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Montoro-Pérez N, Montejano-Lozoya R, Martín-Baena D, Talavera-Ortega M, Rosario Gómez-Romero M. Psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Spanish schoolchildren. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:241-250. [PMID: 38604935 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. METHOD Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. RESULTS The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Montoro-Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raimunda Montejano-Lozoya
- La Fe School of Nursing, Center attached to the University of Valencia, GREIACC Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain..
| | - David Martín-Baena
- La Fe School of Nursing, Center attached to the University of Valencia, GREIACC Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Talavera-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Experimental and Social Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rosario Gómez-Romero
- La Fe School of Nursing, Center attached to the University of Valencia, GREIACC Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
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Swarnameenaa G, Durairaj J, Madhavan VK, Hariharan N, Arunachaleeswaran P, Venkatraman L, Sankaranarayanan A, Rangaswamy T, Ramachandran P. The Tamil version of Eating Attitudes Test-26: Reliability and factor structure among persons with schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:572-578. [PMID: 37397847 PMCID: PMC10309259 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_793_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) among persons with schizophrenia (PwS) have been reported widely in the literature, with very few studies in India. Robust tools to assess DEB are needed in the vernacular language to capture symptoms of disordered eating accurately. No such tools are available in the Tamil language. Globally, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is widely used to assess DEB among PwS. Aim This study aimed to translate and study the factor structure and reliability of EAT-26 among Tamil-speaking PwS. Materials and Methods EAT-26 was translated into Tamil following the Oxford linguistic validation process. Experts evaluated its face validity and content validity. One hundred and fifty PwS, aged between 18 and 65 years, who attended the outpatient department of a psychiatric facility, and consented to participate, completed the Tamil version of EAT-26. Test-retest reliability of EAT-26 was assessed by readministering the tool to 30 PwS after two weeks. Data were analyzed using Stata 16.1. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were computed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass coefficients, respectively. The factor structure of EAT-26 was explored using principal component analysis (PCA). Spearman's rho was calculated to understand the correlation between the factors. Results EAT-26 had an internal consistency of 0.71 and test-retest reliability of 0.896. Factor analysis revealed nine latent factors consisting of 21 of the original 26 items on EAT-26. These 21 items could explain a variance of 63.63%. Conclusions The Tamil version of the EAT-26 is a reliable tool to assess DEB among Tamil-speaking PwS. It can be used to screen PwS for eating disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Swarnameenaa
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jothilakshmi Durairaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnavi K. Madhavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithyashri Hariharan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lakshmi Venkatraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thara Rangaswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, León-Figueroa DA, Picón-Reátegui CK, García-Vicente A, Valladares-Garrido D, Failoc-Rojas VE, Pereira-Victorio CJ. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Eating Disorders in Military First Line of Defense against COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study during the Second Epidemic Wave in Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2848. [PMID: 36833544 PMCID: PMC9957196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated eating disorders in military personnel engaged in defense activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with eating disorders in military personnel from Lambayeque, Peru. A secondary data analysis was performed among 510 military personnel during the second epidemic wave of COVID-19 in Peru. We used the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to assess eating disorders. We explored associations with insomnia, food insecurity, physical activity, resilience, fear to COVID-19, burnout syndrome, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and selected sociodemographic variables. Eating disorders were experienced by 10.2% of participants. A higher prevalence of eating disorders was associated with having 7 to 12 months (PR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.24-7.11) and 19 months or more (PR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.11-6.17) working in the first line of defense against COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.26-3.85), burnout syndrome (PR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.90-7.33) and post-traumatic stress (PR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.13-7.83). A low prevalence of eating disorders was found in the military personnel. However, prevention of this problem should be focused on at-risk groups that experience mental health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15013, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | | | - Abigaíl García-Vicente
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura 20001, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura 20008, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
