1
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Iliopoulos F, Tu D, Pence IJ, Li X, Ghosh P, Luke MC, Raney SG, Rantou E, Evans CL. Determining topical product bioequivalence with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. J Control Release 2024; 367:864-876. [PMID: 38346503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Generic drugs are essential for affordable medicine and improving accessibility to treatments. Bioequivalence (BE) is typically demonstrated by assessing a generic product's pharmacokinetics (PK) relative to a reference-listed drug (RLD). Accurately estimating cutaneous PK (cPK) at or near the site of action can be challenging for locally acting topical products. Certain cPK approaches are available for assessing local bioavailability (BA) in the skin. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has unique capabilities enabling continuous, high spatial and temporal resolution and quantitative imaging of drugs within the skin. In this paper, we developed an approach based on SRS and a polymer-based standard reference for the evaluation of topical product BA and BE in human skin ex vivo. BE assessment of tazarotene-containing formulations was achieved using cPK parameters obtained within different skin microstructures. The establishment of BE between the RLD and an approved generic product was successfully demonstrated. Interestingly, within the constraints of the current study design the results suggest similar BA between the tested gel formulation and the reference cream formulation, despite the differences in the formulation/dosage form. Another formulation containing polyethylene glycol as the vehicle was demonstrated to be not bioequivalent to the RLD. Compared to using the SRS approach without a standard reference, the developed approach enabled more consistent and reproducible results, which is crucial in BE assessment. The abundant information from the developed approach can help to systematically identify key areas of study design that will enable a better comparison of topical products and support an assessment of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Iliopoulos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA
| | - Dandan Tu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring 20993, MD, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring 20993, MD, USA
| | - Sam G Raney
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring 20993, MD, USA
| | - Elena Rantou
- Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring 20993, MD, USA
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown 02129, MA, USA.
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2
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Amini E, Berger SM, Schilling U, Jiao Y, Chen MJ, Bachhav S, Baumstein SM, Tang Y, Al-Humiari M, Leon Astudillo CE, Drescher S, Iley T, Shur J, Price R, Carrasco C, Conti DS, Delvadia R, Oguntimein O, Witzmann K, Absar M, Luke MC, Boc S, Dhapare S, Saluja B, Bielski E, Newman B, Bulitta JB, Hochhaus G. Sensitivity of Pharmacokinetics to Differences in the Particle Size Distribution for Formulations of Locally Acting Mometasone Furoate Suspension-Based Nasal Sprays. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5690-5700. [PMID: 37773975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess bioequivalence of locally acting suspension-based nasal sprays, the U.S. FDA currently recommends a weight-of-evidence approach. In addition to in vitro and human pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, this includes a comparative clinical endpoint study to ensure equivalent bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at the site of action. The present study aimed to assess, within an in vitro/in vivo correlation paradigm, whether PK studies and dissolution kinetics are sensitive to differences in drug particle size for a locally acting suspension-based nasal spray product. Two investigational suspension-based nasal formulations of mometasone furoate (MF-I and MF-II; delivered dose: 180 μg) differed in API particle size and were compared in a single-center, double-blind, single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover PK study in 44 healthy subjects with oral charcoal block. Morphology-directed Raman spectroscopy yielded volume median diameters of 3.17 μm for MF-I and 5.50 μm for MF-II, and dissolution studies showed that MF-II had a slower dissolution profile than MF-I. The formulation with larger API particles (MF-II) showed a 45% smaller Cmax and 45% smaller AUC0-inf compared to those of MF-I. Systemic bioavailability of MF-I (2.20%) and MF-II (1.18%) correlated well with the dissolution kinetics, with the faster dissolving formulation yielding the higher bioavailability. This agreement between pharmacokinetics and dissolution kinetics cross-validated both methods and supported their use in assessing potential differences in slowly dissolving suspension-based nasal spray products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Simon M Berger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Uta Schilling
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Mong-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Sagar Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Sandra M Baumstein
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Yufei Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Mohammed Al-Humiari
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carmen E Leon Astudillo
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Stefanie Drescher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Teresa Iley
- Intertek Melbourn, Melbourn Herts SG8 6DN, UK
| | - Jagdeep Shur
- Nanopharm Ltd, an Aptar Pharma Company, Cavendish House, Newport, NP10 8FY, UK
| | - Robert Price
- Nanopharm Ltd, an Aptar Pharma Company, Cavendish House, Newport, NP10 8FY, UK
| | | | - Denise S Conti
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Renishkumar Delvadia
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Oluwamurewa Oguntimein
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Kimberly Witzmann
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Mohammad Absar
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Markham C Luke
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Susan Boc
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bhawana Saluja
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bryan Newman
