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Banerji A, Deshpande R, Elk M, Shoemaker JA, Tettenhorst DR, Bagley M, Santo Domingo JW. Highlighting the promise of qPCR-based environmental monitoring: response of the ribosomal RNA:DNA ratio of calanoid copepods to toxic cyanobacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:411-420. [PMID: 33675450 PMCID: PMC8237716 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calanoid copepods are integral to aquatic food webs and may drive the bioaccumulation of toxins and heavy metals, spread of infectious diseases, and occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater aquatic systems. However, interrelationships between copepod and cyanobacterial population dynamics and ecophysiology remain unclear. Insights into these relationships are important to aquatic resource management, as they may help guide mitigation efforts. We developed a calanoid copepod qPCR assay to investigate how copepod abundance and physiological status relate to the abundance of cyanobacteria and the concentration of total microcystin in a HAB-prone freshwater multi-use eutrophic lake. Through in silico and in vitro validation of primers and analyses of time series, we demonstrate that our assay can be used as a reliable tool for environmental monitoring. Importantly, copepod RNA:DNA ratios on and shortly after the day when microcystin concentration was at its highest within the lake were not significantly lower (or higher) than before or after this period, suggesting that copepods may have been tolerant of microcystin levels observed and capable of perpetuating bloom events by consuming competitors of toxic cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael Elk
- Biology Department, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
| | - Jody A Shoemaker
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dan R Tettenhorst
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark Bagley
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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2
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Wang H, Xia X, Wang Z, Liu R, Muir DCG, Wang WX. Contribution of Dietary Uptake to PAH Bioaccumulation in a Simplified Pelagic Food Chain: Modeling the Influences of Continuous vs Intermittent Feeding in Zooplankton and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1930-1940. [PMID: 33448220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary uptake is important for trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the freshwater pelagic ecosystem. In this study, we hypothesized that both the dietary uptake rate and interval significantly influenced its relative contribution to bioaccumulation. We developed a toxicokinetic model framework for the bioaccumulation of deuterated PAHs (PAHs-d10) in aquatic organisms considering different feeding intervals ranging from none for phytoplankton to approximately continuous for zooplankton to discrete for fish and built a simple artificial freshwater pelagic food chain composed of algae Chlorella vulgaris, zooplankton Daphnia magna, and zebrafish. We conducted bioaccumulation experiments and simulations for Daphnia magna and zebrafish under different algal densities based on our model. The results showed that intermittent feeding led to a large fluctuation in the PAH-d10 concentrations in zebrafish compared to a leveled-off pattern in Daphnia magna because of approximately continuous feeding. Trophic dilution of PAHs-d10 occurred in the food chain when there was waterborne-only uptake, but dietary uptake largely mitigated its extent that depended on dietary uptake rates. The assimilation efficiency, dietary uptake rate, and its relative contribution to bioaccumulation of PAHs-d10 in zebrafish were all higher than those in Daphnia magna, suggesting that dietary uptake played a more important role in bioaccumulation of PAHs at higher trophic-level organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Lv M, Tang X, Zhao Y, Li J, Zhang B, Li L, Jiang Y, Zhao Y. The toxicity, bioaccumulation and debromination of BDE-47 and BDE-209 in Chlorella sp. under multiple exposure modes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138086. [PMID: 32220740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a series of important persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environments. Microalgae are the start of PBDEs bioaccumulated and bioconcentrated along the marine food web. In order to investigate the variations of PBDEs bioaccumulation by microalgae and its influencing factors, we set up a series of experiments with Chlorella sp. under different BDE-47 or BDE-209 exposure modes to measure their toxicity, bioaccumulation and degradation patterns. The inhibition effect on cell growth was much more obvious in BDE-47 than BDE-209, with the EC50 values at 96 h calculated as 64.7 μg L-1 and 4070 μg L-1, respectively. Microalgal uptake rates showed BDE-209 diffused less into cells than BDE-47, with highest measured uptake rates of 0.145 × 10-7 μg h-1 cell-1 and 0.45 × 10-7 μg h-1 cell-1, respectively. The bioaccumulation amount by unit microalgal cell varied with PBDE concentrations and culture time, which appeared to be related to the changes of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cellular neutral lipids under the toxicity of PBDEs. Finally, we found Chlorella sp. delayed the debromination patterns of BDE-209 compared to seawater. This study linked the toxicity, microalgal bioaccumulation and metabolism of PBDEs, provided new insights in the research of POPs by microalgae and marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Lv
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yirong Zhao
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luying Li