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Ayala CO, Scarpatto C, Garizábalo-Davila CM, Valencia PAD, Irigaray TQ, Cañon-Montañez W, Mattiello R. Assessing eating disorder symptoms in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review of psychometric studies of commonly used instruments. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:124. [PMID: 35999579 PMCID: PMC9400307 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various well-validated interview and self-report instruments are available to assess eating disorder symptomatology. However, most psychometric studies have been conducted in high-income countries. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the available psychometric studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries on well-known measures for assessing eating disorder symptoms. METHODS Psychometric studies with the following instruments were included: the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT). Searches were conducted on August 30, 2021, in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CABI. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). The studies were considered to have conducted the minimum psychometric evaluation if they assessed at least the three types of validity (content, criteria, and construct) or diagnostic performance. The psychometric properties were also evaluated considering the cut-off points described in the literature for each of the analysis methods used to evaluate validity and reliability and two reviewers independently selected the studies and evaluated the quality criteria. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included. The studies were conducted in 13 countries (10 middle income and 3 low income). The instruments that were most used in the studies were the EAT and EDE-Q. According to the overall COSMIN assessment, in most (57%) of the studies the psychometric properties assessed were not described. Forty-three percent of the studies conducted the minimum psychometric evaluation. However, according to the described cut-off points, the results for the psychometric properties assessed showed, in general, acceptable validity and reliability. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest a lack of studies with the recommended psychometric properties in low- and middle-income countries on these commonly used instruments. With the steady increase in the prevalence of eating disorders globally, psychometric investigations of instruments for measuring eating disorder symptoms in these countries should be encouraged to promote their early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Scarpatto
- Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Pierre Zila-Velasque J, Grados-Espinoza P, Regalado-Rodríguez KM, Luna-Córdova CJ, Calderón GSS, Diaz-Vargas M, Diaz-Vélez C, Sifuentes-Rosales J. [Prevalence and factors associated with eating disorders in Peruvian Human Medicine students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre study]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022:S0034-7450(22)00085-3. [PMID: 35967544 PMCID: PMC9359929 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (ED) are serious conditions that have diverse consequences, associated with high morbidity and mortality: Among the factors associated with their development are, being female, and stress, which increased during the pandemic, and was higher in medical students. Our objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with ED in medical students. METHODS Cross-sectional study, conducted with an online questionnaire, between January 1 and 31, 2021, in 22 universities, using the Eating Disorder Scale (EAT-26) and the Family Communication Scale (FCS). Generalized logistic regressions were used to identify the association between variables. RESULTS A total of 1224 participants were recruited, and the prevalence was 12.5%. Associated factors included a poor perception of health in 34.3%, having a family and/or social environment member with an eating disorder in 21.7%, and medium or low satisfaction with family communication in 57.3% and 34.9% respectively, in addition to the academic year, dieting, concern for body image and the perception of inadequate eating. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1-2 out of 10 Human Medicine students had an ED. The associated factors that influenced development of the condition included a fair or poor perception of health, the academic year completed, and medium or low satisfaction with family communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Perú
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Perú
| | - Kateriny Margot Regalado-Rodríguez
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Cajamarca (SOCIEMCA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (UNC), Cajamarca, Perú
| | - Cesia J Luna-Córdova
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPAO, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (UPAO), Trujillo, Perú
| | - Gabriela Stefanie Sierra Calderón
- Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Estudiantes de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Mills Diaz-Vargas
- Sociedad Científica de Medicina del Centro (SOCIEMC), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP), Huancayo, Perú
| | - Cristian Diaz-Vélez
- Sociedad Científica de Medicina de Huánuco (SOCIEMHCO), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán (UNHEVAL), Huánuco, Perú
| | - J Sifuentes-Rosales
- Mental@Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Perú
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Picón-Reátegui CK, Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Retrospective Study during the Second COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in Peru. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071199. [PMID: 35885726 PMCID: PMC9315965 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in military personnel are scarce and have reported increased rates of medical consultations and insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a number of factors that increase the prevalence of insomnia, which has established consequences in the military. However, reported data are from different settings. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia during the second COVID-19 epidemic wave in Lambayeque, Peru. A retrospective study in 566 participants was conducted face-to-face in November 2021. The dependent variable was insomnia, measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. The independent variables were socio-labor variables, physical activity, food insecurity, eating behavior disorder, fear of COVID-19, and resilience. The prevalence of insomnia was 23% (95% CI: 19.6–26.7%). In multivariate analysis, insomnia was associated with a personal history of mental health (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01–2.93), food insecurity (PR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.95), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.87–3.54), and high resilience (PR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.86). Overall, the Peruvian military population presents a high prevalence of insomnia during the pandemic period. Special attention should be paid to factors that influence insomnia. Prevention and promotion programs should be established to reverse this negative trend in the military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | | | - J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco 19001, Peru; (J.P.Z.-V.); (P.G.-E.)
