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Imade O, Ilesanmi BV, Ogunwole GO, Elekofehinti OO, Souza MCO, Barbosa F, Adedire CO, Adeyemi JA. Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol on non-specific immunity, histopathological lesions, and redox balance in African Catfish, clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:480-495. [PMID: 38591921 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2339538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The toxic effects of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) on aquatic organisms are well-established; however, the details regarding the mechanisms underlying the toxicity, especially immunotoxicity are poorly understood. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the histopathologic, oxidative stress and immunotoxic effects attributed to exposure to sublethal concentrations of 2,4-DCP in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/L 2, 4-DCP for 28 days after which blood and head kidney were extracted for the determination of various nonspecific innate immune parameters while the liver was excised for histopathology examination and measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers. Control fish were maintained in water spiked 10 µL/L ethanol, representing the solvent control. A significant increase was noted in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase as well as in levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, with higher adverse effects observed at the highest concentration tested (1.6 mg/L). The total white blood cells (WBC) count was significantly elevated in fish exposed to 2,4-DCP compared to control. Myeloperoxidase content was decreased significantly in fish exposed to 2,4-DCP especially at the highest concentration (1.6 mg/L) compared to controls. The respiratory burst activity did not differ markedly amongst groups. Histopathological lesions noted included edema, leucocyte infiltration, and depletion of hemopoietic tissue in the head kidney of exposed fish. There was significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) but downregulation of major histocompatibility complex 2 (MHC 2) in exposed fish. Data demonstrated that exposure to 2,4-DCP resulted in histopathological lesions, oxidative stress, and compromised immune system in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayimwen Imade
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bobola V Ilesanmi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Germaine O Ogunwole
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola O Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris O Adedire
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baekelandt S, Leroux N, Lambert J, Bernay B, Robert JB, Burattin L, Gérard C, Delierneux C, Cornet V, Kestemont P. Evaluating the toxicity of estetrol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and their combination with drospirenone on zebrafish larvae: A behavioural and proteomic study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106941. [PMID: 38723469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise and compare the toxicity of estetrol (E4) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and their respective mixture with the progestin drospirenone (DRSP) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E4, EE2, DRSP, E4+DRSP, and EE2+DRSP in a fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. A second test examined behavioural responses and, using label-free proteomics, identified changes in protein expression in response to hormonal treatments, across a range of concentrations, including those that are considered to be environmentally relevant. RESULTS In the FET test, no effects were found from E4 at concentrations ≤100 mg/L, while EE2 induced mortality and morphological abnormalities at concentrations of 1-2 mg/L. In the behavioural test, exposure to 30 ng/L EE2 (∼200 × predicted environmental concentration - PEC) resulted in hypoactivity in fish larvae and exposure to 0.3 ng/L EE2 (∼2 × PEC) led to quantitative changes in protein abundance, revealing potential impacts on RNA processing and protein synthesis machinery. Exposure to E4 did not alter behaviour, but several groups of proteins were modulated, mainly at 710 ng/L (∼200 × PEC), including proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. When combined with DRSP, EE2 induced reduced effects on behaviour and proteomic responses, suggesting an antagonistic effect of DRSP. E4+DRSP induced no significant effects on behaviour or proteomic profiles at tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that E4-based combined oral contraceptives present a more favourable environmental profile than EE2-based contraceptives, particularly during the early developmental stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Leroux
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Lambert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Bernay
- University of Caen Basse-Normandie, Proteogen Platform, SFR ICORE 4206, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, CEDEX 14032, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Robert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Laura Burattin
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Céline Gérard
- Estetra SRL, an affiliate company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Estetra SRL, an affiliate company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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Liu H, Wang J, Tao L, Hao Y. Association between DCP levels and kidney stone prevalence in US female adults based on NHANES data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6457. [PMID: 38499640 PMCID: PMC10948765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation between levels of 2,4-DCP(2,4-Dichlorophenol) and 2,5-DCP(2,5-Dichlorophenol) and the prevalence of kidney stones in US female adults. Participants were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, spanning the years 2007-2016. Dose-response curves were analyzed using logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and other statistical methods to evaluate the relationship between 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP levels and the prevalence of kidney stones. The final study included 3220 participants aged over 20 years, with 252 females reporting a history of kidney stones. After accounting for all interfering variables, we found that every 0.1 ug/ml increase in 2.4-DCP correlated with a 1% rise in kidney stone prevalence (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01), whereas the same increase in 2.5-DCP was linked to a 27% growth in prevalence (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.01, 1.61). Sensitivity analysis was performed by triangulating 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP levels. The dose-response curves demonstrated a linear positive relationship between 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP levels and the risk of stone development. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP levels and the prevalence of kidney stones in US female adults. This association is of clinical significance; however, a direct causal relationship cannot be definitively established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City (Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City (Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Lingsong Tao
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City (Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yunwu Hao
- Department of Urology, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China.
