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Zhang J, Khanal D, Chan HK, Banaszak Holl MM. Nanoscale colocalized thermal and chemical mapping of pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124116. [PMID: 38615803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations is widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Spatially resolved thermal characterization offers promise for better understanding drug release rates from particles; however, this has been an analytical challenge due to the small particle size (from a few micrometers down to nanometers) and the complex composition of the formulations. Here, we employ nano-thermal analysis (nanoTA) to probe the nanothermal domain of a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation containing a mixture of fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX), and excipient lactose, which is widely used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and AFM force measurements are performed to provide nanochemical and nanomechanical information to complement the nanothermal data. The colocalized thermal and chemical mapping clearly reveals the surface heterogeneity of the drugs in the aerosol particles and demonstrates the contribution of the surface chemical composition to the variation in the thermal properties of the particles. We present a powerful analytical approach for in-depth characterization of thermal/chemical/morphological properties of dry powder inhaler particles at micro- and nanometer scales. This approach can be used to facilitate the comparison between generics and reference inhalation products and further the development of high-performance pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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2
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Shao Z, Tam KKG, Achalla VPK, Woon ECY, Mason AJ, Chow SF, Yam WC, Lam JKW. Synergistic combination of antimicrobial peptide and isoniazid as inhalable dry powder formulation against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123960. [PMID: 38447778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has posed a serious threat to global public health, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged to be promising candidates to tackle this deadly infectious disease. Previous study has suggested that two AMPs, namely D-LAK120-A and D-LAK120-HP13, can potentiate the effect of isoniazid (INH) against mycobacteria. In this study, the strategy of combining INH and D-LAK peptide as a dry powder formulation for inhalation was explored. The antibacterial effect of INH and D-LAK combination was first evaluated on three MDR clinical isolates of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) were determined. The combination was synergistic against Mtb with FICIs ranged from 0.25 to 0.38. The INH and D-LAK peptide at 2:1 mole ratio (equivalent to 1: 10 mass ratio) was identified to be optimal. This ratio was adopted for the preparation of dry powder formulation for pulmonary delivery, with mannitol used as bulking excipient. Spherical particles with mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of around 5 µm were produced by spray drying. The aerosol performance of the spray dried powder was moderate, as evaluated by the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), with emitted fraction and fine particle fraction of above 70 % and 45 %, respectively. The circular dichroism spectra revealed that both D-LAK peptides retained their secondary structure after spray drying, and the antibacterial effect of the combination against the MDR Mtb clinical isolates was successfully preserved. The combination was found to be effective against MDR Mtb isolates with KatG or InhA mutations. Overall, the synergistic combination of INH with D-LAK peptide formulated as inhaled dry powder offers a new therapeutic approach against MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kingsley King-Gee Tam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - V P K Achalla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther C Y Woon
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wing Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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3
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Farkas Á, Horváth A, Réti I, Ilyés N, Havadtői B, Kovács T, Sánta B, Tomisa G, Czaun P, Gálffy G. Comparative study of the inhalation parameters of COPD patients through NEXThaler® and Ellipta® dry powder inhalers. Respir Med 2024; 224:107576. [PMID: 38403127 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The deposition of dry powder aerosol drugs depends on the inhalation parameters of the patients through the inhaler. These data are not directly measured in clinical practice. Their prediction based on the routinely measured spirometric data could help in choosing the appropriate device and optimizing the therapy. The aim of this study was to perform inhalation experiments to find correlations between inhalation parameters of COPD patients through two DPI devices and their native spirometric data, gender, age and disease severity. Another goal was to establish relationships between peak inspiratory flows through NEXThaler® and Ellipta® inhalers and their statistical determinants. Breathing parameters of 113 COPD patients were measured by normal spirometry and while inhaling through the two DPIs. Statistical analysis of the measured data was performed. The average values of peak inspiratory flow through the devices (PIFdev) were 68.4 L/min and 78.0 L/min for NEXThaler® and Ellipta®, respectively. PIFdev values were significantly higher for males than for females, but differences upon age, BMI and disease severity group were not significant. PIFdev values correlated best with their native spirometric counterparts (PIF) and linear relationships between them were revealed. Current results may be used in the future to predict the success of inhalation of COPD patients through DPI devices, which may help in the inhaler choice. By choosing the appropriate device-drug pair for each patient the lung dose can be increased and the efficiency of the therapy improved. Further results of the clinical study will be the subject of a next publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Farkas
- HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, 1121, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Alpár Horváth
- Chiesi Hungary Ltd., Dunavirág u. 2, 1138, Budapest, Hungary; Pulmonology Institute of Törökbálint, Munkácsy M. u.70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Izolda Réti
- Pulmonology Institute of Törökbálint, Munkácsy M. u.70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Norbert Ilyés
- Pulmonology Institute of Törökbálint, Munkácsy M. u.70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Botond Havadtői
- Pulmonology Institute of Törökbálint, Munkácsy M. u.70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Pulmonology Clinic, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sánta
- Chiesi Hungary Ltd., Dunavirág u. 2, 1138, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tomisa
- Chiesi Hungary Ltd., Dunavirág u. 2, 1138, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Czaun
- Bremotech Ltd., Ezred u. 7, 1044, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gálffy
- Pulmonology Institute of Törökbálint, Munkácsy M. u.70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
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Dallal Bashi YH, Ali A, Al Ayoub Y, Assi KH, Mairs R, McCarthy HO, Tunney MM, Kett VL. Inhaled dry powder liposomal azithromycin for treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract infection. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123841. [PMID: 38266939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A dry powder inhaled liposomal azithromycin formulation was developed for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Key properties including liposome size, charge and encapsulation efficiency powder size, shape, glass transition temperature (Tg), water content and in vitro respiratory deposition were determined. Antimicrobial activity against cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory pathogens was determined by MIC, MBC and biofilm assays. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were performed using A549 cells. The average liposome size was 105 nm, charge was 55 mV and encapsulation efficiency was 75 %. The mean powder particle size d[v,50] of 4.54 µm and Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was 5.23 µm with a mean Tg of 76˚C and water content of 2.1 %. These excellent physicochemical characteristics were maintained over one year. Liposomal loaded azithromycin demonstrated enhanced activity against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates grown in biofilm. The formulation was rapidly delivered into bacterial cells with > 75 % uptake in 1 h. Rapid uptake into A549 cells via a cholesterol-dependent endocytosis pathway with no cytotoxic effects apparent. These data demonstrate that this formulation could offer benefits over current treatment regimens for people with chronic respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahlam Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yuosef Al Ayoub
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Khaled H Assi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Rachel Mairs
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Michael M Tunney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vicky L Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Wachtel H, Emerson-Stadler R, Langguth P, Hohlfeld JM, Ohar J. Aerosol Plumes of Inhalers Used in COPD. Pulm Ther 2024; 10:109-122. [PMID: 38194194 PMCID: PMC10881950 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of inhaler device is of critical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the interaction between a patient's inhalation profile and the aerosol characteristics of an inhaler can affect drug delivery and lung deposition. This study assessed the in vitro aerosol characteristics of inhaler devices approved for the treatment of COPD, including a soft mist inhaler (SMI), pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). METHODS High-speed video recording was used to visualize and measure aerosol velocity and spray duration for nine different inhalers (one SMI, three pMDIs, and five DPIs), each containing dual or triple fixed-dose combinations of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists and long-acting β2-agonists, with or without an inhaled corticosteroid. Measurements were taken in triplicate at experimental flow rates of 30, 60, and 90 l/min. Optimal flow rates were defined based on pharmacopoeial testing requirements: 30 l/min for pMDIs and SMIs, and the rate achieving a 4-kPa pressure drop against internal inhaler resistance for DPIs. Comparison of aerosol plumes was based on the experimental flow rates closest to the optimal flow rates. RESULTS The Respimat SMI had the slowest plume velocity (0.99 m/s) and longest spray duration (1447 ms) compared with pMDIs (velocity: 3.65-5.09 m/s; duration: 227-270 ms) and DPIs (velocity: 1.43-4.60 m/s; duration: 60-757 ms). With increasing flow rates, SMI aerosol duration was unaffected, but velocity increased (maximum 2.63 m/s), pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected, and DPI aerosol velocity tended to increase, with a more variable impact on duration. CONCLUSIONS Aerosol characteristics (velocity and duration of aerosol plume) vary by inhaler type. Plume velocity was lower and spray duration longer for the SMI compared with pMDIs and DPIs. Increasing experimental flow rate was associated with faster plume velocity for DPIs and the SMI, with no or variable impact on plume duration, whereas pMDI aerosol velocity and duration were unaffected by increasing flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Wachtel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Rachel Emerson-Stadler