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco 19001, Peru; (J.P.Z.-V.); (P.G.-E.)
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
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Mora F, Alvarez-Mon MA, Fernandez-Rojo S, Ortega MA, Felix-Alcantara MP, Morales-Gil I, Rodriguez-Quiroga A, Alvarez-Mon M, Quintero J. Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071481. [PMID: 35406094 PMCID: PMC9002868 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: current findings in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) do not allow the formulation of a unique causal model. Currently, the main hypotheses about the etiopathogenesis are based on a multifactorial approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as self-esteem, in students of the first cycle of middle school and the probability of belonging to the risk group of eating disorders (ED) measured through the EAT-26 scale. Methods: The study target population consists of students of the first cycle of middle school. The instruments applied to the population consisted in: (1) a survey of sociodemographic data and behavioral variables; (2) Rosenberg’s self-esteem test; and (3) EAT Test (Eating Attitudes Test 26). Results: Of a total of 656 students belonging to eight educational centers in Madrid who were offered to participate in the study, 88.6% (n = 579) answered the whole questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 13.7 years old. Of the participating adolescents, 57.3% were male and the remaining 42.7% (n = 260) were female. A significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and belonging to an ED risk group, with an OR = 0.910 (CI 95% 0.878−0.943). Hence, each one-point increase on the self-esteem dimension decreased the risk of belonging to an ED risk group by 9.5%. In the variables considered in the area of dysfunctional feeding patterns, the variables ‘number of meals’ (p < 0.01), ‘dieting’ (p < 0.01), and ‘drug consumption to lose weight’ (p < 0.01) were found to be related to the risk of belonging to the ED group. Conclusions: The results obtained in our research can help to establish explanatory models that include the understanding of the interaction of the different factors that influence the appearance and development of EDs. Therefore, these should be taken into consideration when developing ED preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miriam P. Felix-Alcantara
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | | | - Alberto Rodriguez-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Psikids, 28002 Madrid, Spain;
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Pérez Martín PS, Martínez JA, Valecillos AJ, Gainza García L, Galán Berasaluce M, Checa Díaz P. [Early detection and prevalence of risk of eating disorders in Primary Care in Guadalajara city]. Semergen 2021; 47:230-239. [PMID: 33863649 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To know the percentage of adolescent patients at risk of developing an eating disorder (ED); to identify the prevalence of risk for Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Unspecified Eating Disorders (NERD) according to age, sex, health centers, nationality and family data; determine the percentage of young people with subclinical forms and study the feasibility of using tools for the early detection of this pathology in Primary Care. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study developed in the five health centers of the city of Guadalajara. Sample of 291 adolescents (124 males and 167 females) obtained through stratified, multi-stage and proportional random sampling according to age, sex and health centers. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and family variables were studied and the EAT-26, SCOFF and EDE-Q6.0 tests were applied in the first round and the EDE-12 interview in the second round. RESULTS The global prevalence of risk of eating disorders was 17.5% (95% CI: 13.7%-19.4%). The variables, having siblings, being single-parent and having obesity were statistically significant. Among the various types of EDs, the NERD were statistically significant with respect to Anorexia and Bulimia. The subscale concern for the silhouette was statistically significant with respect to the others. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 91.6% and a specificity of 91.0% and the EDE-Q, 99.3% and 91.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS High percentage of adolescents at risk of developing an eating disorder. The unspecified type of eating disorders and the concern for the silhouette subscale predominate. The SCOFF test proves to be a good screening instrument in Primary Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pérez Martín
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Guzmán el Bueno, Madrid, España.