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jürgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Günther Hochhaus
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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3
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Walenga RL, Butler C, Craven BA, Longest PW, Mohamed R, Newman B, Olsson B, Hochhaus G, Li BV, Luke MC, Zhao L, Przekwas A, Lionberger R. Mechanistic Modeling of Generic Orally Inhaled Drug Products (
OIDPs
): A Workshop Summary Report. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 12:560-574. [DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross L. Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Clare Butler
- Teva Pharmaceuticals Ireland, Inhaled Drug Product Research and Development Division, Waterford Industrial Park, Unit 301 Waterford Ireland
| | - Brent A. Craven
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | - Raja Mohamed
- Clinical Development, Sandoz Development Center India
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | - Günther Hochhaus
- University of Florida Department of Pharmaceutics Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Bing V. Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Markham C. Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | | | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland USA
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4
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Newman B, Babiskin A, Bielski E, Boc S, Dhapare S, Fang L, Feibus K, Kaviratna A, Li BV, Luke MC, Ma T, Spagnola M, Walenga RL, Wang Z, Zhao L, El-Gendy N, Bertha CM, Abd El-Shafy M, Gaglani DK. Scientific and regulatory activities initiated by the U.S. Food and drug administration to foster approvals of generic dry powder inhalers: Bioequivalence perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114526. [PMID: 36067967 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science for generic dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in the United States (U.S.) has evolved over the last decade. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the draft product-specific guidance (PSG) for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder. This was the first PSG for a DPI available in the U.S., which provided details on a weight-of-evidence approach for establishing bioequivalence (BE). A variety of research activities including in vivo and in vitro studies were used to support these recommendations, which have led to the first approval of a generic DPI in the U.S. for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder in January of 2019. This review describes the scientific and regulatory activities that have been initiated by FDA to support the current BE recommendations for DPIs that led to the first generic DPI approvals, as well as research with novel in vitro and in silico methods that may potentially facilitate generic DPI development and approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Boc
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine Feibus
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing V Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tian Ma
- Division of Bioequivalence I, Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Spagnola
- Division of Clinical Safety and Surveillance, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nashwa El-Gendy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig M Bertha
- Division of New Drug Products II, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammed Abd El-Shafy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dhaval K Gaglani
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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5
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El-Gendy N, Bertha CM, Abd El-Shafy M, Gaglani DK, Babiskin A, Bielski E, Boc S, Dhapare S, Fang L, Feibus K, Kaviratna A, Li BV, Luke MC, Ma T, Newman B, Spagnola M, Walenga RL, Zhao L. Scientific and regulatory activities initiated by the U.S. food and drug administration to foster approvals of generic dry powder inhalers: Quality perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114519. [PMID: 36038083 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science for generic dry powder inhalation products worldwide has evolved over the last decade. The revised draft guidance Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Products - Quality Considerations [1] (Revision 1, April 2018) that FDA issued summarizes product considerations and potential critical quality attributes (CQAs). This guidance emphasizes the need to apply the principles of quality by design (QbD) and elements of pharmaceutical development discussed in the International Conference for Harmonisation of (ICH) guidelines. Research studies related to quality were used to support guidance recommendations, which preceded the first approval of a generic DPI product in the U.S. This review outlines scientific and regulatory hurdles that need to be surmounted to successfully bring a generic DPI to the market. The goal of this review focuses on relevant issues and various challenges pertaining to CMC topics of the generic DPI quality attributes. Furthermore, this review provides recommendations to abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) applicants to expedite generic approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Gendy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Craig M Bertha
- Division of New Drug Products II, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Abd El-Shafy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dhaval K Gaglani
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Susan Boc
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katharine Feibus
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bing V Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tian Ma
- Division of Bioequivalence I, Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael Spagnola
- Division of Clinical Safety and Surveillance, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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6
