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Yuan H, Xie M, Chen J, Hu N, Wang H, Tan B, Shi L, Zhang S. Combined intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effect of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) to utilize Chlorella sorokiniana. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:203-219. [PMID: 39281052 PMCID: PMC11401160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Aiming to investigate the impact of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to utilize Chlorella sorokiniana (CHL), a 3 × 2 factorial design stocking experiment was used in this study. Specifically, shrimp was fed with two dietary protein sources (fishmeal [FM] and CHL) at low (LSD; 100 per m3), medium (MSD; 200 per m3) and high (HSD; 300 per m3) stocking densities for 8 weeks. The growth performance and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.0 × 107 CFU/mL) of shrimp decreased with the increase of stocking density, but dietary CHL improved this result. Differences between the CHL and FM groups for V. parahaemolyticus resistance were significant only under high-density conditions (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between stocking density and protein source were found on the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenol oxidase (PO), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas and the activities of intestinal amylase, most of which were significantly different between CHL and FM groups only at high stocking density (P < 0.05). Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that dietary CHL increased the alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota, inhibited the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Transcriptomic results showed that at high stocking densities, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the FM vs CHL group were mostly upregulated and primarily enriched in immune and metabolic related pathways including Toll, immune deficiency (Imd) and glycolysis-gluconeogenesis pathways. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the top ten intestinal bacteria at the genus level and markedly enriched DEGs, also more were detected under high density situations. In conclusion, CHL has great potential as a novel protein source in the intensive farming of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minghua Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Naijie Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Honming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Gao Z, Li X, Meng R, Wu X, Ding J, Shen W, Zhu J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes macrophage functional activities in protecting hypoxia-tolerant large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1410082. [PMID: 39156889 PMCID: PMC11327042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system requires a high energy expenditure to resist pathogen invasion. Macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet these energy requirements and immunologic activity and polarize to M1-type macrophages. Understanding the metabolic pathway switching in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and whether this switching affects immunity is helpful in explaining the stronger immunity of hypoxia-tolerant L. crocea. In this study, transcript levels of glycolytic pathway genes (Glut1 and Pdk1), mRNA levels or enzyme activities of glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)], aerobic respiratory enzymes [pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)], metabolites [lactic acid (LA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)], levels of bactericidal products [reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO)], and transcripts and level changes of inflammatory factors [IL1β, TNFα, and interferon (IFN) γ] were detected in LPS-stimulated L. crocea head kidney macrophages. We showed that glycolysis was significantly induced, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was inhibited, and metabolic reprogramming occurred, showing the Warburg effect when immune cells were activated. To determine the potential regulatory mechanism behind these changes, LcHIF-1α was detected and found to be significantly induced and transferred to the nucleus after LPS stimulation. LcHif-1α interference led to a significant reduction in glycolytic pathway gene transcript expression, enzyme activity, metabolites, bactericidal substances, and inflammatory factor levels; a significant increase in the aerobic respiration enzymes; and decreased migration, invasion, and phagocytosis. Further ultrastructural observation by electron microscopy showed that fewer microspheres contained phagocytes and that more cells were damaged after LcHif-1α interference. LcHif-1α overexpression L. crocea head kidney macrophages showed the opposite trend, and promoter activities of Ldha and Il1β were significantly enhanced after LcHif-1α overexpression in HEK293T cells. Our data showed that LcHIF-1α acted as a metabolic switch in L. crocea macrophages and was important in polarization. Hypoxia-tolerant L. crocea head kidney showed a stronger Warburg effect and inhibited the TCA cycle, higher metabolites, and bactericidal substance levels. These results collectively revealed that LcHif-1α may promote the functional activities of head kidney macrophages in protecting hypoxia-tolerant L. crocea from Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - XuJie Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Xiang Y, Duan X, Shao Y, Sun L. NEDD4 activates mitophagy by interacting with LC3 to restrain reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in Apostichopus japonicus challenged with Vibrio splendidus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109037. [PMID: 37640120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, plays a crucial role in the survival of coelomocytes in Apostichopus japonicus following Vibrio splendidus infection by suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuating cell apoptosis. A recent study revealed that reducing the expression of the neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4 (NEDD4), an enzyme 3 (E3) ubiquitin ligase, significantly affects mitochondrial degradation. Prior to the present study, the functional role of NEDD4 in marine invertebrates was largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the role of NEDD4 in the activation of mitophagy, modulation of ROS levels, and induction of apoptosis in A. japonicus infected with V. splendidus. The results demonstrated that V. splendidus infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge significantly increased the mRNA levels of NEDD4 in A. japonicus coelomocytes, which was consistent with changes in mitophagy under the same conditions. Knockdown of AjNEDD4 using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) impaired mitophagy and caused accumulation of damaged mitochondria, as observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, AjNEDD4 was localized to the mitochondria in both coelomocytes and HEK293T cells. Simultaneously, coelomocytes were treated with the inhibitor indole-3-carbinol (I3C) to confirm the regulatory role of AjNEDD4 in mitophagy. The accumulation of AjNEDD4 in the mitochondria and the level of mitophagy decreased. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that AjNEDD4 interacts directly with the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), a key regulator of autophagy and mitophagy, indicating its involvement in the mitophagy pathway. Moreover, AjNEDD4 interference hindered the interaction between AjNEDD4 and LC3, thereby impairing the engulfment and subsequent clearance of damaged mitochondria. Finally, AjNEDD4 interference led to a significant increase in intracellular ROS levels, followed by increased apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that NEDD4 acts as a crucial regulator of mitophagy in A. japonicus and plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis following V. splendidus infection. NEDD4 suppresses ROS production and subsequent apoptosis by promoting mitophagy, thereby safeguarding the survival of A. japonicus under pathogenic conditions. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying NEDD4-mediated mitophagy may provide valuable insights into the development of novel strategies for disease control in aquaculture farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xuemei Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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You M, Sun L, Li C, Zhu S. ATGL-mediated lipophagy balances cholesterol-induced inflammation in pathogen infected Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108863. [PMID: 37277050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism can be dynamically altered in response to pathogen infection that ensure proper macrophage inflammatory function in mammals. However, it is unclear whether the dynamic between cholesterol accumulation and breakdown could induce or suppress inflammation in aquatic animal. Here, we aimed to investigate the cholesterol metabolic response to LPS stimulation in coelomocytes of Apostichopus japonicus, and to elucidate the mechanism of lipophagy in regulating cholesterol-related inflammation. LPS stimulation significantly increased intracellular cholesterol levels at early time point (12 h), and the increase in cholesterol levels is associated with AjIL-17 upregulation. Excessive cholesterol in coelomocytes of A. japonicus was rapidly converted to cholesteryl esters (CEs) and stored in lipid droplets (LDs) after 12 h of LPS stimulation and prolonged for 18 h. Then, increased colocalization of LDs with lysosomes was observed at late time point of LPS treatment (24 h), accompanied by elevated expression of AjLC3 and decreased expression of Ajp62. At the same time, the expression of AjABCA1 rapidly increased, suggesting lipophagy induction. Moreover, we demonstrated that AjATGL is required for induction of lipophagy. Inducing lipophagy by AjATGL overexpression attenuated cholesterol-induced AjIL-17 expression. Overall, our study provides evidence that cholesterol metabolic response occurs upon LPS stimulation, which is actively involved in regulating the inflammatory response of coelomocytes. AjATGL-mediated lipophagy is responsible for cholesterol hydrolysis, thereby balancing cholesterol-induced inflammation in the coelomocytes of A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang You
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Yu F, Chen J, Lin J, Zhong Z, Lu Y, Zeng X, Lei X. TLR4 involved in immune response against Vibrio Parahaemolyticus by MyD88-dependent pathway in Crassostrea hongkongensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108591. [PMID: 36746228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a salt-loving gram-negative bacterium, and is the leading cause of mortality in cultured shellfish in recent years. Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is a classical pattern recognition receptor (PRRs) that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of pathogenic microorganism and activates the immune response. However, the function and signal pathway of TLR4 in oyster are still unknown. In this study, a new TLR4 gene was identified from the Crassostrea hongkongensis (C. hongkongensis). The ChTLR4 contained an open reading frame of 2643 bp, encoding 880 amino acids with seven leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and a Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain. The ChTLR4 shared the highest sequence identity (83.0%) with TLR4 of Crassostrea gigas. Tissue expression analysis revealed that ChTLR4 showed the highest constitutive expression in the gill and hepatopancreas, and was significantly upregulated in immune tissues post V. parahaemolyticus infection, especially in gill and hemocytes. Moreover, TLR4 silencing significantly inhibited the immune-enzyme activities, including SOD, CAT, ACP, AKP in gill and LZM in hemolymph supernatant, and increased MDA content in hemolymph supernatant. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activities of the hemolymph supernatant were also significantly inhibited by TLR4 silencing. These data demonstrated that the ChTLR4 involved in innate immune response of C. hongkongensis against V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis showed that ChTLR4 silencing clearly inhibited the expression of genes in TLR4-MyD88 pathway, indicating that MyD88-dependent pathway played a crucial role in ChTLR4-mediated immune response against V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Jinji Lin
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
| | - Xiangrong Zeng
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoya Lei