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Ferris Pasquini V, Hurtazo H, Quintanilla F, Cruz-Soto M. 2,4-Dichlorophenol Shows Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptor Activity by Altering Male Rat Sexual Behavior. TOXICS 2023; 11:843. [PMID: 37888694 PMCID: PMC10611086 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) have been extensively used worldwide as a treatment to prevent the growth and proliferation of different microorganisms, mainly in the wood and farm industries. Chlorine has been used for water disinfection, and phenol groups are water contaminants; these two groups can react with each other to form species such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). 2,4-DCP is still used as an herbicide in many countries such as Mexico. CPs have been largely analyzed, like bisphenol A, for their probable endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and aquatic animals. We still do not understand whether these endocrine responses can be manifested as an impairment in sexual behavior in rodents. With the present toxicology study, the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP on male sexual behavior were investigated. Sexually naïve male Wistar rats were used to assess the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP. The rats were divided into two groups: one control group and one experimental group that was administered 1.25 mg/day of 2,4-DCP for 45 days. After completing treatment, the male sexual behavior of the rats was evaluated. The results of this investigation demonstrated that 2,4-DCP affected male sexual behavior. A decrease in mount latency, intromission latency, and post ejaculation period compared with the control animals was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferris Pasquini
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
| | - Hector Hurtazo
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
| | - Francisco Quintanilla
- Programa de Gastronomía, Facultad de Filosofía, Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Martha Cruz-Soto
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Querétaro, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (V.F.P.)
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Liu L, Ruan X, Liu H, Fan X, Dong J. Dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Fe/Ni nanoparticles: the pathway and the effect of pH and the Ni mass ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3676-3684. [PMID: 35442165 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2068383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by a nanoscale Fe/Ni material was investigated at room temperature. 2,4-DCP can be removed more quickly by an Fe/Ni material with 2% Ni. Fe/Ni exhibited excellent adsorption and reduction efficiency toward 2,4-DCP in an aqueous solution over a wide range of pH values. The removal rate of 2,4-DCP exceeded 95% in 60 min in the pH range of 3.0-9.0, and more than 75% was dechlorinated to phenol (CA). The degradation pathway of 2,4-DCP was confirmed based on analysis of the intermediate and end products. A portion of 2,4-DCP was first dechlorinated with a chlorine atom to produce 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol, and then dechlorination was performed sequentially to form CA. The other portion of 2,4-DCP was dechlorinated to remove two chlorine atoms simultaneously to generate CA. The investigations are essential to the application of iron-based remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujian Liu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Junji Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ruan
- Department of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Junji Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyuan Fan
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Junji Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Baekelandt S, Leroux N, Burattin L, Gérard C, Delierneux C, Robert JB, Cornet V, Kestemont P. Estetrol has a lower impact than 17α-ethinylestradiol on the reproductive capacity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106505. [PMID: 37058791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic oestrogens are commonly found in aquatic ecosystems. The synthetic oestrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is widely used in oral contraceptives and its ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms have been widely reported. The natural oestrogen estetrol (E4) was recently approved for use in a new combined oral contraceptive and, after therapeutic use, is likely to be found in the aquatic environment. However, its potential effects on non-target species such as fish is unknown. In order to characterize and compare the endocrine disruptive potential of E4 with EE2, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to E4 or EE2 in a fish short-term reproduction assay conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 229. Sexually mature male and female fish were exposed to a range of concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of E4 and EE2, for 21 days. Endpoints included fecundity, fertilization success, gonad histopathology, head/tail vitellogenin concentrations, as well as transcriptional analysis of genes related to ovarian sex steroid hormones synthesis. Our data confirmed the strong impact of EE2 on several parameters including an inhibition of fecundity, an induction of vitellogenin both in male and female fish, an alteration of gonadal structures and the modulation of genes involved in sex steroid hormone synthesis in female fish. In contrast, only few significant effects were observed with E4 with no impact on fecundity. The results suggest that the natural oestrogen, E4, presents a more favorable environmental profile than EE2 and is less likely to affect fish reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Leroux
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Laura Burattin
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Céline Gérard
- Estetra SRL, an affiliated company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Estetra SRL, an affiliated company of Mithra Pharmaceuticals, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Robert
