1
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Hu J, Zhang L, Li W, He Y, Wu CY. Modelling the controlled drug release of push-pull osmotic pump tablets using DEM. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124316. [PMID: 38857664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The push-pull osmotic pump tablet is a promising drug delivery approach, offering advantages over traditional dosage forms in achieving consistent and predictable drug release rates. In the current study, the drug release process of push-pull osmotic pump tablets is modelled for the first time using the discrete element method (DEM) incorporated with a microscopic diffusion-induced swelling model. The effects of dosage and formulation design, such as delivery orifice size, drug-to-polymer ratio, tablet surface curvature, friction between particles and cohesion of polymer particles, on the drug release performance are systematically analysed. Numerical results reveal that an enlarged delivery orifice significantly increases both the total drug release and the drug release rate. Moreover, the larger the swellable particle component in the tablet, the higher the drug release rate. Furthermore, the tablet surface curvature is found to affect the drug release profile, i.e. the final drug release percentage increases with the increasing tablet surface curvature. It is also found that the drug release rate could be controlled by adjusting the inter-particle friction and the cohesion of polymer particles in the formulation. This DEM study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms governing drug release in push-pull osmotic pump tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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2
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Modelling Deaggregation Due to Normal Carrier–Wall Collision in Dry Powder Inhalers. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Powder deaggregation in Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) with carrier-based formulations is a key process for the effectiveness of drug administration. Carrier-wall collisions are one of the recognised mechanisms responsible for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) aerosolisation, and DPI geometries are designed to maximise their efficacy. The detachment of fine and cohesive API particles is investigated at a fundamental level by simulating with DEM the normal collision of a carrier sphere with an API particle attached. The impact velocity at which detachment occurs (escape velocity) is determined as a function of key parameters, such as cohesiveness, coefficient of restitution, static and rolling friction. An analytical model for the escape velocity is then derived, examining the role of the initial position of the particle, cohesion model and particle size. Finally, the results are framed in the context of DPI inhalers, comparing the results obtained with impact velocities typically recorded in commercial devices.
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3
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Kamphorst R, Wu K, Salameh S, Meesters GMH, van Ommen JR. On the fluidization of cohesive powders: Differences and similarities between micro‐ and nano‐sized particle gas–solid fluidization. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kamphorst
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University Delft The Netherlands
| | - K. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University Delft The Netherlands
| | - S. Salameh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Fachhochschule Münster Germany
| | - G. M. H. Meesters
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University Delft The Netherlands
| | - J. R. van Ommen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University Delft The Netherlands
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4
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Deagglomeration of selected high-load API-carrier particles in swirl-based dry powder inhalers. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Zheng C, Yost E, Muliadi AR, Govender N, Zhang L, Wu CY. Numerical analysis of die filling with a forced feeder using GPU-enhanced discrete element methods. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121861. [PMID: 35643345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding die filling behaviour of powders is critical in developing optimal formulation and processes in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In this paper, forced die filling is analysed using a graphics processing unit (GPU) based discrete element method (DEM), for which a powder feeder equipped with a wired stirrer is considered. The influences of operating parameters, such as the initial powder bed height, the filling speed, and the stirrer speed, on the die filling performance are systematically explored. It is shown that a larger initial powder bed height leads to a higher filling ratio, which can be attributed to a higher filling intensity; while the deposited particle mass in the die is almost independent of the powder bed height, when the initial fill level is larger than a critical bed height. Additionally, the filling ratio slightly increases with the increase of stirrer speed for cases with a stirrer, while the filling ratios are lower than that without a stirrer, which is attributed to the stirrer occupying some space above the die and reducing the effective discharge area. The obtained results can provide useful information for optimising the feeder system design and the operating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Yost
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ariel R Muliadi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicolin Govender
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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6
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Sulaiman M, Liu X, Sundaresan S. Effects of dose loading conditions and device geometry on the transport and aerosolization in dry powder inhalers: A simulation study. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121219. [PMID: 34699949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transport and aerosolization of particles are studied in several different dry powder inhaler geometries via Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations. These simulations combine Large Eddy Simulation of gas with Discrete Element Model simulation of all the carrier particles and a representative subset of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles. The purpose of the study is to probe the dominant mechanism leading to the release of the API particles and to demonstrate the value of the CFD-DEM simulations where one tracks the motion of all the carrier and API particles. Simulations are performed at different inhalation rates and initial dose loading conditions for the screen-haler geometry, a simple cylindrical tube inhaler, and five different geometry modifications that took the form of bumpy walls and baffles. These geometry modifications alter the residence time of the powder sample in the inhaler, pressure drop across the inhaler, the severity of gas-carrier interactions, and the number of collisions experienced by the carrier particles, all of which are quantified. The quality of aerosolization is found to correlate with the average air-carrier slip velocity, while collisions played only a secondary role. Some geometry modifications improved aerosolization quality with very little increase in the pressure drop across the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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7