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Chen C, Guo Z, Shi X, Guo Y, Ma G, Ma J, Yu Q. H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress improves meat tenderness by accelerating glycolysis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway in postmortem bovine muscle. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100466. [PMID: 36225213 PMCID: PMC9550526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) affect meat quality through multiple biochemical pathways. To investigate the effect of ROS on postmortem glycolysis and tenderness of bovine muscle, ROS content, glycolytic potential, glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme activities, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine-threonine kinase (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), and tenderness were determined in the H2O2 group and control group. Results showed that the H2O2 group exhibited significantly higher ROS content within 48 h, coupled with increased glycolytic potential, pH decline, hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase activities (PFK) early postmortem. These were attributed to ROS-induced PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation and resultant HIF-1α accumulation. Moreover, shear force in the H2O2 group reached the peak 12 h earlier and decreased obviously after 24 h, accompanied by a significantly higher myofibril fragmentation index (MFI). These findings suggested that ROS drive HIF-1α accumulation by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby accelerating glycolysis and tenderization of postmortem bovine muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xixiong Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guoyuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jibing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhang Y, Shen W, Ding J, Gao X, Wu X, Zhu J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Head Kidney of Aeromonas hydrophila-infected Hypoxia-tolerant and Normal Large Yellow Croaker. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1039-1054. [PMID: 36129638 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most economically important marine fish on the southeast coast of China and much of its yield is usually lost by hypoxia. To address this problem and lay a foundation for culturing a new strain of large yellow croaker with hypoxia tolerance, our research group screened a hypoxia-tolerant population of L. crocea. Surprisingly, we also found that hypoxia-tolerant population exhibited higher survival when infected with pathogens compared to the normal population during the farming operation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying the higher survival rate of the hypoxia-tolerant population and enrich the head kidney immune mechanism of L. crocea infected with pathogens, we compared and analyzed the head kidney transcriptome of the hypoxia-tolerant and normal individuals under Aeromonas hydrophila infection. We obtained 159.68 GB high-quality reads, of which more than 87.61% were successfully localized to the reference genome of L. crocea. KEGG analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the signaling pathways involving immunity, cell growth and death, transport and catabolism, and metabolism. Among these, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Nod-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome, apoptosis, and OXPHOS pathways were enriched in both groups after infection compared to before, and were enriched in infected tolerant individuals compared to normal individuals. In addition, we found that the expression of hif1α and its downstream genes were higher in the hypoxia-sensitive group of fish than in the normal group. In conclusion, our results showed some signaling pathways and hub genes, which may participate in A. hydrophila defense in the head kidney of two populations, and may contribute to the higher survival rate in the hypoxia-tolerant population. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of the defense mechanism within the head kidney of L. crocea under A. hydrophila infection, and suggest a preliminary hypothesis for why hypoxia-tolerant individuals may exhibit a higher survival rates after infection. Our study provides scientific evidence for the breeding of a new hypoxia-tolerant strain of L. crocea for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Ji C, Liu J, Luo R. Regulatory role of mitochondrial genes in the tenderisation of lamb meat during postmortem ageing. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ji
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan Ningxia 750021 China
| | - Jijuan Liu
- School of Food and Wine Institute Ningxia University Yinchuan Ningxia 750021 China
| | - Ruiming Luo
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan Ningxia 750021 China
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Huang B, Lv Z, Li Y, Li C. Identification and functional characterization of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103835. [PMID: 32841622 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a member of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family, Nramp2 conservatively exists in the cell membrane across species and is essential for normal iron homeostasis in an H+-dependent manner. Withholding available iron represents an important host defense strategy. However, the function of Nramp2 in response to invading pathogens is largely unknown in invertebrates. In this study, a unique echinoderm Nramp2 was identified from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (designated as AjNramp2). The cDNA sequence of AjNramp2 was 2360 bp, with a putative open reading frame of 1713 bp, encoding a typical Nramp domain containing protein with 570 amino acid residues. Structural analysis revealed that AjNramp2 consisted of highly conserved helix regions similar with the human Nramp2. Spatial expression analysis revealed that AjNramp2 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest level found in the intestine. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that AjNramp2 was mainly located in the cellular membrane in coelomocytes. Vibrio splendidus challenge and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation could significantly promote the expression of AjNramp2, which was consistent with the cellular iron level in coelomocytes. Moreover, when the expression of AjNramp2 was knocked down by siRNA-AjNramp2, the cellular iron level was coordinately decreased in coelomocytes under LPS stimulation. Taken together, results indicated that AjNramp2 serves as an iron transport receptor to withhold available iron and may contribute to the nutritional immunity defense system of sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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