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No.17 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Burd B, Lowe C, Morales-Caselles C, Noel M, Ross P, Macdonald T. Uptake and trophic changes in polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the benthic marine food chain in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Facets (Ott) 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the physical and geochemical effects of sediment on the uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into marine sediment feeders and their transfer to higher trophic fauna. Sediment PBDEs increased with % total organic carbon (%TOC), organic carbon (OC) flux and grain size (%fines). Tissue PBDE variance was best explained ( R2 = 0.70) by sediment acid volatile sulfides (AVS), PBDEs, and organic lability and input, with the highest values near wastewater outfalls. Dry weight tissue/sediment PBDEs declined with increasing sediment PBDEs, resulting in tissue dilution (ratio <1) at >10 000 pg/g in harbours. Ratios also decreased with increasing %fines, resulting in regional differences. These patterns imply that high levels of fines and high sediment concentrations make PBDEs less bioavailable. Dry weight PBDEs increased >100× between background deposit feeders and predators (polychaetes, crabs, bottom fish, seal), but lipid normalized PBDEs barely increased (<1.3%), suggesting remarkably high uptake in low-lipid sediment feeders, and that PBDEs don’t accumulate at higher trophic levels, but lipid content does. Filter feeders had lower lipid-normalized PBDEs than deposit feeders, highlighting the importance of food resources in higher trophic fauna for bioaccumulation. The most profound congener change occurred with sediment uptake, with nona/deca-BDEs declining and tetra-hexa-BDEs increasing. Harbour sediment feeders had more deca-BDEs than other samples, suggesting PBDEs mostly pass unmodifed through them. Deca-BDEs persist patchily in all tissues, reflecting variable dependence on sediment/pelagic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Burd
- Ecostat Research Ltd., North Saanich, Vancouver, BC V8L 5P6, Canada
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Chris Lowe
- Capital Regional District, Victoria, BC V8W 2S6, Canada
| | | | - Marie Noel
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Peter Ross
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Tara Macdonald
- Biologica Environmental Services Ltd., Victoria, BC V8T 5H2, Canada
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Guo R, Du Y, Zheng F, Wang J, Wang Z, Ji R, Chen J. Bioaccumulation and elimination of bisphenol a (BPA) in the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the potential for trophic transfer to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:460-467. [PMID: 28494397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation and elimination of 14C-labeled BPA by the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the subsequent transfer of 14C-BPA residues from the contaminated alga to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. After 10 days of BPA exposure, the algal cells accumulated 15% of the initial radioactivity from the medium, with 71% of the accumulated radioactivity occurring in the form of non-extractable bound residues. An approximate steady state of the accumulation of the 14C-BPA residues in the algae was reached after about 4 days of exposure. The bioconcentration factor of total radioactivity in the algae was 106 mL (g dry weight)-1 at steady state. During the elimination phase, only the extractable residues were released from the algae into the water whereas the bound residues, following their ingestion by the rotifers, were converted to extractable forms and then also released. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the biomagnification of BPA-related residues in the food chain between algae and rotifers. The trophic transfer of these BPA-derived residues from the algae to rotifers and thus the environmental hazard may posed by this pathway, because of subsequent effects on the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengzhu Zheng
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Jiangsu Academic of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, 210036, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ji
- Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, 210046, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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Arias AH, Souissi A, Glippa O, Roussin M, Dumoulin D, Net S, Ouddane B, Souissi S. Removal and Biodegradation of Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene by the Marine Algae Rhodomonas baltica Enriched from North Atlantic Coasts. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:392-399. [PMID: 27864583 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the removal, accumulation and degradation of three environmental ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR), by the marine alga Rhodomonas baltica enriched from the English Channel. After separation, purification and culture in several phases, R. baltica was exposed to PAH concentrations that are frequently encountered in the field in several anthropized environments. The results showed that R. baltica can grow under PAH stress, efficiently remove up to 70% of these compounds from the medium by 216 h of culture and selectively bioaccumulate PAHs by their hydrophobicity. Between PHE, FLA and PYR, phenanthrene was the compound with higher degradation rates throughout incubation. The equilibrium partitioning theoretical approach showed that physico-chemical partitioning, rather than active bioconcentration, was the major factor governing the bioaccumulation, outlying a potential application in decontamination processes for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Arias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Área de Oceanografía Química, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000 (Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5), B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química, Area III, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Alem 1253, CP 8000, Bahia Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Anissa Souissi