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBW), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jill Ohar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Kainu A, Vartiainen VA, Mazur W, Hisinger-Mölkänen H, Lavorini F, Janson C, Andersson M. Successful Use of Easyhaler ® Dry Powder Inhaler in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Analysis of Peak Inspiratory Flow from Three Clinical Trials. Pulm Ther 2024; 10:133-142. [PMID: 38170393 PMCID: PMC10881915 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing pressure to use environmentally friendly dry powder inhalers (DPI) instead of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI). However, correct inhalation technique is needed for effective inhaler therapy, and there is persistent concern whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can generate sufficient inspiratory effort to use DPIs successfully. The aims of this study were to find clinical predictors for peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF) and to assess whether patients with COPD had difficulties in generating sufficient PIF with a high resistance DPI. METHODS Pooled data of 246 patients with COPD from previous clinical trials was analyzed to find possible predictors of PIF via the DPI Easyhaler (PIFEH) and to assess the proportion of patients able to achieve an inhalation flow rate of 30 l/min, which is needed to use the Easyhaler successfully. RESULTS The mean PIF was 56.9 l/min and 99% (243/246) of the study patients achieved a PIF ≥ 30 l/min. A low PIF was associated with female gender and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), but the association was weak and a statistical model including both only accounted for 18% of the variation seen in PIFEH. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, impaired expiratory lung function or patient characteristics do not predict patients' ability to use DPIs in COPD; 99% of the patients generated sufficient PIFEH for successful dose delivery. Considering the targets for sustainability in health care, this should be addressed as DPIs are a potential option for most patients when choosing the right inhaler for the patient. TRIAL REGISTRATION Two of three included trials were registered under numbers NCT04147572 and NCT01424137. Third trial preceded registration platforms and therefore, was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kainu
- Medzilla Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- Metropolia Proof Health, Metropolia University for Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville A Vartiainen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Witold Mazur
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Federico Lavorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Thalberg K, Matilainen L, Heinonen E, Eriksson P, Husman-Piirainen J, Autio M, Lyberg AM, Göransson S, Kirjavainen M, Lähelmä S. Mixing energy as an adjustment tool for aerodynamic behaviour of an inhaled product: In-vitro and in-vivo effects. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123755. [PMID: 38163524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a fixed dose dry powder combination of indacaterol maleate (Inda) and glycopyrronium bromide (Glyco) in Easyhaler® inhaler for a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) study, as well as the outcome of such a study. The development aim was to produce formulations with three different in vitro dispersibility profiles for both Inda and Glyco. This so-called 'rake' approach allows for quantitation of the candidate formulations relative to the reference product Ultibro® Breezhaler® in terms of the key PK parameters. Three formulations (A, B and C) were produced based on the mixing energy concept. For both APIs, formulation A (lowest mixing energy) displayed the highest fine particle fractions and formulation C (highest mixing energy) the lowest. GMP manufacturing confirmed the performance of the three formulations. The candidate formulations were tested against the reference product in a single dose PK study in healthy volunteers. Clear differences in Inda plasma concentration profiles were observed between the treatments when administered concomitantly with charcoal, with Easyhaler A showing the highest Cmax value and Easyhaler C the lowest. Easyhaler B was bioequivalent to Ultibro Breezhaler with regard to the primary PK parameters of Inda, Cmax and AUC72h. For Glyco, Easyhaler formulations A, B and C provided lower peak concentrations than Ultibro Breezhaler. For AUC72h of Glyco, Easyhaler B was bioequivalent to the reference product. Additional measures for adjustment of formulation performance can be foreseen, whose effects can be predicted based on mixing energy theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrre Thalberg
- Dept of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Emmace Consulting AB, Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Chaugule V, Dos Reis LG, Fletcher DF, Young PM, Traini D, Soria J. A counter-swirl design concept for dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123694. [PMID: 38081562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A swirling airflow is incorporated in several dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for effective powder de-agglomeration. This commonly requires the use of a flow-straightening grid in the DPI to reduce drug deposition loss caused by large lateral spreading of the emerging aerosol. Here, we propose a novel grid-free DPI design concept that improves the aerosol flow characteristics and reduces the aforementioned drug loss. The basis of this design is the implementation of a secondary airflow that swirls in the opposite direction (counter-swirl) to that of a primary swirling airflow. In-vitro deposition, computational fluid dynamics simulations and particle image velocimetry measurements are used to evaluate the counter-swirl DPI aerosol performance and flow characteristics. In comparison with a baseline-DPI that has only a primary swirling airflow, the counter-swirl DPI has 20% less deposition of the emitted drug dose in the induction port and pre-separator of a next generation impactor (NGI). This occurs as a result of the lower flow-swirl generated from the counter-swirl DPI which eliminates the axial reverse flow outside of the mouthpiece and substantially reduces lateral spreading in the exiting aerosol. Modifications to the counter-swirl DPI design were made to prevent drug loss from the secondary airflow tangential inlets, which involved the addition of wall perforations in the tangential inlets and the separation of the primary and secondary swirling airflows by an annular channel. These modified DPI devices were successful in that aspect but had higher flow-swirl than that in the counter-swirl DPI and thus had higher drug mass retained in the device and deposited in the induction port and pre-separator of the NGI. The fine particle fraction in the aerosols generated from all the counter-swirl-based DPIs and the baseline-DPI are found to be statistically similar to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaugule
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David F Fletcher
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Julio Soria
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Ping L, Zhong Z, Zhang X, Zhuang X, Wang G, Guo Q, Zhan S, Qiu Z, Zhao Z, Li Q, Luo D. Supercritical antisolvent-fluidized bed for the preparation of dry powder inhaler for pulmonary delivery of nanomedicine. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123580. [PMID: 37944677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The supercritical antisolvent-fluidized bed coating process (SAS-FB) shows great potential as a technique to manufacture dry powder inhaler (DPI) that incorporate nanodrugs onto micronized matrix particles, capitalizing on the merits of both nanoparticle and pulmonary delivery. In this study, naringin (NAR), a pharmacologically active flavonoid with low solubility and in vivo degradation issues, was utilized as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient to construct nanomedicine-based DPI through SAS-FB. It is showed that processed NAR exhibited a near-spherical shape and an amorphous structure with an average size of around 130 nm. Notably, SAS-FB products prepared with different fluidized matrices resulted in varying deposition patterns, particularly when mixed with a coarse lactose to enhance the fine particle fraction (FPF) of the formulations. The FPF was positively associated with specific surface area of the SAS-FB products, while the specific surface area was directly related to surface roughness and particle size. In vitro dissolution studies using simulated lung fluid revealed that the NAR nanoparticles coated on the products were released immediately upon contact with solution, with a cumulative dissolution exceeding 90% within the first minute. Importantly, compared to oral raw NAR, the optimized DPI formulation demonstrated superior in vivo plasmatic and pulmonary AUC0→∞ by 51.33-fold and 104.07-fold respectively in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Overall, SAS- FB technology provides a practical approach to produce nanomedicine DPI product that combine the benefits of nanoparticles with the aerodynamics properties of inhaled microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Ping
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zicheng Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiubing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiupin Guo
- Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research Center of Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dandong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang W, Wang G, Huang Z, Zhou L, Lin L, Ou Y, Huang W, Zhang X, Wu C, Tao L, Wang Q. Dual peptides-modified cationic liposomes for enhanced Lung cancer gene therapy by a gap junction regulating strategy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:473. [PMID: 38066528 PMCID: PMC10709977 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy for lung cancer has emerged as a novel tumor-combating strategy for its superior tumor specificity, low systematical toxicity and huge clinical translation potential. Especially, the applications of microRNA shed led on effective tumor ablation by directly interfering with the crucial gene expression, making it one of the most promising gene therapy agents. However, for lung cancer therapy, the microRNA treatment confronted three bottlenecks, the poor tumor tissue penetration effect, the insufficient lung drug accumulation and unsatisfied gene transfection efficiency. To address these issues, an inhalable RGD-TAT dual peptides-modified cationic liposomes loaded with microRNA miR-34a and gap junction (GJ) regulation agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was proposed, which was further engineered into dry powder inhalers (DPIs). RESULTS Equipped with a rough particle surface and appropriate aerodynamic size, the proposed RGD-TAT-CLPs/ARTA@miR-34a DPIs were expected to deposit into the deep lung and reach lung tumor lesions guided by targeting peptide RGD. Assisted by cellular transmembrane peptides TAT, the RGD-TAT-CLPs/ARTA@miR-34a was proven to be effectively internalized by cancer cells, enhancing gene transfection efficiency. Then, the GJ between tumor cells was upregulated by ARTA, facilitating the intercellular transport of miR-34a and boosting the gene expression in the deep tumor. CONCLUSION Overall, the proposed RGD-TAT-CLPs/ARTA@miR-34a DPIs could enhance tumor tissue penetration, elevate lung drug accumulation and boost gene transfection efficiency, breaking the three bottlenecks to enhancing tumor elimination in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the proposed RGD-TAT-CLPs/ARTA@miR-34a DPIs could serve as a promising pulmonary gene delivery platform for multiple lung local disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yueling Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wanzhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, PR China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
- Nanchang Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330096, PR China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
- Nanchang Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330096, PR China.