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Liu X, Sulaiman M, Kolehmainen J, Ozel A, Sundaresan S. Particle-based coarse-grained approach for simulating dry powder inhaler. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120821. [PMID: 34171427 PMCID: PMC10679953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery via dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a complex process affected by multiple factors involving gas and particles. The performance of a carrier-based formulation depends on the release of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles, typically characterized by fine particle fraction (FPF) and dispersion fraction (DF). Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) can capture relevant gas and particle interactions but is computationally expensive, especially when tracking all carrier and API particles. This study assessed the efficacy of two coarse-grained CFD-DEM approaches, the Discrete Parcel Method and the representative particle approach, through highly-resolved CFD-DEM simulations. The representative particle approach simulates all carrier particles and a subset of API particles, whereas the Discrete Parcel Method tracks parcels representing a specified number of carrier or API particles. Both approaches are viable for a small carrier-API size ratio which requires modest degrees of coarse-graining, but the Discrete Parcel Method showed limitations for a large carrier-API size ratio. The representative particle approach can approximate CFD-DEM results with reasonable accuracies when simulations include at least 10 representative API particles per carrier. Using the representative particle approach, we probed powder characteristics that could affect FPF and DF in a model problem and correlated these fractions with the maximum carrier-API cohesive force per unit mass of API particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jari Kolehmainen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ali Ozel
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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8
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Zheng Z, Leung SSY, Gupta R. Flow and Particle Modelling of Dry Powder Inhalers: Methodologies, Recent Development and Emerging Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:189. [PMID: 33535512 PMCID: PMC7912775 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a device used to deliver a drug in dry powder form to the lungs. A wide range of DPI products is currently available, with the choice of DPI device largely depending on the dose, dosing frequency and powder properties of formulations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), together with various particle motion modelling tools, such as discrete particle methods (DPM) and discrete element methods (DEM), have been increasingly used to optimise DPI design by revealing the details of flow patterns, particle trajectories, de-agglomerations and depositions within the device and the delivery paths. This review article focuses on the development of the modelling methodologies of flow and particle behaviours in DPI devices and their applications to device design in several emerging fields. Various modelling methods, including the most recent multi-scale approaches, are covered and the latest simulation studies of different devices are summarised and critically assessed. The potential and effectiveness of the modelling tools in optimising designs of emerging DPI devices are specifically discussed, such as those with the features of high-dose, pediatric patient compatibility and independency of patients' inhalation manoeuvres. Lastly, we summarise the challenges that remain to be addressed in DPI-related fluid and particle modelling and provide our thoughts on future research direction in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Zheng
- Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong;
| | - Raghvendra Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India;
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9
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Zhang X, Cui Y, Liang R, Wang G, Yue X, Zhao Z, Huang Z, Huang Y, Geng J, Pan X, Wu C. Novel approach for real-time monitoring of carrier-based DPIs delivery process via pulmonary route based on modular modified Sympatec HELOS. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1331-1346. [PMID: 32874832 PMCID: PMC7452036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An explicit illustration of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) was a prerequisite for the formulation design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs. However, the current evaluation approaches for DPIs could not provide precise investigation of each PDP separately, or the approaches merely used a simplified and idealized model. In the present study, a novel modular modified Sympatec HELOS (MMSH) was developed to fully investigate the mechanism of each PDP separately in real-time. An inhaler device, artificial throat and pre-separator were separately integrated with a Sympatec HELOS. The dispersion and fluidization, transportation, detachment and deposition processes of pulmonary delivery for model DPIs were explored under different flow rates. Moreover, time-sliced measurements were used to monitor the PDPs in real-time. The Next Generation Impactor (NGI) was applied to determine the aerosolization performance of the model DPIs. The release profiles of the drug particles, drug aggregations and carriers were obtained by MMSH in real-time. Each PDP of the DPIs was analyzed in detail. Moreover, a positive correlation was established between the total release amount of drug particles and the fine particle fraction (FPF) values (R 2 = 0.9898). The innovative MMSH was successfully developed and was capable of illustrating the PDPs and the mechanism of carrier-based DPIs, providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs.