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Marion Roussin
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - David Dumoulin
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sopheak Net
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
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Wendt I, Backhaus T, Blanck H, Arrhenius Å. The toxicity of the three antifouling biocides DCOIT, TPBP and medetomidine to the marine pelagic copepod Acartia tonsa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:871-879. [PMID: 26984312 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copepods, the largest group of pelagic grazers, are at risk from exposure to antifouling biocides. This study investigated the toxicity of the antifouling biocides 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one (DCOIT), triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP) and 4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (medetomidine) to the copepod Acartia tonsa, using mortality and egg production as endpoints. The toxicity ranking for mortality was as follows: DCOIT (LC50 57 nmol l(-1)) = TPBP (LC50 56 nmol l(-1)) > medetomidine (LC50 241 nmol l(-1)). Egg production was more sensitive than mortality to TPBP (EC50 3.2 nmol l(-1)), while DCOIT and medetomidine inhibited egg production at roughly the same concentrations (72 and 186 nmol l(-1) respectively). Furthermore, TPBP seems to affect egg hatching directly which was not the case for DCOIT and medetomidine. DCOIT and medetomidine might pose an environmental risk as they have been reported to occur in different exposure scenarios or analytical surveys at concentrations only 2-3 times lower than the respective EC10. Reported environmental concentrations of TPBP are few but clearly lower than the EC10 values reported here, suggesting current risk of TPBP to copepods to be moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Wendt
- Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Blanck
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Arrhenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Staniszewska M, Nehring I, Mudrak-Cegiołka S. Changes of concentrations and possibility of accumulation of bisphenol A and alkylphenols, depending on biomass and composition, in zooplankton of the Southern Baltic (Gulf of Gdansk). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:489-501. [PMID: 26970874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The focus of the present study was to find the relationship between concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) in zooplankton and seasonal changes in the composition and biomass of particular zooplankton taxa in the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic) in the years 2011-2012. Assays of BPA, OP and NP in water and zooplankton samples were performed using the HPLC/FL system. High mean concentrations of the studied compounds, determined in spring (405.9 (BPA); 25.7 (OP); 111.2 (NP) ng g(-1) dw), can be linked to the high proportion of meroplankton in that season. Rotifera also had an influence on the rise in concentrations of the studied compounds but to a lesser degree, while the lowest concentrations (determined in summer) can be associated with the high participation of Copepoda and Cladocera in zooplankton biomass. It was also observed that juvenile forms can be more susceptible to accumulating endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). This is indicated by the positive correlation between BPA concentration in zooplankton and the proportion of Copepoda nauplii biomass in spring (r = 0.90; p < 0.05). In most cases, greater zooplankton biomass accumulated higher concentrations and loads of the studied compounds. With biomass growth (to 123.32 μg m(-3)), the bioconcentration factor also rose (to max 46.1·10(3)), demonstrating that unlike typical hydrophobic compounds the studied EDCs do not become "diluted" in zooplankton biomass. The highest BPA concentrations from all compounds may be connected with anthropogenic sources located in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Staniszewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iga Nehring
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Stella Mudrak-Cegiołka
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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Ding J, Lu G, Li S, Nie Y, Liu J. Biological fate and effects of propranolol in an experimental aquatic food chain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:31-39. [PMID: 26057722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic transfer of the β-blocker propranolol (PRP) in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea Daphnia magna and the crucian carp Carassius auratus, as well as the metabolism and effects of PRP in the liver of crucian carp. After a 48 h PRP aqueous exposure for algae, with a subsequent 48 h dietary exposure for daphnia and an 8d dietary exposure for crucian carp, PRP was observed in each trophic level, despite significant bioaccumulation did not occur in daphnia and crucian carp. A portion of the absorbed PRP was metabolized by the crucian carp to N-desisopropylated propranolol, propranolol glucuronic acid, monohydroxylated propranolol, hydroxypropranolol glucuronide and dihydroxypropranolol glucuronide, which were similar to those in mammals. In addition, multiple biomarkers in the liver of crucian carp (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, EROD; 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation, BROD; superoxide dismutase, SOD and malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured. BROD and MDA were not significantly affected by PRP, while EROD and SOD did change significantly during the 8d dietary exposure. This work indicated that the trophic transfer of PRP, resulting in biochemical perturbations of fish biological systems, should be a concern for the assessment of the environmental risks to aquatic food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yang Nie