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Glieca S, Cavazzini D, Levati E, Garrapa V, Bolchi A, Franceschi V, Odau S, Ottonello S, Donofrio G, Füner J, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Montanini B, Buttini F. A dry powder formulation for peripheral lung delivery and absorption of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 decoy polypeptide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106609. [PMID: 37838239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the strategies proposed for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 has been to synthetize small proteins able to act as a decoy towards the virus spike protein, preventing it from entering the host cells. In this work, the incorporation of one of these proteins, LCB1, within a spray-dried formulation for inhalation was investigated. A design of experiments approach was applied to investigate the optimal condition for the manufacturing of an inhalable powder. The lead formulation, containing 6% w/w of LCB1 as well as trehalose and L-leucine as excipients, preserved the physical stability of the protein and its ability to neutralize the virus. In addition, the powder had a fine particle fraction of 58.6% and a very high extra-fine particle fraction (31.3%) which could allow a peripheral deposition in the lung. The in vivo administration of the LCB1 inhalation powder showed no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic from the liquid formulation, indicating the rapid dissolution of the microparticles and the protein capability to translocate into the plasma. Moreover, LCB1 in plasma samples still maintained the ability to neutralize the virus. In conclusion, the optimized spray drying conditions allowed to obtain an inhalation powder able to preserve the protein biological activity, rendering it suitable for a systemic prevention of the viral infection via pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Glieca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Levati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Bolchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Simone Odau
- Preclinics GmbH, Wetzlarer Str. 20, Potsdam 14482, Germany
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Jonas Füner
- Preclinics GmbH, Wetzlarer Str. 20, Potsdam 14482, Germany
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Barbara Montanini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
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12
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Inget M, Hisinger-Mölkänen H, Howard M, Lähelmä S, Paronen N. Cradle-to-Grave Emission Reduction for Easyhaler Dry Powder Inhaler Product Portfolio. Pulm Ther 2023; 9:527-533. [PMID: 37749379 PMCID: PMC10721773 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing pressure to prefer propellant-free inhaler devices over pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI) due to environmental considerations. In this work, we present results from three life cycle assessments (LCAs) on Easyhaler dry powder inhaler product portfolio and assess the changes in environmental impact and carbon footprint (CF) of the products over time. METHODS Three cradle-to-grave LCAs were conducted in 2019, 2021, and 2023. The 2019 assessment covered four products while 2021 and 2023 assessments included all six products in the portfolio. LCA for the protective cover sometimes used with Easyhaler was conducted in 2023. In addition to CF, nine other environmental impact categories were assessed to ensure that no burden shifting occurs. RESULTS During the study period, the non-weighted average CF of the Easyhaler decreased by 11.2%. For individual products, the decrease varied from 5.0 to 6.8% between the assessments. In the latest assessment, the average CF of Easyhaler was 547 gCO2e with a range of 452-617 gCO2e. The LCA of the protective cover was assessed for the first time in 2023 and had a CF of 66 gCO2e. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the climate impact of pharmaceutical products can be reduced without making changes to the product itself. The CF of Easyhaler products is in agreement with the lower end of the CF range previously reported for dry powder inhalers. Climate impact from the protective cover was one-tenth compared to the climate impact from the product itself.
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13
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Salem YY, Hoti G, Sammour RMF, Caldera F, Cecone C, Matencio A, Shahiwala AF, Trotta F. Preparation and evaluation of βcyclodextrin-based nanosponges loaded with Budesonide for pulmonary delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123529. [PMID: 37858636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Budesonide (BUD) is a glucocorticosteroid used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite this, it is a hydrophobic compound with low bioavailability. To address these hurdles, non-toxic and biocompatible βcyclodextrin-based nanosponges (βCD-NS) were attempted. BUD was loaded on five different βCD-NS at four different ratios. NS with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a crosslinking agent, presented a higher encapsulation efficiency ( ̴ 80%) of BUD at 1:3 BUD: βCD-NS ratio (BUD-βCD-NS). The optimized formulations were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water absorption capacity (WAC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction studies (XRD), particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro and in vivo release studies, acute toxicity study, solid-state characterization, and aerosol performance. In vitro-in vivo correlation and cytotoxicity of the formulations on alveolar cells in vitro were further determined. In vitro and in vivo studies showed almost complete drug release and drug absorption from the lungs in the initial 2 h for pure BUD, which were sustained up to 12 h from BUD loaded into nanosponges (BUD-βCD-NS). Acute toxicity studies and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on alveolar cells proved the safety of BUD-βCD-NS. Several parameters, including particle size, median mass aerodynamic diameter, % fine particle fraction, and % emitted dose, were evaluated for aerosol performance, suggesting the capability of BUD-βCD-NS to formulate as a dry powder inhaler (DPI) with a suitable diluent. To sum up, this research will offer new insights into the future advancement of βCD-NS as drug delivery systems for providing controlled release of therapeutic agents against pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmein Yaser Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Al Muhaisanah 1, Al Mizhar, 19099 Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gjylije Hoti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy(1).
| | - Rana M F Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Al Muhaisanah 1, Al Mizhar, 19099 Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Adrián Matencio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Aliasgar F Shahiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Al Muhaisanah 1, Al Mizhar, 19099 Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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14
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Chan HW, Lee HW, Chow S, Lam DCL, Chow SF. Integrated continuous manufacturing of inhalable remdesivir nanoagglomerate dry powders: Design, optimization and therapeutic potential for respiratory viral infections. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123303. [PMID: 37579825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
While inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powders have demonstrated promising potential as next-generation respiratory medicines, erratic particle redispersibility and poor manufacturing reproducibility remain major hurdles hindering their translation from bench to bedside. We developed a one-step continuous process for fabricating inhalable remdesivir (RDV) nanoagglomerate dry powder formulations by integrating flash nanoprecipitation and spray drying. The nanosuspension formulation was optimized using a three-factor Box-Behnken design with a z-average particle size of 233.3 ± 2.3 nm and < 20% size change within six hours. The optimized inhalable nanoagglomerate dry powder formulation produced by spray drying showed adequate aqueous redispersibility (Sf/Si = 1.20 ± 0.01) and in vitro aerosol performance (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.80 ± 0.58 µm and fine particle fraction of 39.85 ± 10.16%). In A549 cells, RDV nanoparticles redispersed from the inhalable nanoagglomerate powders displayed enhanced and accelerated RDV cell uptake and negligible cytotoxicity at therapeutic RDV concentrations. No statistically significant differences were observed in the critical quality attributes of the inhalable nanoagglomerate powders produced from the continuous manufacturing and standalone batch modes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale continuous manufacturing of inhalable nanoagglomerate dry powder formulations, which pave the way for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hok Wai Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Chi Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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15
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Dobson DP, Saggu M, Pellett JD, Tso J. A Novel Technique to Assess Drug Substance Particle Size in a Complex Inhaled Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2385-2388. [PMID: 37422282 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers, comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and carrier excipients, are often used in the delivery of pulmonary drugs. The stability of the API particle size within a formulation blend is a critical attribute for aerodynamic performance but can be challenging to measure. The presence of excipients, typically at concentrations much higher than API, makes measurement by laser diffraction very difficult. This work introduces a novel laser diffraction approach that takes advantage of solubility differences between the API and excipients. The method allows insight into the understanding of drug loading effects on API particle stability of the drug product. Lower drug load formulations show better particle size stability compared with high drug load formulations, likely due to reduced cohesive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dobson
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Miguel Saggu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | | | - Jerry Tso
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States; Ideaya Biosciences, 7000 Shoreline Ct #350, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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16
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Arawomo AO, Erhabor GE, Tanimowo MO, Awopeju OF, Adewole OO, Adeniyi BO, Afolabi BA, Ekundayo MW. Determinants of Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rates among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Southwest, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:553-561. [PMID: 37247343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalational therapy is the cornerstone in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Patients' peak inspiratory flow impacts effective dry powder inhaler (DPI) delivery and management outcome. OBJECTIVE This study assessed peak inspiratory flow rates (PIFR) and determined the factors associated with suboptimal inspiratory flow rates among COPD patients. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 participants (30 stable COPD patients and 30 age-and-sex matched controls). Socio-demographic characteristics was obtained and spirometry was done for all participants. PIFR assessment was done using the In-Check Dial Meter and was categorized as suboptimal (< 60L/min) or optimal (≥ 60L/min). P values less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS Mean age of the COPD patients and healthy controls were both 67.8 ± 10.3 years, with 53.3% being females. Post-bronchodilation FEV 1/FVC% for COPD patients was 54.15 ± 11.27%. The mean PIFR among COPD patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, in all DPIs simulated, especially for Clickhaler (46.2±13.4 vs 60.5±11.4L/min, p<0.001). A significant proportion of COPD patients had suboptimal PIFR, in the simulated resistances against Clickhaler and Turbuhaler (70% vs 80%; p<0.001). Older age, shorter height and low BMI were associated with suboptimal PIFR among COPD patients. However, independent predictors of suboptimal PIFR were BMI, PEFR, FEV1% and FVC%. CONCLUSION Suboptimal PIFR was found in a significant number of COPD patients when compared with healthy respondents. Routine assessment using In-Check Dial meter should be done to determine the suitability of dry powder inhalers for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Arawomo
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - G E Erhabor
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - M O Tanimowo
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O F Awopeju
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - O O Adewole
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - B O Adeniyi
- Respiratory Department, Isle of Wight NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, PO305TG, United Kingdom
| | - B A Afolabi
- Department of Family Medicine, Osun State University/ UniOsun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M W Ekundayo
- Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Kabra VD, Lahoti SR. Novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cystic fibrosis based on freeze-dried tridrug microparticles to treat cystic fibrosis. Daru 2023:10.1007/s40199-023-00460-4. [PMID: 37140775 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a severe, autosomal recessive disease that shortens life expectancy. According to studies, approximately 27% of patients with CF aged 2-5 years and 60 to 70% of adult patients are infected with P. aeruginosa. The patients experience bronchospasm leading to a persistent contracted state of the airways. OBJECTIVES The current work explores the possibility of combining ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin to combat the bacteria. A third drug L-salbutamol would be coated onto the surface of the drug-entrappped microparticles to instantaneously provide relief from bronchoconstriction. METHODS The microparticles were prepared using bovine serum albumin and L-leucine using the freeze-drying approach. The process and formulation parameters were optimized. The prepared microparticles were surface coated by L-salbutamol using the dry-blending method. The microparticles were subjected to rigorous in-vitro characterization for entrapment, inhalability, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity study and safety. The performance of the microparticles to be loaded into a inhaler was checked by the Anderson cascade impactor. RESULTS The freeze-dried microparticles had a particle size of 817.5 ± 5.6 nm with a polydispersity ratio of 0.33. They had a zeta potential of -23.3 ± 1.1 mV. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the microparticles was 3.75 ± 0.07 μm, and the geometric standard diameter was 1.66 ± 0.033 μm. The microparticles showed good loading efficiency for all three drugs. DSC, SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies confirmed the entrapment of ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin. SEM and TEM scans observed the shape and the smooth surface. Antimicrobial synergism was proven by the agar broth, and dilution technique and the formulation was deemed safe by the results of the MTT assay. CONCLUSION Freeze-dried microparticles of ivacaftor, ciprofloxacin, and L-salbutamol could pave way to a hitherto unexplored combination of drugs as a novel approach to treat P. aeruginosa infcetions and bronchoconstriction commonly associated with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak D Kabra
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, India, 431001
| | - Swaroop R Lahoti
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, India, 431001.