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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Rosen Vollmar AK, Weinberg CR, Baird DD, Wilcox AJ, Calafat AM, Deziel NC, Johnson CH, Jukic AMZ. Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:139-155. [PMID: 36346334 PMCID: PMC10089295 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are urinary phenol concentrations of methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, triclosan, benzophenone-3, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol associated with fecundability and early pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with an increased odds of early pregnancy loss, and higher concentrations of butylparaben and triclosan were associated with an increase in fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Phenols are chemicals with endocrine-disrupting potential found in everyday products. Despite plausible mechanisms of phenol reproductive toxicity, there are inconsistent results across few epidemiologic studies examining phenol exposure and reproductive function in non-fertility treatment populations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Specimens and data were from the North Carolina Early Pregnancy Study prospective cohort of 221 women attempting to conceive naturally from 1982 to 1986. This analysis includes data from 221 participants across 706 menstrual cycles, with 135 live births, 15 clinical miscarriages and 48 early pregnancy losses (before 42 days after the last menstrual period). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants collected daily first-morning urine specimens. For each menstrual cycle, aliquots from three daily specimens across the cycle were pooled within individuals and analyzed for phenol concentrations. To assess sample repeatability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each phenol. We evaluated associations between phenol concentrations from pooled samples and time to pregnancy using discrete-time logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE), and early pregnancy loss using multivariable logistic regression and GEE. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE ICCs for within-person variability across menstrual cycles in pooled phenol concentrations ranged from 0.42 to 0.75. There was an increased odds of early pregnancy loss with 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations although the CIs were wide (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio (OR): 4.79; 95% CI: 1.06, 21.59). There was an increased per-cycle odds of conception at higher concentrations of butylparaben (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.44) and triclosan (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.26) compared to non-detectable concentrations. No associations were observed between these endpoints and concentrations of other phenols examined. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Limitations include the absence of phenol measurements for male partners and a limited sample size, especially for the outcome of early pregnancy loss, which reduced our power to detect associations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study is the first to use repeated pooled measures to summarize phenol exposure and the first to investigate associations with fecundability and early pregnancy loss. Within-person phenol concentration variability underscores the importance of collecting repeated samples for future studies. Exposure misclassification could contribute to differences between the findings of this study and those of other studies, all of which used one urine sample to assess phenol exposure. This study also contributes to the limited literature probing potential associations between environmental exposures and early pregnancy loss, which is a challenging outcome to study as it typically occurs before a pregnancy is clinically recognized. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award number F31ES030594), the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (project numbers ES103333 and ES103086) and a doctoral fellowship at the Yale School of Public Health. The authors declare they have no competing interests to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Rosen Vollmar
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Marie Z Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
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Hu Y, Ma X, Liu R, Mushtaq I, Qi Y, Yuan C, Huang D. 2,4-Dichlorophenol Increases Primordial Germ Cell Numbers via ESR2a-Dependent Pathway in Zebrafish Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13878-13887. [PMID: 36106461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the feminizing effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, the effect of 2,4-DCP on the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs), an indicator for early sex differentiation, remains elusive. In the present study, Tg (piwil1:egfp-UTR nanos3) zebrafish (GFP-labeled PGCs) were treated with 2,4-DCP (10, 20, and 40 μg/L) from 5 to 15 days postfertilization to explore the effect on PGC numbers and to elucidate associated molecular mechanisms. The results showed that 2,4-DCP exposure increased PGC numbers, as evidenced by larger GFP fluorescent areas, upregulated expressions of PGC marker genes (vasa and dnd), and raised the female ratio. Notably, the mRNA level of estrogen receptor 2a (esr2a) was also increased subsequently. Moreover, docking studies revealed stable 2,4-DCP interactions with ESR2a, speculating a role of ESR2a signaling pathway in 2,4-DCP toxicity. Furthermore, in esr2a knockout (esr2a-/-) zebrafish, the effects of 2,4-DCP were considerably minimized, proving the involvement of the ESR2a signaling pathway in the 2,4-DCP-mediated increase in PGC numbers. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and point mutation studies demonstrated that 2,4-DCP-stimulated promoter activity was mediated by estrogen response element (ERE) located in -686/-674 of the vasa promoter and -731/-719 of the dnd promoter. Overall, 2,4-DCP can potentially enhance the expression of vasa and dnd by binding to zebrafish ESR2a, thus leading to increased PGC numbers and subsequent female-biased sex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjian Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Iqra Mushtaq