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Nørregaard RD, Gustavson K, Møller EF, Strand J, Tairova Z, Mosbech A. Ecotoxicological investigation of the effect of accumulation of PAH and possible impact of dispersant in resting high arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:1-11. [PMID: 26253790 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to high lipid content and a slow metabolism, there is a higher risk of bioaccumulation of oil compounds in Arctic than in temperate copepods. There is also a concern that the bioavailability of oil compounds is higher when oil is dispersed with dispersants. The purpose of this project was to increase the knowledge on how the use of dispersants on an oil spill may affect the passive uptake of PAHs in resting high arctic copepods using Calanus hyperboreus as a model organism. To evaluate this, resting high arctic C. hyperboreus were caught in Disko Bay at>250 meters depth, November 2013, and subsequent experimental work was initiated immediately after, at nearby Arctic Station at Disko Island Western Greenland. C. hyperboreus females were incubated in phenanthrene (111, 50 and 10 nM), pyrene (57, 28 and 6 nM) and benzo(a) pyrene (10, 5 and 1 nM) for three days in treatments with and without oil (corn oil) and dispersant (AGMA DR372). After exposure, the highest measured concentrations of respectively phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo(a) pyrene in the copepods were 129, 30 and 6 nmol PAH g female(-1). Results showed that with addition of oil and dispersant to the water, the accumulation of PAH was significantly reduced, due to the deposition of the PAHs in the oil phase, decreasing the available PAHs for copepod uptake. While PAH metabolites and a depuration of the PAHs were observed, the copepods still contained PAHs after 77 days of incubation in clean seawater. Differences of treatments with and without oil and dispersant on the egg production were not statistically conclusive, although it is the most likely an effect of the highly variable day-to-day egg production between individual copepods. Equally, although there was an indication that the addition of dispersant and oil increased the mortality rate, there was no statistical difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eva Friis Møller
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Strand
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zhanna Tairova
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Scanlan LD, Loguinov AV, Teng Q, Antczak P, Dailey KP, Nowinski DT, Kornbluh J, Lin XX, Lachenauer E, Arai A, Douglas NK, Falciani F, Stapleton HM, Vulpe CD. Gene transcription, metabolite and lipid profiling in eco-indicator daphnia magna indicate diverse mechanisms of toxicity by legacy and emerging flame-retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7400-10. [PMID: 25985095 PMCID: PMC4835823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical flame-retardants (FR) in consumer products has steadily increased over the last 30 years. Toxicity data exist for legacy FRs such as pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE), but less is known about effects of new formulations. To address this issue, the toxicity of seven FR chemicals and formulations was assessed on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Acute 48-h nominal LC50 values for penta- and octabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE, octaBDE), Firemaster 550 (FM550), Firemaster BZ-54 (BZ54), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and nonbrominated BEH-TEBP analog bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP) ranged from 0.058 mg/L (pentaBDE) to 3.96 mg/L (octaBDE). mRNA expression, (1)H NMR-based metabolomic and lipidomic profiling at 1/10 LC50 revealed distinct patterns of molecular response for each exposure, suggesting pentaPBDE affects transcription and translation, octaBDE and BEH-TEBP affect glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and BZ54 affects Wnt and Hedgehog signal pathways as well as glycosaminoglycan degradation. Brominated components of FM550 (i.e., BZ54) were significantly higher in Daphnia after 48 h following 1/10 LC50 exposure. FM550 elicited significant mRNA changes at five concentrations across a range from 1/10(6) LC50 to 1/2 LC50. Analyses suggest FM550 impairs nutrient utilization or uptake in Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexandre V. Loguinov
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Quincy Teng
- U.S. EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Philipp Antczak
- University of Liverpool Institute for Integrative Biology, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen P. Dailey
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T. Nowinski
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonah Kornbluh
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xin Xin Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Erica Lachenauer
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Audrey Arai
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nora K. Douglas
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Francesco Falciani
- University of Liverpool Institute for Integrative Biology, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Corresponding Author.