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18
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Varacca G, D'Angelo D, Glieca S, Cavalieri L, Piraino A, Quarta E, Sonvico F, Buttini F. The impact of possible improper use on the performance in vitro of NEXThaler in comparison with Ellipta inhaler. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106385. [PMID: 36646153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The correct use of dry powder inhalers by the patients is essential to ensure effective treatment and management of the disease. The purpose of the work was to assess the consequence of inhaler misuse in terms of emitted dose and aerodynamic parameters. One reservoir multidose device (Foster-NEXThaler®) and one pre-dosed device (Relvar-Ellipta®), both sharing the "open, inhale and close" procedure, were the subject of the study. NEXThaler activated at different degrees of inclination showed a consistent dose delivery for both the drugs included in the formulation (beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate). Contrary, Ellipta showed a decrease of the emitted dose for both fluticasone furoate (FluF) and vilanterol trifenatate (VT) when the device was operated facing downward (-14% at 45° and -22% at 90°). Similarly, the delivered dose of NEXThaler was unaffected by an accidental fall, while Ellipta released FluF and VT doses 50% lower than control values. The presence of the dose protector in NEXThaler offers the advantage of retaining the powder if the inhaler is subjected to incorrect manipulations. Both products proved to be reliable in double activation. Finally, simulation exhalation conditions impaired, although not significantly, the aerodynamic profile of the two products.
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de Pablo E, O'Connell P, Fernández-García R, Marchand S, Chauzy A, Tewes F, Dea-Ayuela MA, Kumar D, Bolás F, Ballesteros MP, Torrado JJ, Healy AM, Serrano DR. Targeting lung macrophages for fungal and parasitic pulmonary infections with innovative amphotericin B dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122788. [PMID: 36863544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of fungal pulmonary infections is known to be on the increase, and yet there is an alarming gap in terms of marketed antifungal therapies that are available for pulmonary administration. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a highly efficient broad-spectrum antifungal only marketed as an intravenous formulation. Based on the lack of effective antifungal and antiparasitic pulmonary treatments, the aim of this study was to develop a carbohydrate-based AmB dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation, prepared by spray drying. Amorphous AmB microparticles were developed by combining 39.7 % AmB with 39.7 % γ-cyclodextrin, 8.1 % mannose and 12.5 % leucine. An increase in the mannose concentration from 8.1 to 29.8 %, led to partial drug crystallisation. Both formulations showed good in vitro lung deposition characteristics (80 % FPF < 5 µm and MMAD < 3 µm) at different air flow rates (60 and 30 L/min) when used with a DPI, but also during nebulisation upon reconstitution in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Pablo
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Fernández-García
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Marchand
- UMR 1070, Université de PoitiersPôle Biologie Santé, 1, Rue Georges Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie-Pharmacocinétique, CHU de Poitiers, 2, Rue de la milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - A Chauzy
- UMR 1070, Université de PoitiersPôle Biologie Santé, 1, Rue Georges Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - F Tewes
- UMR 1070, Université de PoitiersPôle Biologie Santé, 1, Rue Georges Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie-Pharmacocinétique, CHU de Poitiers, 2, Rue de la milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - M A Dea-Ayuela
- Pharmacy Department, School of Life Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - F Bolás
- Parasitology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Ballesteros
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Torrado
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Maloney SE, Alshiraihi IM, Singh A, Stewart IE, Mariner Gonzalez J, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Meibohm B, Hickey AJ. Spray dried tigecycline dry powder aerosols for the treatment of Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102306. [PMID: 36716525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary infections are a global health concern and a significant contributor to lung disease. Systemic therapies of a cocktail of antibiotics administered over a long period often lead to adverse reactions and/or treatment failure. NTM pathogens, such as Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), are notoriously difficult to treat due to resistance to many traditional antibiotics. However, the antibiotic tigecycline has demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo against Mabs strains varying in drug susceptibility. Tigecycline exhibits instability in aqueous medium, posing delivery challenges, and has caused severe adverse gastrointestinal effects following intravenous administration, requiring treatment discontinuation. To mitigate both of these concerns, inhalation therapies using dry powder aerosols are proposed as an alternative administration route and means of delivery. Tigecycline dry powder formulations were prepared, characterized, and optimized to develop a therapeutic aerosol with low moisture, high dispersibility, and a large fraction of particles in the respirable size range (1-5 μm). The addition of lactose, leucine, and phosphate buffer salts was investigated to achieve additional stability, dispersibility, and tolerability. Preliminary delivery of the dry powders to Mabs-infected mice for 30 min per day over 7 d demonstrated a 0.91-log (87.7%) decrease in lung bacterial burden.
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21
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Gong QQ, Tay JYS, Veronica N, Xu J, Heng PWS, Zhang YP, Liew CV. Surface Modification of lactose carrier particles using a fluid bed coater to improve fine particle fraction for dry powder inhalers. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:164-175. [PMID: 36683577 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2171434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface roughness of carrier particles can impact dry powder inhaler (DPI) performance. There are opposing views on the effect of roughness on DPI performance. Hence, a systematic approach is needed to modify carrier surfaces and evaluate the impact on drug delivery. Carrier particle surfaces were modified by fluid bed coating with saturated lactose containing micronized lactose of different sizes (2, 5 and 8 μm) and coated to different levels (20, 40, 60 and 80%). Their drug delivery performance was assessed by the fine particle fraction (FPF). Roughness parameters, mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and arithmetic mean height (Sa), of the carrier particles, were also evaluated using optical profilometry and scanning laser microscopy. Generally, particles of higher Ra had higher FPF. Higher Sa resulted in higher FPF only for particles with 60 and 80% coat levels. Reduced contact surface area between the drug particle and rougher carrier particle resulted in easier drug detachment during aerosolization. The 5 µm micronized lactose produced optimal carrier particles with respect to FPF and surface roughness. The study highlighted that with the ideal particles for surface roughening and coating level, surface roughening could be efficiently achieved by fluid bed coating for superior DPI performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin Gong
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Justin Yong Soon Tay
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia Veronica
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ping Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Celine Valeria Liew
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Lin TY, Yan DC, Wang YJ, Liang YT, Chen TL, Wan GH. An aerosol inhalation monitor would improve the accuracy of checklist assessment in drug inhalation techniques. Respir Med 2023; 206:107068. [PMID: 36495788 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checklists are usually employed to assess the inhalation techniques in patients, but partial techniques are difficult to evaluate visually. This study aimed to assess the checklist validity and an agreement between checklists and an aerosol inhalation monitor (AIM) assessments. METHODS This study used a checklist and an AIM to evaluate the participants' inhalation techniques with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and two dry powder inhalers (DPIs). The kappa (κ) coefficient, prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted κ (PABAK), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were all calculated to determine the agreement between the checklist and AIM in an MDI and DPIs with different inhalation technique steps. RESULTS The checklist and AIM exhibited poor agreement in the MDI for actuation and inhalation time, and a moderate agreement for inspiratory flow. The fair agreement was observed in DPIs for inspiratory flow between the checklist and AIM. The steps of holding breath in MDI and DPIs were highly correlated between both assessments. The lowest accuracy evaluated with an AIM was found in the step of actuation and inhalation time in the MDI and in the inspiratory flow step in DPIs. CONCLUSION The checklist tended to overestimate the accuracy of critical techniques including the actuation and inhalation time in MDIs and the inspiratory flow in DPIs. Thus, the AIM device can be used as an objective auxiliary tool to assess and quantify the specific steps of inhalation technique for the users with MDI and DPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Chin Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Liang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Hwa Wan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Akdag Y. Nanoparticle-containing lyophilized dry powder inhaler formulations optimized using central composite design with improved aerodynamic parameters and redispersibility. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:124-137. [PMID: 36602194 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2166066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve the aerodynamic behavior and redispersibility of a lyophilized dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation containing nanoparticles.Methods: Paclitaxel (PTX)-human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles were used as a model, and DPIs containing the nanoparticles were produced by lyophilization using different carriers and carrier ratios. A central composite design was employed to optimize the formulation. L-leucine and mannitol were chosen as independent variables, and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), emitted fraction, fine particle fraction (FPF), nanoparticle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential were selected as dependent variables.Results: The water content of DPIs was less than 5% for all DPIs. The cytotoxicity of the DPIs, determined using A549 cells, was due to PTX alone. Particle sizes of 204.3 ± 1.65 nm and 94.3-1353.0 nm were obtained before and after lyophilization, respectively. The developed method resulted in a reduction in the MMAD from 8.148 µm to 5.274 µm, an increase in the FPF from 17.63% to 33.60%, and an increase in the emitted fraction from 77.68% to 97.03%. The physico-chemical characteristics of the optimized formulation were also assessed.Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lyophilization can be used to produce nanoparticle-containing DPI formulations with improved redispersibility and aerodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Akdag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Kabra VD, Lahoti SR, Sugandhi VV. Development of Novel Spray-dried Microparticles to Treat Cystic Fibrosis: A Tri-drug Approach. Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul 2023; 17:286-299. [PMID: 38018213 DOI: 10.2174/0126673878245506231031124020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is the predominant autosomal recessive disorder known to reduce life expectancy. Research findings indicate that around 60 to 70% of adult individuals with this condition carry infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OBJECTIVE The ongoing research investigates the potential synergy of merging ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin to address bacterial infections. METHODS The two drugs were spray-dried into microparticles, which were then coated with Lsalbutamol and were to be delivered by a dry powder inhaler. Microparticles were generated by applying the spray drying method, utilizing bovine serum albumin and L-leucine in their preparation. Additionally, L-salbutamol was mixed and adsorbed onto the surface of the spray-dried microparticles, and it acted as a bronchodilator. RESULTS The microparticles produced via spray drying exhibited a particle size measuring 1.6 ± 0.04 μm, along with a polydispersity ratio of 0.33. Their zeta potential measured -27.3 ± 1.1 mV, while the mass median aerodynamic diameter of these microparticles was 3.74 ± 0.08 μm. SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies confirmed the entrapment of ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin. The morphology was observed by SEM and TEM scans. Antibacterial synergy was confirmed through the agar broth and dilution method, and the formulation's safety was established based on the outcomes of the MTT assay. CONCLUSION Using spray-dried microparticles containing ciprofloxacin, ivacaftor, and L-salbutamol presents a novel approach to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak D Kabra
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, 431001, India
| | - Swaroop R Lahoti
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, 431001, India
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25
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Rai PY, Sansare VA, Warrier DU, Shinde UA. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of inhalable effervescent dry powder of Rifampicin nanoparticles. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:49-58. [PMID: 36740318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry powder inhaler is a popular approach to pulmonary drug delivery to treat tuberculosis. Spray dried Nanoparticles using lactose carrier is extensively used for pulmonary drug delivery. Though lactose nanoparticles show deep lung deposition, they fail to uniformly disperse nanoparticles in its original form in alveoli. Rifampicin is one of the first line drugs in tuberculosis treatment. Lung targeted drug delivery system is an approach to reduce dose related side effects of rifampicin. Inhalable nanoparticles also help to target alveolar macrophages, thus improving treatment efficiency. METHODOLOGY This study focuses on rifampicin nanosuspension formulation and optimization using nano-precipitation method followed by characterizing effervescent DPI of rifampicin nanoparticles with effervescent pair (citric acid and sodium bicarbonate). Preliminary studies showed suitability of 4:5 solvent: antisolvent ratio and lecithin (1%) as stabilizer. The drug and stabilizer concentration in nanoparticles was successfully optimized using 3 ∗ 2 factorial design using DESIGN EXPERT software. The rifampicin nanoparticles were further converted to spray dried powder using effervescent carrier. RESULT The effervescent pair formulation was monodisperse and had a particle size of 1.5 microns (polydispersity index 0.289), thus showing better redispersibility than lactose nanoparticles. The mass median aerodynamic diameter and fine particle diameter of both spray dried formulations were similar and suitable for deep lung deposition. CONCLUSION These findings are suggestive that effervescent technique can be successfully employed to improve redispersibility of rifampicin nanoparticles.