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Luke MC. Food and Drug Administration’s Role in Dermatology. Dermatol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(22)00028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Ghosh P, Raney SG, Luke MC. How Does the Food and Drug Administration Approve Topical Generic Drugs Applied to the Skin? Dermatol Clin 2022; 40:279-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Luke MC. The US Food and Drug Administration’s Intersection with Dermatology. Dermatol Clin 2022. [PMCID: PMC9381019 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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9
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Lee J, Feng K, Conti DS, Walenga R, Wientjes M, Wang H, Newman B, Han L, Dhapare S, Bielski E, Babiskin A, Wu F, Donnelly M, Kim M, Jiang W, Luke MC, Fang L, Zhao L. Considerations for the Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV
1
)‐Based Comparative Clinical Endpoint Bioequivalence Studies for Orally Inhaled Drug Products. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:982-989. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Kairui Feng
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Denise S. Conti
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Ross Walenga
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Michael Wientjes
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Hezhen Wang
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Liangfeng Han
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Mark Donnelly
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Myong‐Jin Kim
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Markham C. Luke
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Office of Research and Standards Office of Generic Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring Maryland 20993 USA
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Wang Z, Ahluwalia SK, Newman B, Dhapare S, Zhao L, Luke MC. Medication Cost-Savings and Utilization of Generic Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) and Long-Acting Beta-Agonist (LABA) Drug Products in the USA. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:346-357. [PMID: 35118630 PMCID: PMC8812951 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-021-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the USA, drug costs associated with the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long acting β agonist (LABA) combination products have been increasing since 2001. In January 2019, the first generic ICS/LABA drug product was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. METHODS We investigated retrospectively the effects of the first approved generic ICS/LABA drug from 2019 to 2020 on the wholesale cost-savings and prescription dispensing using the IQVIA data system in the USA. RESULTS The marketing of the first generic for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate dry powder inhaler was associated with $941 million in drug cost-savings during the first year for this class of medications. Although the brand-name drug manufacturer concurrently introduced its authorized generic, these cost-savings were driven by the averaged unit cost of the approved generic at $115, compared to $169 for the authorized generic and $334 for the branded product. Generic initiation and substitution with the first generic were, respectively, higher compared to those with authorized generics; however, overall dispensing of the first generic was lower than that of its branded product. As in the case of budesonide and formoterol fumarate dry powder inhaler, marketing of authorized generics alone was not associated with any noticeable change in sales or prescription cost-saving. CONCLUSION We estimated that more than 20% of prescription cost-saving was achieved for the ICS/LABA dry powder inhalers in the first year following the introduction of the first approved generic, even though generic utilization remained lower than that of the branded counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sharon K Ahluwalia
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I (DTP1), Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), White Oak Campus, Building 75, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I (DTP1), Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), White Oak Campus, Building 75, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I (DTP1), Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), White Oak Campus, Building 75, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling (DQMM), Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I (DTP1), Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), White Oak Campus, Building 75, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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Abstract
Glucagon for Injection (NDA 020928) is a polypeptide hormone identical to human glucagon approved 20 years ago for severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. On Dec 28, 2020, the U.S. FDA approved the first generic version of glucagon for injection USP, 1 mg/vial packaged in an emergency kit. The generic and the reference listed drug (RLD) version, i.e., the innovator version, of glucagon were each produced through different manufacturing processes. The RLD version of glucagon is produced via recombinant DNA in yeast while the generic version of glucagon is produced by peptide synthesis. The FDA published its current thinking on how to ensure sameness between the generic and innovator peptide products prepared with different manufacturing processes in a Draft Guidance for Industry: Submission of Abbreviated New Drug Applications for Certain Highly Purified Synthetic Peptide Drug Products, which applies to five peptide drug products, including glucagon. In this presentation, we aim to provide an overview of the regulatory recommendations for submitting generic glucagon drug products for approval, as outlined in the aforementioned draft guidance. Although glucagon may be produced using different manufacturing processes, the sameness in glucagon can be adequately demonstrated using analytical methods, which involve demonstrating physicochemical properties, as well as primary and secondary structures, oligomers and aggregation states. Biological assays may also be used as part of the demonstration of active pharmaceutical ingredient sameness. Synthetic glucagon may have different impurity profiles when compared to the RLD recombinant product. As part of the ANDA review, impurities in the synthetic drugs are analyzed and controlled, in addition, the potential immunogenicity of new impurities, which are not in the RLD products, are assessed and compared using non-clinical assays. In this work, we will discuss non-clinical assays for assessing the immunogenicity risk of these impurities, for both adaptive and innate immune responses. In conclusion, the sameness of an approved generic synthetic glucagon to an RLD can be adequately established through various analytical methods and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pang