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12
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Spann N, Goedkoop W, Traunspurger W. Phenanthrene bioaccumulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1842-50. [PMID: 25607770 DOI: 10.1021/es504553t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of food to the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and hence toxicity is still an ambiguous issue. It is becoming more and more evident that universal statements cannot be made, but that the relative contribution of food-associated xenobiotics in bioaccumulation depends on species, substance, and environmental conditions. Yet, small-sized benthic or soil animals such as nematodes have largely been disregarded so far. Bioaccumulation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in the absence and presence of bacterial food was measured in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Elimination of phenanthrene in the nematodes was biphasic, suggesting that there was a slowly exchanging pool within the nematodes or that biotransformation of phenanthrene took place. Even with food present, dissolved phenanthrene was still the major contributor to bioaccumulated compound in nematode tissues, whereas the diet only contributed about 9%. Toxicokinetic parameters in the treatment without food were different from the ones of the treatment with bacteria, possibly because nematodes depleted their lipid reserves during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Spann
- Department of Animal Ecology, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Nowicki CJ, van Hees EH, Kashian DR. Comparative effects of sediment versus aqueous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure on benthic and planktonic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:641-647. [PMID: 24464368 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are an environmental concern because of their adverse effects on humans and wildlife, and understanding the contribution of various matrices (i.e., sediment and water) to PCB exposure on aquatic communities is critical for successful remediation of impacted sites. The present study examined the toxicity of different routes of PCB exposure in aquatic invertebrates. In complementary laboratory and field experiments, the authors compared the effects of aqueous versus sedimentary exposure of PCBs on invertebrates. In laboratory bioassays, the planktonic Daphnia pulex and benthic Chironomus dilutus exhibited significant mortality when exposed to PCB-contaminated (1100 µg/g) sediment (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). In field experiments, adult Dreissena bugensis were placed in cages along a depth gradient at a reference site and a PCB-impacted site in St. Clair Shores, Michigan, USA. Mussels experienced significantly greater mortality (p < 0.001) when placed in close proximity to impacted-site sediments compared with reference sediments. After 7 d, 94% of D. bugensis survived at the reference site compared with only 57% surviving at the impacted site. In addition, D. bugensis at the impacted site experienced significantly less mortality at the water surface (p < 0.001) compared to those near the sediment. The present study demonstrates the importance of evaluating toxicity at the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Nowicki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Xia L, Mi T, Yan W, Gao Y, Jiang X, Fawundu E, Hussain J. Application of canonical correspondence analysis to determine the ecological contribution of phytoplankton to PCBs bioaccumulation in Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3091-3103. [PMID: 24197969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and interactions of phytoplankton and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis in autumn in the Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. Concentrations of PCBs in water and algal samples ranged from 33.78 to 144.84 ng/L and from 0.21 to 19.66 ng/L (0.06 to 3.04 ng/mg biomass), respectively. The predominant residual species of PCBs in water samples were tri- through hexachlorobiphenyls, and the predominant residuals in algae were tri-, tetra-, and heptachlorobiphenyls. The degree of eutrophication affected phytoplankton composition and PCB bioaccumulation, and led to sample site- and algal species specificity of PCB residues in the study area. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta had strong capacities to take up PCBs, whereas Cyanophyta was less involved in the transfer of these compounds. Bioaccumulation of PCBs by algae may be affected by water quality, chlorination, phytoplankton composition, and the structure of the PCBs and the algal cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Exploitation on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Tang L, Lei B, Xu G, Ma J, Lei JQ, Jin SQ, Hu GY, Wu MH. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human hair from the college environment: comparison with indoor dust. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:377-381. [PMID: 23873288 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined to examine the hair burden at low concentrations, and the relationship between PBDE concentrations in human hair and indoor dust from a college environment (Shanghai University campus). Chemical analyses showed that the total concentrations of PBDEs in hair ranged from 4.04 to 99 ng/g dw, and were found to be fourfold higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The total PBDEs concentrations in indoor dust samples ranged from 170 to 1,360 ng/g dw. Significantly positive correlations were observed between human hair and indoor dust for BDE 47 (r = 0.44, p = 0.048) and BDE 99 (r = 0.68, p = 0.025). However, no significant association was noted between other PBDE congeners in human hair and indoor dust in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