| | - J A Martínez
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - A J Valecillos
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud El Balconcillo, Guadalajara, España
| | - L Gainza García
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Brihuega, Guadalajara, España
| | - M Galán Berasaluce
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Gu-Sur, Guadalajara, España
| | - P Checa Díaz
- Medicina de Familia, Centro de Salud Alcolea del Pinar, Guadalajara, España
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Eating Disorders in Top Elite Beach Handball Players: Cross Sectional Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030245. [PMID: 33810150 PMCID: PMC8004950 DOI: 10.3390/children8030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The preoccupation with the increasing appearance of eating disorders (ED) in athletes continues to grow, especially in athletes who practice team sports. ED severely affects the eating habits of the athletes, who tend to use unhealthy approaches to control their body weight. The development of nutritional education and early interventions by training staff is essential, and these factors are widely perceived as beneficial in sports medicine. This study evaluates the frequency at which beach handball (BH) players develop ED, also comparing the differences by sex and age (junior: adolescents vs. senior: young adults). In addition, the relation between body composition variables and ED was studied. (2) Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 69 top elite handball players (36 males and 33 females) from the Spanish National BH Team; who were separated by age (junior: adolescents and senior: young adults). The athletes completed the Eating Attitudes Test in its 26 item version (EAT-26). (3) Results: The prevalence of ED indicated that 11% of females had a high possibility of developing an ED, and 3% of males. Regarding the EAT-26 total score and subscales, no significant differences were found between female and male participants, or between the junior and senior categories. The correlations showed an association between body composition, in terms of body mass index, and the EAT-26 total score in both males and females. In the case of males, the correlation was negative. (4) Conclusions: Although there are no significant differences between sex or categories, it has been found that elite athletes are a population that is at high risk of developing ED.
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Suárez DE, Cardozo AC, Villarreal ME, Trujillo EM. Non-Heterosexual Medical Students Are Critically Vulnerable to Mental Health Risks: The Need to Account for Sexual Diversity in Wellness Initiatives. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2021; 33:1-9. [PMID: 32856468 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2020.1805324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Mental health problems among medical students are a worrisome issue; recent studies have shown that one-third may be suffering major depressive disorder and one out of ten had suicidal ideation. Few studies have evaluated the association of medical students' mental health and their sexual orientation. This study aimed to evaluate differences in mental health indicators among medical students with diverse sexual orientations at a South American medical school. Approach: This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data obtained through an electronic survey. The survey assessed demographics, academic variables, and several mental health scales and indexes, including: World Health Organization Well-being Index, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve), Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Athens Insomnia Scale, Eating Attitudes Test, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Sexual orientation was assessed using self-identification and responses dichotomized as heterosexual and non-heterosexual. Findings: 554 students completed the survey (response rate: 70%). Mean age was 20.6 years, and the sample was 58.7% women. Eighty-two participants (14.8%) self-identified as non-heterosexual; this group comprised mostly males, fewer of whom lived with their family, and more of whom used loans or scholarships to pay university tuition fees. After adjustment for sex and tuition fee payment, non-heterosexual orientation was significantly associated (adjusted Odds Ratios [aOR] above 3.00) with rating mental health as bad, self-perceiving a need for mental health evaluation/treatment, and reporting last-year use of psychiatric medication. Lastly, non-heterosexual respondents reported more frequent psychiatric symptoms (depression/anxiety scores, suicidal ideation, eating disorder symptoms and substance use) with an aOR between 2.17 and 2.51. Insights: This study suggests that self-identified non-heterosexual medical students exhibit worse mental health outcomes evaluated through validated self-report scales and subjective perception of mental health status. This report specifically indicates that non-heterosexual medical students report family dysfunction more often and have less social support, which serve as additional risk factors. Future studies must assess social support, clarify the impact of family and peer support in mental health problems, and explore students' views on their sexual identity and the burden imposed by experiences of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
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Singh S, Gadiraju P. Prevalence and correlates of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns in Indian youth: The role of media. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:509-516. [PMID: 33678831 PMCID: PMC7909050 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_737_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to assess how media internalization and pressure are associated with body mass index (BMI), disordered eating, and body image dissatisfaction in Indian adults and whether there exist gender differences within these variables. The study also aimed to examine whether BMI and media internalization and pressure predict body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized self-report measures that were administered to 262 men and women between the ages of 18-25 years (M = 21.64). RESULTS The results indicated that BMI was significantly correlated with internalization athlete, body shape dissatisfaction, and disordered eating, but not internalization general or media pressure. Internalization general, internalization athlete, media pressure as well as body shape dissatisfaction, and disordered eating were found to be positively correlated. Men and women did not significantly differ on any variable, but internalization athlete. Overweight and obese men and women were found to be significantly more dissatisfied than underweight and normal-weight men and women; however, the difference was not significant for overweight and obese males and normal-weight and overweight females. In addition, media influence and BMI significantly predicted body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to a novel understanding of body image concerns and risk for clinical eating disorders in Indian youth and potential implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Singh