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Key Words
- ACI, Anderson Cascade Impactor
- APIs, active pharmaceutical ingredients
- Air flow rate
- CFD-DEM, computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method
- CIA, cascade impactor analysis
- Carrier
- Copt, optical concentration
- DPIs, dry powder inhalations
- Dry powder inhalation
- ED, emitted dose
- EDXS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FC, centrifugal force
- FD, drag force
- FF, friction force
- FG, gravity
- FI, interaction force
- FPD, fine particle dose
- FPF, fine particle fraction
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HPMC, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
- LAC, lactose carrier
- MFV, minimum fluidization velocity
- MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter
- MMSH, modular modified Sympatec HELOs
- MOC, micro orifice collector
- MSS, micronized salbutamol sulfate
- Mechanism of drug delivery
- Modular modification
- NGI, Next Generation Impactor
- O, oxygen
- PDP, pulmonary delivery process
- Pulmonary delivery process
- R, release amount
- RAUC, total release amount
- Real-time monitoring
- Rmax, maximum of release amount
- S, stopping distance
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- Tmax, the time to Rmax
- Tt, terminal time
- U0, air flow rate
- V0, velocity
- a, acceleration
- dQ3, the volume percentage of particles within certain range
- dae, aerodynamic diameter
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10
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Sarangi S, Thalberg K, Frenning G. Numerical modeling of collision of adhesive units: Stability and mechanical properties during handling. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2019.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Bass K, Farkas D, Longest W. Optimizing Aerosolization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in a Pediatric Air-Jet Dry Powder Inhaler. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:329. [PMID: 31676991 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the performance of a high-efficiency pediatric inhaler, referred to as the pediatric air-jet DPI, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with supporting experimental analysis of aerosol formation. The pediatric air-jet DPI forms an internal flow pathway consisting of an inlet jet of high-speed air, capsule chamber containing a powder formulation, and outlet orifice. Instead of simulating full breakup of the powder bed to an aerosol in this complex flow system, which is computationally expensive, flow-field-based dispersion parameters were sought that correlated with experimentally determined aerosolization metrics. For the pediatric air-jet DPI configuration that was considered, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) directly correlated with input turbulent kinetic energy normalized by actuation pressure and flow kinetic energy. Emitted dose (ED) correlated best with input flow rate multiplied by the ratio of capillary diameters. Based on these dispersion parameters, an automated CFD process was used over multiple iterations of over 100 designs to identify optimal inlet and outlet capillary diameters, which affected system performance in complex and unexpected ways. Experimental verification of the optimized designs indicated an MMAD < 1.6 μm and an ED > 90% of loaded dose. While extrathoracic depositional loss will be determined in future studies, at an operating flow rate of 15 L/min, it is expected that pediatric mouth-throat or even nose-throat aerosol deposition fractions will be below 10% and potentially less than 5% representing a significant improvement in the delivery efficiency of dry powder pharmaceutical aerosols to children.
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12
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Tamadondar MR, Rasmuson A. The effect of carrier surface roughness on wall collision‐induced detachment of micronized pharmaceutical particles. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Tamadondar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmuson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
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13
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Benque B, Khinast JG. Understanding the motion of hard-shell capsules in dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118481. [PMID: 31260784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of small drug particles from a dry powder inhaler (DPI) into the patient's peripheral airways requires the dispersion of the powder. In DPIs that contain a rotating pierced capsule, the capsule's motion is paramount to powder dispersion. Previous studies have simplified the capsule motion in an Aerolizer® inhaler as a constant rotation around a fixed center. The present work examines deviations from this simplified motion and describes the capsule collisions with the surrounding inhaler walls. High-speed photography was employed to analyze the motion of a size 3 capsule in an Aerolizer® inhaler at various flow rates ranging from 30 to 100 L/min. Frequent collisions of the capsule with the surrounding inhaler walls were observed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations indicated that the air flow through the capsule governs the behavior of small drug particles, while inertial forces are the dominant influence on large carrier particles in the capsule. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations were employed to study the effect of the capsule-inhaler collisions on the powder discharge from a rotating capsule. The collisions vastly improved the discharge of a polydisperse model carrier powder from the capsule over a wide range of cohesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Benque
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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14
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Yang J, Bello L, Buettner K, Guo Y, Wassgren C, Curtis JS. Breakage of wet flexible fiber agglomerates impacting a plane. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis California
| | - Liliana Bello
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Kevin Buettner
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Carl Wassgren
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Jennifer S. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis California
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15
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Potential and constraints for the application of CFD combined with Lagrangian particle tracking to dry powder inhalers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:299-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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The influence of particle interfacial energies and mixing energy on the mixture quality of the dry-coating process. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Dosing challenges in respiratory therapies. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:659-671. [PMID: 30033395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary route of administration has been commonly used for local lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, with the advent of new technologies available for both formulation and device design, molecules usually delivered at high doses, such as antibiotics and insulin to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) and diabetes, respectively, can now be delivered by inhalation as a dry powder. These molecules are generally delivered in milligrams instead of traditional microgram quantities. High dose delivery is most commonly achieved via dry powder inhalers (DPIs), breath activated devices designed with a formulated powder containing micronized drug with aerodynamic diameters between 1 and 5 µm. The powder formulation may also contain other excipients and/or carrier particles to improve the flowability and aerosol dispersion of the powder. A drawback with high doses is that the formulation contains a great number of fine particles, leading to a greater degree of cohesive forces, producing strongly bound agglomerates. With greater cohesive forces holding fine particles together, higher dispersion forces are needed for efficient de-agglomeration and aerosolisation. This requirement of greater dispersion forces has led to different dry powder formulations and vastly different inhaler designs. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the different formulation types, various DPI devices currently available, and how these affect the aerosolisation process and delivery of high dosed inhalable dry powder formulations to the lungs.
