7-11. [PMID: 24478973 PMCID: PMC3894095 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use among the adolescents in india is believed to be on an increase. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out to summarize these studies. Several electronic databases were searched, supplemented by screening reference lists, smoking-related websites, and contacting experts. Selection, extraction, and quality assessments were carried out by one or two independent reviewers. The focus was on studies conducted on the school-going children in india and discussed in a global perspective. A narrative review was carried out. Many of the studies lacked sufficient power to estimate precise risks associated with the study subjects, as it mainly involved questionnaire studies. Studies were often designed to investigate tobacco use, but many had major methodological limitations including poor control and imprecise measurements of exposure. Studies in india showed a high risk of major health-related illness and several forms of cancers such as oro-pharyngeal cancers associated with the chewing form of tobacco. Studies from other regions and of other cancer types were not consistent. Tobacco use is increasing among the adolescents and has become an persistent issue that is usually carried over to their adulthood. In india, there is a stringent need for awareness creating oral health education programs in the school and college premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha R Sagarkar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Roshan M Sagarkar
- Department of Orthodontics, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kashinath C Arabbi
- Department of Prosthodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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Ariza C, García-Continente X, Villalbí JR, Sánchez-Martínez F, Pérez A, Nebot M. Consumo de tabaco de los adolescentes en Barcelona y tendencias a lo largo de 20 años. GACETA SANITARIA 2014; 28:25-33. [PMID: 24332818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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[Cigarette smoking prevalence and associated factors in secondary school children in Catalunya]. Aten Primaria 2013; 45:315-23. [PMID: 23411164 PMCID: PMC6985477 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos Analizar aquellos factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes para plantear futuras intervenciones de promoción de la salud desarrolladas por las escuelas y centros de atención primaria. Diseño Estudio transversal, muestreo por conglomerados bietápico. Emplazamiento Se incluyeron 97 centros escolares de Cataluña, 2005-2006. Participantes Se obtuvieron 9.340 cuestionarios completos de estudiantes entre 14-16 años. Mediciones principales Encuesta autoadministrada que recogía variables sociodemográficas, académicas, estado de salud, familiares, relaciones sexuales, sustancias adictivas, estados de ánimo y variables de opinión sobre el consumo. Se analizó la asociación de estas variables con la variable dependiente fumador/no fumador y también fueron analizadas como factores que aumentaban la probabilidad de ser fumador mediante modelos multinivel. Resultados Se incluyeron 4.653 chicos y 4.687 chicas, con una edad media de 15,2 años. El 71,1% de los estudiantes eran no fumadores, el 75% de los chicos y el 67,3% de las chicas. Aumentaban la probabilidad de ser fumador (OR e IC 95%): ser chica 0,60 (0,53-0,68), cursar 4.o ESO 1,27 (1,12-1,43), tener un rendimiento escolar bajo 3,38 (2,74-4,17), tener una autopercepción de salud regular/mala 2,81 (2,21-3,58), tener padres fumadores 1,68 (1,45-1,95), consumir alcohol 5,05 (4,35-5,86), tener 3 o más problemas de estado de ánimo 1,22 (1,05-1,41), vivir sin ningún progenitor 1,59 (1,07-2,38), estar de acuerdo en que exista publicidad sobre tabaco 1,64 (1,45-1,85), y opinar que el tabaco ayuda a relajarse 3,57 (3,23-4,17). Conclusiones Aunque la mayoría de los estudiantes eran no fumadores, el consumo de tabaco era más prevalente en las chicas. Factores sociodemográficos, socioculturales, del entorno y opinión se asociaban con el consumo de tabaco entre los jóvenes.
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Villalbí JR, Suelves JM, García-Continente X, Saltó E, Ariza C, Cabezas C. Respuesta de los autores. Aten Primaria 2012; 44:509-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Martínez-Hernáez Á, Marí-Klose M, Julià A, Escapa S, Marí-Klose P, DiGiacomo S. [Adolescent daily smoking, negative mood-states and the role of family communication]. GACETA SANITARIA 2012; 26:421-8. [PMID: 22265650 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether negative mood states constitute a risk factor for daily smoking during adolescence, and to specify the role of familial factors in the association between the two variables. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a representative sample (second wave, Panel of Families and Childhood) of Catalan adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age. Six logistic regression models were used for girls (n = 1,442) and six for boys (n =1,100) in order to determine whether negative mood states constitute a risk factor for daily cigarette consumption, and to what extent this effect is attributable to familial factors. RESULTS The prevalence of daily smoking at ages 17-18 is 3.8% for girls and 3.6 for boys. Feelings of sadness constitute a risk factor for daily cigarette consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 1.633), and communication with the father cancels out this effect. Parental pressure is a risk factor for daily smoking in both sexes (girls, OR = 2.064; boys, OR = 1.784). When parental communication is controlled for, this effect is reduced but not canceled out. Living in a reconstituted family is a risk factor for daily cigarette consumption among boys (OR = 2.988). CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational communication decreases the risk of daily tobacco use among adolescents independently of their mood state. Anti-smoking interventions designed in accordance with these findings may be more effective.
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