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26
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van der Palen J, Slade D, Rehal S, Verma M, Plank M. A randomized, cross-over study comparing critical and overall errors, learning time, and preference of the ELLIPTA versus BREEZHALER dry powder inhalers in patients with asthma. Respir Med 2022; 205:107031. [PMID: 36368290 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with asthma make errors using inhalers, affecting the amount of medication received. Previous evidence demonstrated that patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease make fewer critical errors with the ELLIPTA inhaler after reading the patient information leaflet (PIL) versus other dry powder inhalers. We assessed errors made by patients with asthma using placebo ELLIPTA or BREEZHALER inhalers. METHODS This randomized, multicenter, open-label placebo inhaler-handling study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04813354) with 2x2 complete block crossover design was conducted at three centers in the Netherlands and enrolled patients aged ≥18 years with mild-to-moderate asthma. Inclusion criteria were inhaler use for ≥12 weeks prior to enrollment and naivety to ELLIPTA and BREEZHALER inhalers. Patients were randomized to ELLIPTA or BREEZHALER inhaler first and were assessed for errors in use of both inhalers after 1) reading PIL instructions, 2) receiving further instruction from a healthcare professional (HCP) if they made an error. RESULTS 114 patients with asthma (57% female; mean age of 55.3 years) were assessed. After reading the PIL, 6% of patients made ≥1 critical error with ELLIPTA versus 26% with BREEZHALER (odds ratio [OR]: 0.11 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.40]; p < 0.001). With ELLIPTA, 27% of patients made ≥1 overall error after reading the PIL versus 41% with BREEZHALER (OR: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.03-0.74]; p = 0.005). Fewer patients required HCP instruction with ELLIPTA than BREEZHALER (25% versus 32%). CONCLUSIONS Fewer patients made critical and overall errors using the ELLIPTA inhaler versus BREEZHALER after reading the PIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job van der Palen
- Department of Epidemiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente and Section Cognition, Data and Education, Faculty of Behavioral Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maximilian Plank
- GSK, Abbotsford, VIC, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Newman B, Babiskin A, Bielski E, Boc S, Dhapare S, Fang L, Feibus K, Kaviratna A, Li BV, Luke MC, Ma T, Spagnola M, Walenga RL, Wang Z, Zhao L, El-Gendy N, Bertha CM, Abd El-Shafy M, Gaglani DK. Scientific and regulatory activities initiated by the U.S. Food and drug administration to foster approvals of generic dry powder inhalers: Bioequivalence perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114526. [PMID: 36067967 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science for generic dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in the United States (U.S.) has evolved over the last decade. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the draft product-specific guidance (PSG) for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder. This was the first PSG for a DPI available in the U.S., which provided details on a weight-of-evidence approach for establishing bioequivalence (BE). A variety of research activities including in vivo and in vitro studies were used to support these recommendations, which have led to the first approval of a generic DPI in the U.S. for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder in January of 2019. This review describes the scientific and regulatory activities that have been initiated by FDA to support the current BE recommendations for DPIs that led to the first generic DPI approvals, as well as research with novel in vitro and in silico methods that may potentially facilitate generic DPI development and approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Boc
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine Feibus
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing V Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tian Ma
- Division of Bioequivalence I, Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Spagnola
- Division of Clinical Safety and Surveillance, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nashwa El-Gendy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig M Bertha
- Division of New Drug Products II, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammed Abd El-Shafy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dhaval K Gaglani
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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28
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Adhikari BR, Gordon KC, Das SC. Solid state of inhalable high dose powders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114468. [PMID: 35917868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High dose inhaled powders have received increased attention for treating lung infections. These powders can be prepared using techniques such as spray drying, spray-freeze drying, crystallization, and milling. The selected preparation technique is known to influence the solid state of the powders, which in turn can potentially modulate aerosolization and aerosolization stability. This review focuses on how and to what extent the change in solid state of high dose powders can influence aerosolization. It also discusses the commonly used solid state characterization techniques and the application of potential strategies to improve the physical and chemical stability of the amorphous powders for high dose delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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29
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Fan Z, Zhu J. The effects of grid design on the performance of 3D-printed dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122230. [PMID: 36162608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The grid structure is an indispensable part of most dry powder inhalers, but the effects of grid geometry on inhaler performance are rarely reported. This study aims to systemically investigate the influence of grid design on the aerosolization performance of capsule-based inhalers through experiments and computational analysis. In-vitro aerosolization and deposition performance of commercial and 3D-printed customized inhalers with different grid mesh designs were experimentally studied using a Next Generation Impactor (NGI). Flow fields in the inhalers were generated, and average turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and airstream trajectories were obtained through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, delineating the effects of the different grid designs. Comparative studies using the commercial inhalers and the 3D-printed inhalers show a slightly better performance for the latter, probably due to the different materials used for the inhalers, confirming the suitability of 3D printing. Experimental results show that intensive grid meshes with a relatively small aperture size are beneficial to enhancing inhaler performance. Computational results illustrate that the intensive grid meshes can reduce vortexed airstreams and increase turbulent kinetic energy at the grids in general, which also supports the experimental results. In summary, inhalers with intensive grid meshes are preferred for capsule-based inhalers to enhance aerosolization performance. These findings have significant implications for the comprehensive understanding of how grid designs influence inhaler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Canada; Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd., 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxi Road, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ying Ma
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Canada; Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd., 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxi Road, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ziyi Fan
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Canada.