- FDA CDER OGD Division of Therapeutic Performance, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Markham C Luke
- FDA CDER OGD Division of Therapeutic Performance, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Abstract
New, brand-name, ophthalmology drug products are developed, investigated, and submitted for marketing approval through premarket interactions with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These drug applications for novel drugs are reviewed by FDA for safety and effectiveness before being allowed on the market. Many brand-name drugs are allowed a period of marketing exclusivity and/or have patent protections that can delay generic competition. When these exclusivity periods or patents expire or are challenged (in the case of patents), generic competitors may then market equivalent products, as allowed by U.S. law (eg, Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, often referred to as "the Hatch-Waxman Act"). To be approved as a therapeutic equivalent, a generic product must demonstrate that it is both pharmaceutically equivalent and bioequivalent to the brand-name drug product, which can involve innovative analytical methods and study designs. To facilitate generic drug assessment and approval, the FDA has negotiated the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA) program that funds a rigorous generic drug development program that includes pre-Abbreviated New Drug Application (pre-ANDA) correspondence and meetings, targeted bioequivalence research, and publication of product-specific guidances (PSGs) to support generic drug research and development for manufacturers interested in developing generic drugs for the U.S. market. FDA's regulatory practices include the monitoring of quality and postapproval adverse events of all marketed products, including those for use in and around the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Luke MC. From Pharmacology Research, to Pharmacology Regulation, and Back-as Inspired by the Teachings of Dr. Gavril Pasternak. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:835-837. [PMID: 32323151 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Gavril Pasternak, M.D., Ph.D. was an inspiration to many of his students, including myself. It was with great sadness that I learned about the passing of Dr. Gavril Pasternak in February 2019 after his brief battle with pancreatic cancer. I worked with Dr. Pasternak while I was an undergraduate chemistry student and as one of his technicians, collaborating with Dr. Charles Inturrisi and Dr. Eliot F. Hahn on opiate agonists and antagonists for opioid receptor subtypes. Dr. Pasternak inspired me and set me on the road to a career in pharmacology and encouraged me to pursue the fruitful paradigm of moving therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Kwa MC, Tegtmeyer K, Welty LJ, Raney SG, Luke MC, Xu S, Kong B. The relationship between the number of available therapeutic options and government payer (medicare part D) spending on topical drug products. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:559-565. [PMID: 32055932 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cost of prescription drugs has increased at rates far exceeding general inflation in recent history, with topical drugs increasing at a disproportionate rate compared to other routes of administration. We assessed the relationship between net changes in the number of therapeutic options, defined as any approved drug or therapeutic equivalent on the market, and prescription topical drug spending. Drugs were divided based on the category of use through pairing of Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug products databases. Across drug classes, we modeled the log of the ratio of total spending per unit in 2015 to total spending per unit in 2011 as a linear function of net number of topical therapeutic options over this time period. Primary outcomes include total Medicaid Part D spending on topical drugs and net change in the number of available therapeutic options within each category of use. Total spending on topical drugs increased by 61%, while the number of units dispensed increased by only 18% from 2011-2015. The greatest total spending increases were in categories with few new therapeutic options, such as topical corticosteroid and antifungal medications. Each net additional therapeutic option during 2011-2015 was associated with an reduction in how much relative spending per unit increased (95% CI 2.5%-14.4%, p = 0.013). Stimulating greater competition through increasing the net number of therapeutic options within each major topical category of use may place downward pressure on topical prescription drug spending under medicare Part D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kwa
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2701 Patrio Blvd, Glenview, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle Tegtmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2701 Patrio Blvd, Glenview, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leah J Welty
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sam G Raney
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2701 Patrio Blvd, Glenview, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Betty Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2701 Patrio Blvd, Glenview, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Raney SG, Luke MC. A new paradigm for topical generic drug products: Impact on therapeutic access. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:1570-1571. [PMID: 32032691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam G Raney
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey L Morris
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markham C Luke
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Frank M Perna