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18
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Tamadondar MR, Rasmuson A, Thalberg K, Niklasson Björn I. Numerical modeling of adhesive particle mixing. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Tamadondar
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmuson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kyrre Thalberg
- Astra Zeneca Pharmaceutical Development R&D Mölndal; Mölndal SE-431 83 Sweden
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19
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Peng T, Lin S, Niu B, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li G, Pan X, Wu C. Influence of physical properties of carrier on the performance of dry powder inhalers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:308-18. [PMID: 27471671 PMCID: PMC4951591 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer distinct advantages as a means of pulmonary drug delivery and have attracted much attention in the field of pharmaceutical science. DPIs commonly contain micronized drug particles which, because of their cohesiveness and strong propensity to aggregate, have poor aerosolization performance. Thus carriers with a larger particle size are added to address this problem. However, the performance of DPIs is profoundly influenced by the physical properties of the carrier, particularly their particle size, morphology/shape and surface roughness. Because these factors are interdependent, it is difficult to completely understand how they individually influence DPI performance. The purpose of this review is to summarize and illuminate how these factors affect drug–carrier interaction and influence the performance of DPIs.
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- CLF, coarse lactose fines
- Carrier
- DPI, dry powder inhaler
- Dry powder inhaler
- ED, emission dose
- ER, elongation ratio
- FLF, fine lactose fines
- FPF, fine particle fraction
- FR, flatness ratio
- Fshape, shape factor
- Fsurface, surface factor
- MFV, minimum fluidization velocity
- Morphology
- PDD, pulmonary drug delivery
- Particle size
- Performance
- RO, roundness
- Surface roughness
- dae, aerodynamic diameter
- pMDI, pressurized metered-dose inhaler
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangzhou Neworld Pharm. Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Tel.: +86 20 39943427/+86 20 39943117; fax: +86 20 39943115.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Tel.: +86 20 39943427/+86 20 39943117; fax: +86 20 39943115.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
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Yang J, Wu CY, Adams M. DEM analysis of the effect of particle-wall impact on the dispersion performance in carrier-based dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2015; 487:32-8. [PMID: 25845718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact between particles or agglomerates and a device wall is considered as an important mechanism controlling the dispersion of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). In order to characterise the influencing factors and better understand the impact induced dispersion process for carrier-based DPIs, the impact behaviour between an agglomerate and a wall is systematically investigated using the discrete element method. In this study, a carrier-based agglomerate is initially formed and then allowed to impact with a target wall. The effects of impact velocity, impact angle and work of adhesion on the dispersion performance are analysed. It is shown that API particles in the near-wall regions are more likely to be dispersed due to the deceleration of the carrier particle resulted from the impact with the wall. It is also revealed that the dispersion ratio increases with increasing impact velocity and impact angle, indicating that the normal component of the impact velocity plays a dominant role on the dispersion. Furthermore, the impact induced dispersion performance for carrier-based DPI formulations can be well approximated using a cumulative Weibull distribution function that is governed by the ratio of overall impact energy and adhesion energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Michael Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Multi-Scale Modelling of Powder Dispersion in a Carrier-Based Inhalation System. Pharm Res 2014; 32:2086-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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