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Weng X, Liang H, Liu K, Chen J, Fei Q, Liu S, Guo X, Wen L, Wu Y, Nie Z, Jing C. Relationship between urinary dichlorophenols and cognitive function among people over 60 years old from NHANES. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73341-73352. [PMID: 35624369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to dichlorophenols (DCPs) and their precursors might have potential neurotoxicity, which may be related to low cognitive function, but there are few large-scale, representative population data to explore the association between DCP exposure and cognitive function. We aimed to examine the relationship between urinary DCPs and cognitive function in the US older people. A total of 952 participants ≥ 60 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in two cycles (2011-2014) were enrolled. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD W-L), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) were used to assess cognition. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between DCP exposure and cognitive function. A positive association between 2,5-DCP and the risk of bad performance of DSST was observed (P for trend = 0.024) after adjusting for the covariates. Compared to the lowest quartile, OR of DSST for the highest quartile of 2,5-DCP was 1.72 (95%CI:1.03-2.87, P = 0.039). There were no significant associations between DCPs and the other tests. The RCS plot showed an inverted J-shaped relationship between 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, and the DSST score. The inflection points for the curves were found at 1.531 μg/L and 0.230 μg/L, respectively. On the right side of the inflection points, the DSST score dropped sharply. In subgroup analysis, those under 70 years old, smokers, and alcohol drinkers had a higher risk of bad performance in DSST when exposed to 2,5-DCP. The higher concentration of urinary DCPs is associated with a lower score of DSST in the US older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Weng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanzhu Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingmin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Fei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Zhou M, Yao Z, Zhao M, Fang Q, Ji X, Chen H, Zhao Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression Responses of Jarid2b to High-Temperature Treatment in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1719. [PMID: 36292604 PMCID: PMC9602145 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia is a GSD + TE (Genetic Sex Determination + Temperature Effect) fish, and high-temperature treatment during critical thermosensitive periods (TSP) can induce the sex reversal of Nile tilapia genetic females, and brain transcriptomes have revealed the upregulation of Jarid2 (Jumonji and AT-rich domain containing 2) expression after 36 °C high-temperature treatment for 12 days during TSP. It was shown that JARID2 forms a complex with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that catalyzed H3K27me3, which was strongly associated with transcriptional repression. In this study, Jarid2b was cloned and characterized in Nile tilapia, which was highly conserved among the analyzed fish species. The expression of Jarid2b was upregulated in the gonad of 21 dpf XX genetic females after 12-day high-temperature treatment and reached a similar level to that of males. Similar responses to high-temperature treatment also appeared in the brain, heart, liver, muscle, eye, and skin tissues. Interestingly, Jarid2b expression was only in response to high-temperature treatment, and not to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or letrozole treatments; although, these treatments can also induce the sex reversal of genetic Nile tilapia females. Further studies revealed that Jarid2b responded rapidly at the 8th hour after high-temperature treatment. Considering that JARID2 can recruit PRC2 and establish H3K27me3, we speculated that it might be an upstream gene participating in the regulation of Nile tilapia GSD + TE through regulating the H3K27 methylation level at the locus of many sex differentiation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China
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11
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Sheweita SA, El-Dafrawi YA, El-Ghalid OA, Ghoneim AA, Wahid A. Antioxidants (selenium and garlic) alleviated the adverse effects of tramadol on the reproductive system and oxidative stress markers in male rabbits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13958. [PMID: 35978015 PMCID: PMC9385640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol has been used by millions of patients as an analgesic drug to relief the severe pain caused by cancers and other diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of antioxidants (garlic and selenium) against the toxic effects of tramadol on semen characteristics, steroid hormones, the protein expressions of different cytochrome P450 isozymes [CYP 21A2, CYP 19, and 11A1], and on antioxidant enzyme activities in testes of rabbits. Western immunoblotting, spectrophotometric, and histological methods were used in this study. Tramadol (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to male rabbits for up to three months (three times/week), and after pretreatment of rabbits with garlic (800 mg/kg) and/or selenium (1 mg/kg body weight) by 2 h. The present study showed that motilities, semen volumes, morphologies, sperm counts, testosterone, and estrogen levels were significantly decreased after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of tramadol treatment. In addition, the protein expressions of CYP 21A2, CYP 19, and 11A1 were down-regulated in the testes of the tramadol-treated rabbits. On the other hand, pretreatment of rabbits with garlic, selenium, and/or garlic-selenium for 2 h before administration of tramadol restored the downregulated CYP 21A2 and 11A1 to their normal levels after 12 weeks of tramadol treatment. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and levels of glutathione were inhibited in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits. On the other hand, free radical levels were significantly increased in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits for 12 weeks. Interestingly, such changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as free radical levels caused by tramadol were restored to their normal levels in the rabbits pretreated with either selenium, garlic, and/or their combination. Histopathological investigations showed that tramadol caused substantial vacuolization with the presence of damaged immature spermatozoid in the testes. However, selenium and garlic treatments showed an increase in healthy sperm production with normal mitotic and meiotic divisions. The present study illustrated for the first time the mechanisms of low steroid hormone levels in the testes of tramadol-treated rabbits which could be due to the downregulation of CYPs proteins, induction of oxidative stress, and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, the present data showed that such toxic effects of tramadol were attenuated and restored to their normal levels after pretreatment of rabbits with garlic, selenium, and/or their combination. This finding may pave the way for a new approach to reducing the toxicity of tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Sheweita
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O.Box: 960, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. .,Poultry Physiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yassmin A El-Dafrawi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Poultry Physiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama A El-Ghalid
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Medical Research Institute, Alexandra University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Poultry Physiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Ghoneim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Poultry Physiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Poultry Physiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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El-Naggar DA, El-Zalabany LMA, Shahin DA, Attia AM, El-Mosallamy SA. Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:213-220. [PMID: 35859813 PMCID: PMC9289274 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s358571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature. Aim of Study To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed. Results Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Conclusion Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Afaf Mahmoud Attia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt
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13
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Adverse Effects on the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031581. [PMID: 35163501 PMCID: PMC8836273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the health and safety issues of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Long-term exposure to EDCs has serious adverse health effects through both hormone-direct and hormone-indirect ways. Accordingly, some EDCs can be a pathogen and an inducer to the susceptibility of disease, even if they have a very low affinity on the estrogen receptor, or no estrogenic effect. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress recently attracted attention in this research area. Because ER and ER stress could be key regulators of the EDC’s adverse effects, such as the malfunction of the organ, as well as the death, apoptosis, and proliferation of a cell. In this review, we focused on finding evidence which shows that EDCs could be a trigger for ER stress and provide specific examples of EDCs, which are known to cause ER stress currently.
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Tsukazawa KS, Li L, Tse WKF. 2,4-dichlorophenol exposure induces lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species formation in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113133. [PMID: 34971995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is commonly found in the aquatic environment that can be formed by the conversion of triclosan, which is a high production volume endocrine disturbing chemical. The study aims to understand the potential developmental toxicity of 2,4-DCP by using the in vivo zebrafish. We exposed the 2,4-DCP to the zebrafish embryos and collected the samples at several selected developmental stages (70-85% epiboly/10-12 somite/prim-5) for the whole mount in situ hybridization. The staining is used to investigate the ventral patterning, presumptive neural formation, and brain development. Results suggested that the 2,4-DCP exposure (up to 2.5 mg/L) did not affect the tested developmental processes in the survived embryos. Further experiments on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress were carried out at 5 days post fertilization larvae. Results showed the accumulation of oil droplets and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae after the highest dosage exposure (2.5 mg/L). The real-time qPCR results suggested that the alternation of lipid metabolism was due to the reduced mRNA expressions of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (ppar-α) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc); while the suppressed glutathione peroxidase (gpx) mRNA expression was responsible for the induction of the ROS. To conclude, the study provided scientific merits of understanding 2,4-DCP toxicity, and suggested the possible underlying mechanism of the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sunny Tsukazawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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