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Luke MC. Donald S. Coffey, the Brady Long Rifles, and the war on prostate cancer. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2018; 6:23-25. [PMID: 29666827 PMCID: PMC5902717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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Luke MC, Darling TN, Hsu R, Summers RM, Smith JA, Solomon BI, Thomas GR, Yancey KB. Mucosal morbidity in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135:954-9. [PMID: 10456345 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.135.8.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an acquired inflammatory and/or dermolytic subepidermal blistering disease characterized by IgG autoantibodies to type VII collagen. Four patients with documented epidermolysis bullosa acquisita were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team of care providers (4 dermatologists, an ophthalmologist, a radiologist, a voice and speech specialist, and an otolaryngologist) for 1 to 5 years to characterize mucosal involvement and its complications and response to treatment. Patients were evaluated clinically and by slitlamp examinations, endoscopies, computed tomographic scans, and videofluorographic swallowing studies. Spiral computed tomographic scans for virtual endoscopy were used for the nontraumatic evaluation of airways in 2 patients with respiratory tract compromise. OBSERVATIONS Involvement of 5 or more mucosal sites--mouth, nose, conjunctiva, pharynx, and larynx--was documented in all patients. Complications included ankyloglossia, periodontal disease, scarring and crusting of nasal mucosa, symblepharon formation, obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts, deformation of the epiglottis, impaired phonation, dysphagia, esophageal strictures, and supraglottic stenosis requiring emergency tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita may extensively (or predominantly) affect mucosal epithelia in a manner resembling cicatricial pemphigoid. Mucosal disease in these patients is often subclinical, can lead to serious complications, and is best managed using a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Luke
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
In a patient with Hurler-Scheie syndrome, a type of mucopolysaccharidosis (I H/S), an initial presentation was grouped papules on the extensor surfaces on the upper portions of the arms and legs. Other physical findings included progressive flexion contractures and mild developmental delay. The patient had deficient alpha-L-induronidase activity, and electron microscopy showed large cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes, consistent with Hurler-Scheie syndrome. Findings of grouped papules have not been previously reported in patients with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schiro
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Bruyneel-Rapp F, Mallory SB, Luke MC. What syndrome is this? Kindler syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 1996; 13:427-9. [PMID: 8893246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1996.tb00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Bruyneel-Rapp
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Luke MC, Coffey DS. Human androgen receptor binding to the androgen response element of prostate specific antigen. J Androl 1994; 15:41-51. [PMID: 7514587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the in vitro interaction of the human androgen receptor with a putative androgen response element (ARE) in the promoter region of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene. To characterize the androgen receptor's interactions with its DNA response elements we expressed the full length human androgen receptor protein in a baculovirus expression system. The receptor was shown to be 110 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and was purified using ion-exchange column chromatography. Binding of the synthetic androgen R1881 to the unpurified recombinant receptor exhibited a kd of 7.6 nM by Scatchard analysis. In DNA gel electromobility shift assays the promoter region from PSA (a 313-bp fragment) was bound by the unpurified recombinant androgen receptor in a sequence-specific manner. An ARE-containing sequence from the promoter region of the PSA gene was synthesized as a 30-bp oligonucleotide and was shown to bind specifically to the human androgen receptor in gel electromobility shift assays by DNA competition and by antibody supershifts of the receptor-ARE complex. The specific binding of the insect cell expressed androgen receptor to its ARE was shown to occur even in the absence of androgen. Androgen receptors purified by ion-exchange chromatography were unable to bind to ARE, suggesting the presence of other factors required for DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Luke
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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Abstract
We have synthesized a series of hydrazones and acylhydrazones of naltrexone. These substitutions had modest effects on competition of mu binding but many greatly enhanced the relative potency of the compounds for delta receptors. Increased delta affinity was most prominent with the acylhydrazones. Many of the derivatives elicited a wash-resistant inhibition of binding which was restricted to mu, not delta, binding sites. This wash-resistant inhibition of binding did not correlate with affinity, as determined by IC50 values, implying that the inhibition could not be explained simply by slow rate of dissociation due to increased affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Luke
- Cotzias Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Abstract
Chronic treatment with opioid antagonists increases the potency of opioid agonists and produces an increase in brain opioid binding sites. In the present study, 8 day treatment with naltrexone blocked morphine and DADLE analgesia for the entire treatment period and increased mu 1, mu 2 and delta opioid receptor binding sites in mouse brain. mu 1 and mu 2 binding were increased by 81 and 67%, respectively, while delta binding was increased by 31%. Consistent with these binding changes, the potency of ICV morphine to produce analgesia was increased by over 3-fold, while the potency of ICV DADLE was increased by only 1.7. These findings indicate that relative increases in opioid receptor subtypes agree with pharmacodynamic studies on potency changes of opioid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yoburn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439
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