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30
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Capecelatro J, Longest W, Boerman C, Sulaiman M, Sundaresan S. Recent developments in the computational simulation of dry powder inhalers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114461. [PMID: 35868587 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in computational modeling of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). DPIs deliver drug formulations (sometimes blended with larger carrier particles) to a patient's lungs via inhalation. Inhaler design is complicated by the need for maximum aerosolization efficiency, which is favored by high levels of turbulence near the mouthpiece, with low extrathoracic depositional loss, which requires low turbulence levels near the mouth-throat region. In this article, we review the physical processes contributing to aerosolization and subsequent dispersion and deposition. We assess the performance characteristics of DPIs using existing simulation techniques and offer a perspective on how such simulations can be improved to capture the physical processes occurring over a wide range of length- and timescales more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Capecelatro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Connor Boerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Wong CYJ, Cuendet M, Spaleniak W, Gholizadeh H, Marasini N, Ong HX, Traini D. Validation of a cell integrated next-generation impactor to assess in vitro drug transport of physiologically relevant aerosolised particles. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122024. [PMID: 35843365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel inhaled formulations in the pre-clinical stage has been impeded by a lack of meaningful information related to drug dissolution and transport at the lung epithelia due to the absence of physiologically relevant in vitro respiratory models. The objective of the present study was to develop an in vitro experimental model, which combined the next generation impactor (NGI) and two respiratory epithelial cell lines, for examining the aerodynamic performance of dry powder inhalers and the fate of aerosolised drugs following lung deposition. The NGI impaction plates of stage 3 (i.e., a cut-off diameter of 2.82-4.46 µm) and stage 7 (i.e., a cut-off diameter of 0.34-0.55 µm) were modified to accommodate 3 cell cultures inserts. Specifically, Calu-3 cells and H441 cells, which are representative of the bronchial and alveolar epithelia in the lung, respectively, were cultivated at the air-liquid interface on SnapwellsTM with polycarbonate membranes. The aerodynamic particle size distribution of the modified NGI was investigated using resveratrol dry powder formulation (as a model drug). The suitability of such an in vitro model was confirmed by examining the in vitro aerodynamic performance of the model drug as compared to the conventional NGI setup (i.e., without the integrated Snapwell inserts), as well as the effect of experimental conditions (e.g., 60 L/min airflows) on the cells in the integrated Snapwell inserts. After deposition of the aerodynamically fractioned resveratrol, the permeation of the drug across the cell layer to the basolateral chamber of the Snapwell inserts was evaluated over 24 h. Results obtained from the drug transport study showed that the cell-integrated NGI provided realistic drug delivery conditions to the cells that can be used to assess the fate of fractionated aerosol particles. This system enables a better understanding of the in vitro drug deposition in the lungs and allows studies on both aerodynamic characterisation and drug transport (drug biological interactions with the cells) to be performed simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuen Jerry Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Weronika Spaleniak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Party P, Kókai D, Burián K, Nagy A, Hopp B, Ambrus R. Development of extra-fine particles containing nanosized meloxicam for deep pulmonary delivery: in vitro aerodynamic and cell line measurements. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106247. [PMID: 35760279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug administration provides a platform for the effective local treatment of various respiratory diseases. Application of nano-sized active ingredients results in higher bioavailability because of their large specific surface area. Extra-fine dry powder inhalers reach the smaller airways, further improving therapeutic efficiency. Poorly water-soluble meloxicam was the selected active ingredient. We aimed to decrease the particle size into the nano range by wet milling and producing extra-fine inhalable particles via nano spray-drying. The diameter of the drug was reduced to 138 nm. The particle size of the dry products was between 1.1-1.5 µm, and the dispersed diameter was between 500-800 nm. Owing to the excipients (poly-vinyl-alcohol, leucine), the spray-dried particles presented nearly spherical morphology. The drug became partially amorphous. Thanks to the improved surface area, the solubility and the released and the diffused amount of the meloxicam increased in artificial lung media. The in vitro aerodynamic measurements showed that the leucine-containing formulations had outstanding fine particle fraction (FPF) deposition with 1.3 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The aerodynamic particle counter test also proved the extra-fine aerodynamic particle size. The in vitro cell line experiments revealed the non-cytotoxicity of the products and the suppression of the interleukin concentration. Overall, the powders are suitable for deep pulmonary delivery and the local treatment of lung inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Party
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös street 6., Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós street 29-33., 1121, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm square 9., Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös street 6., Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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Spahn JE, Hefnawy A, Smyth HDC, Zhang F. Development of a novel method for the continuous blending of carrier-based dry powders for inhalation using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121914. [PMID: 35716975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twin-screw extruders are useful in tuning certain product characteristics due to the ability to greatly modify screw profiles as well as operating parameters. However, their use has not yet been applied to dry powder inhalation. In this study the feasibility of using a twin-screw extruder to blend dry powders for inhalation was assessed. Micronized rifampicin (1%) was used as a model drug with lactose carrier (median size ∼ 44 µm) and 0.4% magnesium stearate as a multi-functional ternary agent. Blend performance was compared with low shear (Turbula®) batch mixing. Similar blend uniformity and aerosol performance was observed, indicating the twin-screw extruder successfully functions as a mixer for dry powders for inhalation. The ability to utilize the twin-screw extruder as a continuous mixer leads to new opportunities in the continuous manufacturing of powders for inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Spahn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920 Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Amr Hefnawy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920 Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920 Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920 Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Abstract
The process of solids mixing is applied across a considerable range of industries. Pharmaceutical science is one of those industries that utilizes solids mixing extensively. Specifically, solids mixing as a key factor in the preparation of dry powder inhalers using the ordered mixing process will be discussed here. This review opens with a history of dry powder mixing theory, continues to ordered mixing in the preparation for dry powder inhalers, details key interparticulate interactions, explains formulation components for dry powder blends, and finally discusses different types of mixers used in the production of dry powder blends for inhalation. Lastly, the authors offer some suggestions for future work on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Spahn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA.
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Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Development and Characterization of a Spray-Dried Inhalable Ciprofloxacin-Quercetin Co-Amorphous System. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121657. [PMID: 35288220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spray drying is an increasingly used particle engineering technique for the production of dry powders for inhalation. However, the amorphous nature of most spray-dried particles remains a big challenge affecting both the chemical and the physical stability of the dried particles. Here, we study the possibility of producing co-amorphous ciprofloxacin-quercetin inhalable particles with improved amorphous stability compared to the individual amorphous drugs. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was co-spray dried with quercetin (QUE), a compound with antibiofilm properties, from an ethanol-water co-solvent system at 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios to investigate the formation of co-amorphous CIP-QUE particles. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used for solid-state characterization; dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) was used for investigating the moisture sorption behaviour. The intermolecular interaction was studied via solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; the miscibility of the drugs was predicted via free energy calculations based on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ). A next generation impactor (NGI) was used to study the in vitro aerosol performance of the spray-dried powders. The physicochemical characteristics such as particle size, density, morphology, cohesion, water content and saturation solubility of the spray-dried powders were also studied. The co-spray-dried CIP-QUE powders prepared at the three molar ratios were predominantly amorphous. However, differences were observed between sample types. It was found that at a molar ratio of 1:1, CIP and QUE form a single co-amorphous system. However, increasing the molar ratio of either drug results in the formation of an additional amorphous phase, formed from the excess of the corresponding drug. Despite these differences, DVS showed that elevated humidity had a much lower influence on all three co-amorphous systems compared with the individual amorphous drugs. In vitro aerosolization study showed co-deposition of the two drugs from CIP-QUE powders with a desirable aerosol performance (ED ∼ 72% - 94%; FPF ∼ 48% - 65%) whereas QUE-only amorphous powder had an ED of 36% and a FPF of 22%. In summary, spray-dried CIP-QUE combinations resulted in co-amorphous systems with boosted stability and improved aerosol performance with the 1:1 molar ratio exhibiting the greatest improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Kim YH, Li DD, Park S, Yi DS, Yeoh GH, Abbas A. Computational investigation of particle penetration and deposition pattern in a realistic respiratory tract model from different types of dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121293. [PMID: 34808267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the device performance of a new design by comparing with a typical commercial DPI. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) collision has been utilized in this study to characterize and examine the flow field and particle transportation, respectively. A typical commercial DPI and an in-house designed novel DPI with distinct design features were compared to explore their dispersion capabilities and suitability for delivery to the respiratory tract. For this exploration, realistic oral to larynx and tracheobronchial airway models consisting of bio-relevant features were adopted to enhance practical feasibility. Distinct aerosol performances were observed between the two DPIs in the respiratory tract, where the in-house DPI, in comparison with the commercial DPI, has shown approximately 30% lower deposition fraction in the mouth-throat region with approximately 7% higher escape rate in the tracheobronchial region under the identical inhalation condition. This observation demonstrates that a novel in-house designed DPI provides higher device efficiency over the selected typical commercial DPI.
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Cui Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Lu X, Xue J, Wang G, Hu P, Yue X, Zhao Z, Pan X, Wu C. A real-time and modular approach for quick detection and mechanism exploration of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:437-450. [PMID: 35127397 PMCID: PMC8799997 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.