- Centre for Health Psychology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Gadiraju
- Centre for Health Psychology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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The risk of eating disorders among children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of a matched cohort study. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2020; 8:102-106. [PMID: 34084881 PMCID: PMC8144858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives There are some studies on the association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the risk of eating disorders (ED). Only few have examined the risk of ED among children and adolescents with ADHD. Previous research which included subjects with ADHD with other comorbidities used inadequate controls and did not focus on the type of ADHD or the role of pharmacological treatment. Methods This matched cohort study was conducted in the Child/Adolescents Psychiatry Unit (CAPU), Bahrain. Using the CAPU diagnostic frameworks, 70 subjects with ADHD were recruited and matched with their corresponding age- and sex- healthy controls at 1:2 ratio (70 cases:140 controls). The participants were children or adolescents aged between 8 and 19 years old. A brief interview was used to collect socio-demographic information and anthropometrics. The risk of ED was estimated using the eating attitude test −26 (EAT-2). Data were analyzed using cohort analysis. Results A total of 31.43% of the subjects with ADHD were screened using EAT-26 and found to be ‘at risk’ for ED, compared to 12.14% of the controls (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.62–6.78). The prevalence of ED among female cases with ADHD was slightly higher than males (33.33% and 30.77%, respectively). Body weight or body mass index was a statistically significant explanatory factor for the risk of ED. Conclusions The present study shows that children and adolescents with ADHD have a three-fold increased risk of ED compared to healthy controls. This research raised the recommendation that children and adolescents with ADHD should be screened for disordered eating patterns.
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El Zein A, Shelnutt KP, Colby S, Vilaro MJ, Zhou W, Greene G, Olfert MD, Riggsbee K, Morrell JS, Mathews AE. Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among U.S. college students: a multi-institutional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:660. [PMID: 31142305 PMCID: PMC6542079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background College students may be vulnerable to food insecurity due to limited financial resources, decreased buying power of federal aid, and rising costs of tuition, housing, and food. This study assessed the prevalence of food insecurity and its sociodemographic, health, academic, and food pantry correlates among first-year college students in the United States. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year students (n = 855) across eight U.S. universities. Food security status was assessed using the U.S. Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module. Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were used to assess perceived stress, sleep quality, and disordered eating behaviors, respectively. Participants self-reported their grade point average (GPA) and completed questions related to meal plan enrollment and utilization of on-campus food pantries. Results Of participating students, 19% were food-insecure, and an additional 25.3% were at risk of food insecurity. Students who identified as a racial minority, lived off-campus, received a Pell grant, reported a parental education of high school or less, and did not participate in a meal plan were more likely to be food-insecure. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and meal plan enrollment indicated that food-insecure students had significantly higher odds of poor sleep quality (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43–3.76), high stress (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 2.66–8.11), disordered eating behaviors (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.20–4.90), and a GPA < 3.0 (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.19–3.07) compared to food-secure students. Finally, while half of the students (56.4%) with an on-campus pantry were aware of its existence, only 22.2% of food-insecure students endorsed utilizing the pantry for food acquisition. Conclusions Food insecurity among first-year college students is highly prevalent and has implications for academic performance and health outcomes. Higher education institutions should screen for food insecurity and implement policy and programmatic initiatives to promote a healthier college experience. Campus food pantries may be useful as short-term relief; however, its limited use by students suggest the need for additional solutions with a rights-based approach to food insecurity. Trial Registration Retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02941497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel El Zein
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110370, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA
| | - Karla P Shelnutt
- Department of Family, Youth & Community Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110310, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA
| | - Sarah Colby
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, 229 Jessie Harris Bldg., Knoxville, RN, 37996, USA
| | - Melissa J Vilaro
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110370, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, 916 Volunteer Blvd, UT SMC 247, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Geoffrey Greene
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 125 Fogarty Hall, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, 1194 Evansdale Drive, G28 Ag. Sc. Bldg., Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kristin Riggsbee
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, 229 Jessie Harris Bldg., Knoxville, RN, 37996, USA
| | - Jesse Stabile Morrell
- Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, 115 Kendall Hall, 129 Main Street, Durham, NH, 03814, USA
| | - Anne E Mathews
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110370, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA.
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González-Salinas S, Cruz-Sánchez R, Ferrer-Juárez L, Reyes-Garduño M, Gil-Trejo M, Sánchez-Moguel S. Short-term changes in the mental health of recently enrolled university students. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_42_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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