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16
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Poulsen AH, Landrum PF, Kawaguchi S, Bengtson Nash SM. Dietary exposure of Antarctic krill to p,p'-DDE: uptake kinetics and toxicological sensitivity in a key polar species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 175:92-99. [PMID: 23354157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the dietary uptake kinetics and sublethal toxicity of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in Antarctic krill. The uptake rate constant (characterised by the seawater volume stripped of contaminant sorbed to algae) of 200 ± 0.32 mL g(-1) wet weight h(-1), average absorption efficiency of 86 ± 13% and very low elimination rate constant of 5 × 10(-6) ± 0.0031 h(-1) demonstrate the importance of feeding for p,p'-DDE bioaccumulation in Antarctic krill. Faecal egestion of unabsorbed p,p'-DDE of 8.1 ± 2.7% indicates that this pathway contributes considerably to p,p'-DDE sinking fluxes. A median internal effective concentration (IEC50) of 15 mmol/kg lipid weight for complete immobility indicates baseline toxicity and that Antarctic krill exhibit comparable toxicological sensitivity as temperate species under similar 10 d exposure conditions. These findings support the critical body residue approach and provide insight to the role of Antarctic krill in the biogeochemical cycling of p,p'-DDE in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita H Poulsen
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
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17
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Jensen LK, Honkanen JO, Jæger I, Carroll J. Bioaccumulation of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene in Calanus finmarchicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:225-231. [PMID: 22195760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With petroleum exploration and development expanding in the Arctic (AMAP, 2007) there is a need to obtain additional information on the ecotoxicology of Arctic organisms. Here we perform 192 h laboratory exposure experiments on the keystone Arctic zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus. We trace the accumulation and depuration of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using (14)C labeled PAH compounds. Copepods were not fed during the experiment, limiting uptake to diffusion processes alone. The lighter PAH compound, phenanthrene, accumulated rapidly in C. finmarchicus, reaching steady state within 96 h. The heavier PAH compound, B[a]P, accumulated more slowly and steady state was not reached within the 192 h exposure period. As expected, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for B[a]P was higher than for phenanthrene in accordance with a higher octanol/water partition coefficient for B[a]P (log K(ow)=6.04) compared to phenanthrene (log K(ow)=4.53). However, for both compounds, log BCF was lower than log K(ow) that may indicate active biotransformation and excretion of the selected PAH compounds. These findings on the bio-uptake kinetics for petroleum hydrocarbons are essential for evaluating the potential consequences of an oil spill in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kiel Jensen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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18
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Guo F, Wang L, Wang WX. Acute and chronic toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl 126 to Tigriopus japonicus: effects on survival, growth, reproduction, and intrinsic rate of population growth. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:639-645. [PMID: 22189719 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus has a wide geographical distribution and is considered as a suitable model species for the assessment of toxicity of marine pollutants. The aim of the present study was to test the impacts of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) on the growth, development, and reproduction of T. japonicus in two successive generations. We first quantified the 96-h 50% lethal concentration (2.83 mg/L; all reported concentrations are nominal values), the no-observed-effect concentration (0.6 mg/L), and the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC; 1.2 mg/L) of PCB126 in the nauplii. Nauplii were more sensitive than the adults, which still survived at the highest tested PCB126 concentration (8 mg/L). In the chronic toxicity testing, 10 life history traits were quantified for T. japonicus. No obvious effect on any of these traits was observed in the first generation (F0) at tested concentrations (<100 µg/L) lower than the LOEC. During the second generational life-cycle exposure (F1), however, PCB126 had an obvious toxic effect on the reproduction (>1 µg/L) and growth (>0.1 µg/L). Thus, copepods became more sensitive to PCB126 exposure as generations developed. Among the different traits tested, body size was the most sensitive parameter. Reproduction (fecundity, number of clutches, nauplii/clutch) and intrinsic population growth were also significantly impacted by PCB exposure. The survivorship, sex ratio, hatching time, and development were not affected. Environmental risk assessment of contaminants must therefore be based on a long-term multigenerational exposure to provide a realistic measurement of the influences of pollutants on aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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