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Key Words
- AE, aerated energy
- APIs, active pharmaceutical ingredients
- AR, aeration ratio
- BFE, basic flow Energy
- C.OPT, optical concentration
- CFD-DEM, computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method
- CPS, carrier particle size
- Carrier particle size
- DPIs, dry powder inhalers
- Dry powder inhaler
- ED, emitted dose
- EDXS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FC, centrifugal force
- FD, drag force
- FF, friction force
- FG, gravity
- FI, interaction force
- FP, press-on force
- FPD, fine particle dose
- FPF, fine particle fraction
- FT4, Freeman Technology 4
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
- LAC, lactose
- MFV, minimum fluidization velocity
- MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter
- MOC, micro orifice collector
- MPAP, modular process analysis platform
- MSS, micronized salbutamol sulfate
- NGI, Next Generation Impactor
- O, oxygen
- PD, pressure drop
- PDP, pulmonary delivery process
- PSF, particle size fractions
- Pulmonary delivery process
- Quick detection
- R, release amount
- RAUC, total release amount
- Real-time monitor
- Rmax, maximum of release amount
- S, stopping distance
- SE, specific energy
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SSA, specific surface area
- T, time
- TE, total engery
- Tmax, the time to reach Rmax
- Tt, terminal time
- U0, air flow rate
- V0, velocity
- dQ3, the volume percentage of particles within certain range
- dae, aerodynamic diameter
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Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Developing ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation: A story of challenges and rational design in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121388. [PMID: 34923051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disease affecting the lung which leads to a progressive decline in lung function as a result of malfunctioning mucociliary clearance and subsequent chronic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of lung infection in CF patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of CF. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics for lung infections significantly reduces the required dose and the associated systemic side effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and the most effective fluoroquinolone. However, in spite of the substantial amount of research aimed at developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation, none of these formulations has been commercialized. Here, we present an integrated view of the diverse challenges associated with delivering ciprofloxacin dry particles to the lungs of CF patients and the rationales behind recent formulations of ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation. This review will discuss the challenges in developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation along with the physiological and pathophysiological challenges such as ciprofloxacin lung permeability, overproduction of viscous mucus and bacterial biofilms. The review will also discuss the current and emerging particle engineering approaches to overcoming these challenges. By doing so, we believe the review will help the reader to understand the current limitations in developing an inhalable ciprofloxacin powder and explore new opportunities of rational design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Benque B, Khinast JG. Carrier particle emission and dispersion in transient CFD-DEM simulations of a capsule-based DPI. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106073. [PMID: 34774996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of carrier-based formulations in capsule-based dry powder inhalers depends on several factors, including the patient's inhalation profile and the motion of capsule within the device. In the present study, coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method simulations of a polydisperse cohesive lactose carrier in an Aerolizer® inhaler were conducted at a constant flow rate of 100 L/min and considering an inhalation profile of asthmatic children between 5 and 17 years approximated from literature data. In relevant high-speed photography experiments, it was observed that the powder was distributed to both capsule ends before being ejected from the capsule. Several methods of ensuring similar behavior in the simulations were presented. Both the constant flow rate simulation and the profile simulations showed a high powder retention in the capsule (7.37-19.00%). Although the inhaler retention was negligible in the constant flow rate simulation due to consistently high air velocities in the device, it reached values of around 7% in most of the profile simulations. In all simulations, some of the carrier powder was ejected from the capsule as particle clusters. These clusters were larger in the profile simulation than in the constant flow rate simulation. Of the powder discharged from the capsule, a high percentage was bound in clusters in the profile simulation in the beginning and at the end of the inhalation profile while no more than 10% of the powder ejected from the capsule in the 100 L/min constant flow rate simulation were in clusters at any time. The powder emission from the capsule was studied, indicating a strong dependency of the powder mass flow from the capsule on the angular capsule position. When the capsule holes face the inhaler's air inlets, the air flow into the capsule restricts the powder discharge. The presented results provide a detailed view of some aspects of the powder flow and dispersion of a cohesive carrier in a capsule-based inhaler device. Furthermore, the importance of considering inhalation profiles in addition to conventional constant flow rate simulations was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Benque
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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40
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Singh G, Lowe A, Azeem A, Cheng S, Chan HK, Walenga R, Kourmatzis A. Effect of inflow conditioning for dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121085. [PMID: 34508843 PMCID: PMC8720028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transport of pharmaceutical dry powder inside an optically accessible inhaler-like device is studied using both macro- and microscopic high-speed imaging. The investigation aims to systematically study the effect of inflow modifications on the dispersion characteristics of agglomerates inside a dry powder inhaler (DPI) geometry. An inhaler device was designed with geometrical features akin to commercial inhalers used in the current market and research oriented inhalers such as the Twincer®: two offset inlet channels (one with a powder pocket), a clockwise swirling chamber and a single outlet channel. At the device outlet, a vacuum pump was fitted with an actuator and calibrated to achieve a steady state inhalation with a peak flowrate of 85 and 125 L/min. Airflow conditions at the intake of the device were strategically perturbed in order to induce powder fluidisation and dispersion using turbulence grids and through physically obstructing channel streams in order to achieve changes in flow behaviour (e.g., flow separation). Complete fluidisation of the powder bed was observed with image processing enabling statistics on de-agglomerated fragment size and velocity. A range of behaviour was noted including local turbulence through introduction of a grid, bimodal fragment size behaviour for cohesive mannitol powder, as well as introduction of low velocity zones in the device through flow splitting. The geometry enables simple systematic study of inflow conditions into a DPI-like device with the data being useful for study of a given powder formulation (mannitol) and validation of computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Albyn Lowe
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Athiya Azeem
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ross Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Yu S, Pu X, Ahmed MU, Yu HH, Mutukuri TT, Li J, Zhou QT. Spray-freeze-dried inhalable composite microparticles containing nanoparticles of combinational drugs for potential treatment of lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121160. [PMID: 34624446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an overwhelming cause of terminal and persistent lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Antimicrobial synergy has been shown for colistin and ivacaftor, and our study designed a relatively high drug-loading dry powder inhaler formulation containing nanoparticles of ivacaftor and colistin. The ivacaftor-colistin nanosuspensions (Iva-Col-NPs) were prepared by the anti-solvent method with different stabilizers. Based on the aggregation data, the formulation 7 (F7) with DSPG-PEG-OMe as the stabilizer was selected for further studies. The F7 consisted of ivacaftor, colistin and DSPG-PEG-OMe with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. The F7 powder formulation was developed using the ultrasonic spray-freeze-drying method and exhibited a rough surface with relatively high fine particle fraction values of 61.4 ± 3.4% for ivacaftor and 63.3 ± 3.3% for colistin, as well as superior emitted dose of 97.8 ± 0.3% for ivacaftor and 97.6 ± 0.5% for colistin. The F7 showed very significant dissolution improvement for poorly water soluble ivacaftor than the physical mixture. Incorporating two drugs in a single microparticle with synchronized dissolution and superior aerosol performance will maximize the synergy and bioactivity of those two drugs. Minimal cytotoxicity in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells and enhanced antimicrobial activity against colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa suggested that our formulation has potential to improve the treatment of CF patients with lung infections.
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Al Ayoub Y, Buzgeia A, Almousawi G, Mazhar HRA, Alzouebi B, Gopalan RC, Assi KH. In-Vitro In-Vivo Correlation (IVIVC) of Inhaled Products Using Twin Stage Impinger. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:395-402. [PMID: 34599997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro dissolution testing as a form of quality control has become a necessity in the pharmaceutical industry. As such, the need to establish a method that investigates the in vitro dissolution profile of inhaled products should be taken into account. The prime focus in this study was to examine the in-vitro in-vivo correlation utilising a modified version of the Twin Stage Impinger and to promote an in vitro dissolution model by enhancing the Fine Particle Dose (FPD) collection method for dry powder inhalers. The Twin Impinger was modified by inserting a stainless steel membrane holder disk in the base of the lower chamber. The design, with optimum drug deposition, was adopted for the dissolution study of budesonide and salbutamol. Afterwards, the membrane holder system was placed in the bottom of the dissolution vessel. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), simulated lung fluid (SLF, Gamble solution) and Phosphate buffer (PB) were used in the study. The paddle dissolution apparatus, containing 300 mL of the medium, was operated at 75 rpm paddle speed. Samples were collected at defined time intervals and analysed using a validated HPLC method. The largest proportion of the budesonide dose was dissolved in PBS compared to PB and SLF. This was due to the presence of surfactant (0.2% w/v polysorbate), which enhances the wettability and the solubility of the poorly soluble drug (budesonide). The similarity factors for PBS and PB were 47.6 and 69.7, respectively, using SLF as a reference, whereas the similarity factor for salbutamol dissolution between PB and SLF was 81.3, suggesting PB is a suitable substitute. Comparison using both the predicted and actual in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) values of the two drugs, as well as the pattern of their Concentration-Time (c-t) profiles, showed good similarity, which gave an indication of the validity of this in vitro dissolution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuosef Al Ayoub
- Eurofins Professional Scientific Services UK Limited, Unit G1 Valiant Way, I54 Business Park, Wolverhampton, WV9 5GB, UK
| | - Asma Buzgeia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ghadeer Almousawi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - B Alzouebi
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rajendran C Gopalan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - K H Assi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Noriega-Fernandes B, Malmlöf M, Nowenwik M, Gerde P, Corvo ML, Costa E. Dry powder inhaler formulation comparison: Study of the role of particle deposition pattern and dissolution. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121025. [PMID: 34418472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The composition, morphology and dissolution profile of particles and micro-sized agglomerates delivered upon inhalation may have a significant impact on the product clinical effect. However, although several efforts are ongoing, a methodology that considers deposition structures and dissolution performance evaluation in a biorelevant set-up is not yet standardized. The goal of this work is to apply a collection and dissolution methodology able to discriminate dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations in terms of deposition structures and dissolution profile in vitro. Hence, Fluticasone Propionate (FP) engineered particles and formulated products (used as a case study) were collected employing a breath simulator and characterized regarding (i) aerodynamic particle size distribution; (ii) deposited microstructures; and (iii) dissolution/absorption profiles using the DissolvIt® bio-relevant dissolution equipment. The results indicated that the particle engineering technology had an impact on the generated and deposited microstructures, here associated to the differences on surface properties of jet milled and wet polished particles quantified by the specific surface area. Differences on surface properties modulate particle interactions, resulting in agglomerates of drug substance and excipient upon actuation with significant different morphologies, observed by microscope, as well as quantified by Marple cascade impactor. These observations allow for a further understanding of the DPI aerosolization and deposition mechanisms. The dissolution and absorption assessment indicates that the presence of lactose may accelerate the drug substance dissolution kinetics, and the FP dissolution can be significantly enhanced when formulated as a spray-dried dispersion particle. Ultimately, the results suggest dissolution testing can be an essential tool to both optimize an innovator DPI and de-risk generics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Noriega-Fernandes
- Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Inhalation & Advanced Drug Delivery, Estrada do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício R, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal; iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Maria Malmlöf
- Inhalation Sciences, Hälsovägen 7-9, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Per Gerde
- Inhalation Sciences, Hälsovägen 7-9, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Luisa Corvo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Eunice Costa
- Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Inhalation & Advanced Drug Delivery, Estrada do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício R, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Bahrainian S, Mirmoeini MS, Gilani Z, Gilani K. Engineering of levodopa inhalable microparticles in combination with leucine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine by spray drying technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106008. [PMID: 34530077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of concomitant use of leucine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, in different ratios, on aerosolization performance of levodopa. Three-component formulations were selected based on a central composite design using percentages of leucine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine as the independent variables. Particle size, surface roughness index, surface phosphorus and fine particle fraction were considered as dependent variables in the model. The spray dried samples were also characterized to determine their particle shape and solid state nature. levodopa was spray dried with 10-40% w/w of the excipients to prepare two- or three-component formulations. A crystalline nature was determined for levodopa in all samples spray dried from water:ethanol (30:70 v/v). Roughness in surface of the processed particles increased with increasing total concentration of the excipients, specially above 25% w/w. Analysis of phosphorus on the surface demonstrated that three-component formulations prepared with combination of 12.5% w/w leucine had the highest amount of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in the surface, regardless of its percentage used in the initial feed. A combination of 12.43% w/w of leucine and 9.80% w/w of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine used in formulation exhibited the highest fine particle fraction (72.63%). It can be concluded that spray drying of levodopa with a suitable combination of both excipients leads to production of a three-component formulation of crystalline levodopa, with an aerosolization performance which is significantly higher than two-component formulations composed of the drug with either leucine or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bahrainian
- Aerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirmoeini
- Aerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Gilani
- Aerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilani
- Aerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu X, Sulaiman M, Kolehmainen J, Ozel A, Sundaresan S. Particle-based coarse-grained approach for simulating dry powder inhaler. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120821. [PMID: 34171427 PMCID: PMC10679953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery via dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a complex process affected by multiple factors involving gas and particles. The performance of a carrier-based formulation depends on the release of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles, typically characterized by fine particle fraction (FPF) and dispersion fraction (DF). Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) can capture relevant gas and particle interactions but is computationally expensive, especially when tracking all carrier and API particles. This study assessed the efficacy of two coarse-grained CFD-DEM approaches, the Discrete Parcel Method and the representative particle approach, through highly-resolved CFD-DEM simulations. The representative particle approach simulates all carrier particles and a subset of API particles, whereas the Discrete Parcel Method tracks parcels representing a specified number of carrier or API particles. Both approaches are viable for a small carrier-API size ratio which requires modest degrees of coarse-graining, but the Discrete Parcel Method showed limitations for a large carrier-API size ratio. The representative particle approach can approximate CFD-DEM results with reasonable accuracies when simulations include at least 10 representative API particles per carrier. Using the representative particle approach, we probed powder characteristics that could affect FPF and DF in a model problem and correlated these fractions with the maximum carrier-API cohesive force per unit mass of API particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jari Kolehmainen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ali Ozel
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Tse JY, Koike A, Kadota K, Uchiyama H, Fujimori K, Tozuka Y. Porous particles and novel carrier particles with enhanced penetration for efficient pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:116-126. [PMID: 34363979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to design dry powder inhaler formulations using a hydrophilic polymeric polysaccharide, phytoglycogen (PyG), as a multi-functional additive that increases the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells and enhances pulmonary delivery of drugs. The safety and usefulness of PyG were determined using in vitro cell-based studies. Dry powder inhaler formulations of an antitubercular drug, rifampicin, were fabricated by spray drying with PyG. The cytotoxicity, effects on phagocytosis, particle size, and morphology were evaluated. The aerosolization properties of the powder formulations were evaluated using an Andersen cascade impactor (ACI). Scanning electron microscope images of the particles on each ACI stage were captured to observe the deposition behavior. PyG showed no toxicity in A549, Calu-3, or RAW264.7 cell lines. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g/L, PyG facilitated the cellular uptake of latex beads and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in RAW264.7 cells. Formulations with outstanding inhalation potential were produced. The fine particle fraction (aerodynamic size 2-7 µm) of the porous particle batch reached nearly 60%, whereas in the formulation containing wrinkled carrier particles, the extra-fine particle fraction (aerodynamic particle size < 2 μm) was 25.0% ± 1.7%. The deposition of porous and wrinkled particles on individual ACI stages was distinct. The inclusion of PyG dramatically improved the inhalation performance of porous and wrinkled powder formulations. These easily inhaled immunostimulatory carrier particles may advance the state of research by enhancing the therapeutic effect and alveolar delivery of antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yee Tse
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Atsushi Koike
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Ren X, Guo T, Cao Z, Zhang J, Sun L, Wu L. Solidification of volatile D-Limonene by cyclodextrin metal-organic framework for pulmonary delivery via dry powder inhalers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120825. [PMID: 34171430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
D-Limonene (D-Lim), a volatile oil extracted from citrus fruits, has therapeutic effects on lung inflammation and cancer, whilst the deep delivery of D-Lim was challenging due to its physical instability for a long period of time. To prevent the volatilization of D-Lim and achieve efficient pulmonary delivery, herein, D-Lim was loaded into biodegradable γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (γ-CD-MOF) with optimal loading efficiency achieving 13.79 ± 0.01% (molar ratio of D-Lim and γ-CD-MOF was 1.6:1), which possessed cubic shape with controllable particle size (1-5 μm). The experimental results indicated that γ-CD-MOF could improve the stability of D-Lim. A series of characterizations and molecular docking were used to reveal the interaction between D-Lim and γ-CD-MOF. The solidification of D-Lim by γ-CD-MOF played a crucial role in the exploitation of its inhalable dosage form, dry powder inhaler (DPI). Specifically, the aerosolization of D-Lim@γ-CD-MOF for inhalation was satisfactory with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 33.12 ± 1.50% at 65 L/min of flow rate. Furthermore, in vivo study had shown a 2.23-fold increase in bioavailability of D-Lim solidified by γ-CD-MOF for inhalation compared to D-Lim for oral administration. Therefore, it is considered that γ-CD-MOF could be an excellent carrier for pulmonary drug delivery to realize solidification and lung therapeutic effects of volatile oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zeying Cao
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Khatib I, Ke WR, Cipolla D, Chan HK. Storage stability of inhalable, controlled-release powder formulations of ciprofloxacin nanocrystal-containing liposomes. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120809. [PMID: 34144139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel inhalable and controlled release powder formulations of ciprofloxacin nanocrystals inside liposomes (CNL) were recently developed. In the present study, the storage stability of CNL powders consisting of lyoprotectant (i.e. sucrose or lactose), lipids, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and magnesium stearate or isoleucine was investigated. These powders were produced by spray drying, collected in a dry box at <15% relative humidity (RH), then stored at room temperature and either 4 or 20 %RH. Liposomal integrity, CIP encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release (IVR), aerosol performance, and solid-state properties were examined over six months. Sucrose CNL powder exhibited consistent liposomal integrity, aerosol performance, and controlled release of CIP over six months of storage at 4 %RH. However, storage of the powder at 20 %RH for the same period caused sucrose crystallization and consequently a significant drop in EE and aerosol performance (p-values < 0.05), along with the IVR of CIP becoming similar to that of the non-crystalline CIP liposomal dispersions (f2 > 50). Lactose CNL maintained superior aerosol performance over the six months irrespective of the storage RH. However, liposomal instability occurred at both RHs within the first month of storage with a significant drop in EE and an increase in liposome size (p-values < 0.05). Moreover, the IVR assay of CIP from lactose CNL showed a less controlled release and a substantial difference (f2 < 50) from its initial value after six months regardless of the storage RHs. In conclusion, dry powder inhalers of CNL were physiochemically stable in sucrose lyoprotectant when stored below 4 %RH at room temperature for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Khatib
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei-Ren Ke
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Chogale MM, Dhoble SB, Patravale VB. A triple combination 'nano' dry powder inhaler for tuberculosis: in vitro and in vivo pulmonary characterization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1520-31. [PMID: 34041715 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation route of drug delivery is the most favorable for pulmonary infections wherein direct drug delivery is desired to the lungs. Tuberculosis is one such infection suffering from poor therapeutic efficacy because of low patient compliance due to high drug dosing and lengthy treatment protocols. The current research work was undertaken to develop a dry powder inhaler (DPI) for administration of three first-line antitubercular antibiotics directly to the lungs to improve the treatment rates. Nanoformulations of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin were prepared, spray-dried to obtain a dry powder system, and blended with inhalation grade lactose to develop the DPI. The DPI was evaluated for its flow properties, pulmonary deposition, dissolution profile, and stability. The DPI possessed excellent flow properties with a fine particle fraction of 45% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter of approximately 5 µm indicating satisfactory lung deposition. In vitro drug release exhibited a sustained release of the formulations. In vivo studies showed a prolonged deposition in the lung at elevated concentrations compared to oral therapy. Stability studies proved that the formulation remained stable at accelerated and long-term stability conditions. The DPI could complement the existing oral therapy in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy in patients.
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50
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Jara MO, Warnken ZN, Sahakijpijarn S, Moon C, Maier EY, Christensen DJ, Koleng JJ, Peters JI, Hackman Maier SD, Williams Iii RO. Niclosamide inhalation powder made by thin-film freezing: Multi-dose tolerability and exposure in rats and pharmacokinetics in hamsters. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120701. [PMID: 33989748 PMCID: PMC8112893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed and tested a dry powder form of niclosamide made by thin-film freezing (TFF) and administered it by inhalation to rats and hamsters to gather data about its toxicology and pharmacokinetics. Niclosamide, a poorly water-soluble drug, is an interesting drug candidate because it was approved over 60 years ago for use as an anthelmintic medication, but recent studies demonstrated its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral with pharmacological effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. TFF was used to develop a niclosamide inhalation powder composition that exhibited acceptable aerosol performance with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 86.0% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.11 µm and 2.84, respectively. This formulation not only proved to be safe after an acute three-day, multi-dose tolerability and exposure study in rats as evidenced by histopathology analysis, and also was able to achieve lung concentrations above the required IC90 levels for at least 24 h after a single administration in a Syrian hamster model. To conclude, we successfully developed a niclosamide dry powder inhalation that overcomes niclosamide’s limitation of poor oral bioavailability by targeting the drug directly to the primary site of infection, the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O Jara
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary N Warnken
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Sawittree Sahakijpijarn
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Esther Y Maier
- Drug Dynamics Institute, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Jay I Peters
- UT- Health San Antonio Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Robert O Williams Iii
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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