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Liu Y, Xu Y, Yuan B, Zhu B, Zhang X, Chen J, Li B, Mu W. Bioaccumulation mediated by water solubility leads to differences in the acute toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides to zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02775-7. [PMID: 39026048 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of some organophosphate insecticides is restricted or even banned in paddy fields due to their high toxicity to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study is to elucidate the main pathways and target organs of organophosphate insecticide toxicity to fish exposed via different routes by integrating histopathological and biochemical techniques. Using malathion as the model drug, when the dosage is 20-60 mg/L, the toxicity of whole body and head immersion drugs to zebrafish is much higher than that of trunk immersion drugs. A dose of 21.06-190.44 mg/kg of malathion feed was fed to adult zebrafish. Although the dosage was already high, no obvious toxicity was observed. Therefore, we believe that the drug mainly enters the fish body through the gills. When exposed to a drug solution of 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L, the fish showed significant neurological behavioral abnormalities, and the pathological damage to key organs and brain tissue was the most severe, showing obvious vacuolization and the highest residual amount (8.72-47.78 mg/L). The activity of acetylcholinesterase was the most inhibited (54.69-74.68%). Therefore, brain tissue is the key toxic target organ of malathion in fish. In addition, we compared the bioaccumulation effects of different water-soluble organophosphorus insecticides in fish and their toxic effects. We found that the higher the water solubility of organophosphorus insecticides, the lower their toxicity to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bingjie Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bingyu Zhu
- Rongcheng Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center, Weihai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Shandong Weifang Rainbow Chemical Co., Ltd, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
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Wang Y, Li Z, Ji C, Wang Y, Chu Z, Zhang T, Chen C. Synergistic toxic effects and mechanistic insights of beta-cypermethrin and pyraclostrobin exposure on hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens): A biochemical, transcriptional, and molecular approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124535. [PMID: 39002748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of pesticides results in their frequent detection in aquatic environments, often as complex mixtures, posing risks to aquatic organisms. The hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) serves as a valuable bioindicator for evaluating the impacts of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. However, few studies examined the toxic effects of pesticides on O.bidens, let alone the characterization of the combined effects resulting from their mixtures. This study aims to elucidate the toxic effects of beta-cypermethrin and pyraclostrobin on O.bidens, individually and in combination, focusing on biochemical, transcriptional, and molecular responses. By organizing and analyzing the toxicogenomic databases, both pesticides were identified as a contributor to processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. The acute toxicity test revealed comparable acute toxicity of beta-cypermethrin and pyraclostrobin on O.bidens, with LC50 being 0.019 and 0.027 mg/L, respectively, whereas the LC50 decreased to 0.0057 and 0.0079 mg/L under the combined exposure, indicating potential synergistic effects. The activities of enzymes involved in oxidative stress and detoxification were significantly altered after exposure, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increasing, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. The activity of CYP450s was significantly changed. Likewise, the expression levels of genes (mn-sod, p53, esr, il-8) associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, endocrine and immune systems were significantly increased. Combined exposure to the pesticides significantly exacerbated the aforementioned biological processes in O.bidens. Furthermore, both pesticides can modify protein activity by binding to the surface of SOD molecules and altering protein conformation, contributing to the elevated enzyme activity. Through the investigation of the synergistic toxic effects of pesticides and molecular mechanisms in O.bidens, our findings highlight the importance of assessing the combined effects of pesticide mixtures in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chun Ji
- TongZhou District Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Nantong, 226300, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zunhua Chu
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Chen L, Luo Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Fang N, Wang X, Zhao X, Jiang J. Trifloxystrobin induced developmental toxicity by disturbing the ABC transporters, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140747. [PMID: 38000556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks of trifloxystrobin (TR) have drawn attention because of its multiplex toxicity on aquatic organisms, but few studies have paid close attention to its chronic toxicity at environmental concentrations. In present study, histopathology, metabolomics and transcriptomics were comprehensively performed to investigate the toxic effects and biological responses on adult zebrafish after exposure to 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L TR for 21 d. Results demonstrated long-term exposure of TR affected zebrafish liver, ovary and heart development. Metabolomics revealed 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L TR simultaneously decreased the carbohydrates enriched in glucose metabolism and ABC transporters pathways, such as glycogen, lactose, lactulose, maltose, maltotriose, d-trehalose, while 1 μg/L and 10 μg/L TR significantly increased many metabolites related to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in zebrafish liver. Transcriptomics showed TR activated the transcription of the Abcb4, Abcb5 and Abcb11 involved in ABC transporters, Pck1, Pfk, Hk, Gyg1a and Pygma related to glucose metabolism, as well as the Lpcat1, Lpcat4, Gpat2, Cers and Sgms in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Results further demonstrated high concentration of TR strongly affected the DNA repair system, while low dose of TR caused pronounced effects on cardiomyocytes and oocyte regulation pathways at transcriptional levels. The results indicated the abnormal liver, gonad and heart development caused by TR might be ascribed to the disturbance of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism mediating by the Abcb4, Abcb5 and Abcb11 ABC transporters, and long-term exposure of environmental concentration of TR was sufficient to affect zebrafish normal metabolism and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang X, Luo J, Cao H, Wang A, Zhou F, Liu F, Li B, Mu W, Zhang Y. A multidimensional optimization strategy of pyraclostrobin-loaded microcapsules to improve the selectivity between toxicological risk in zebrafish and efficacy in controlling rice blast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166587. [PMID: 37659543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing microcapsules (MCs) delivery systems can effectively mitigate toxicological risk of highly active/toxic pesticides; whereas the controlled release functions also limiting their practical effectiveness. Therefore, designing a precise regulating strategy to balance the toxicity and bioactivity of MCs is urgently needed. Here, we prepared a series of pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with different wall materials, particle sizes, core density and shell compactness using interfacial polymerization. The results showed that the MCs released more slowly in water with increasing particle sizes and capsule compactness, and they sunk more quickly with the increasing particle sizes and core density. Additionally, MCs with slower release speed was always accompanied with lower acute toxicity levels to zebrafish. When the release dynamics slowed down to the threshold dose on demand for disease control, facilitating settlement of MCs can further reduce toxicity within spatial and temporal dimensions. The poor accumulation of MCs with larger particle sizes or dense shell in gills was closely related to their efficient detoxification. Importantly, seven of the MCs samples possessed superior selectivity between bio-performance in controlling rice blast and toxicological hazard to fish compared to commercial formulations. The results provide a comprehensive guidance for developing an efficient and safe pesticide delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Haichao Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Aiping Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fengyan Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Beixing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China.
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Ahmed AIM, Macirella R, Talarico F, Curcio V, Trotta G, Aiello D, Gharbi N, Mezzasalma M, Brunelli E. Short-term effects of the strobilurin fungicide dimoxystrobin on zebrafish gills: A morpho-functional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138914. [PMID: 37187376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins represent the most widely used class of fungicides nowadays andare considered relatively non-toxic to mammals and birds but highly toxic to aquatic biota. Dimoxystrobin is one of the novel strobilurins, recently included in the 3rd Watch List of the European Commission as available data indicate that it could pose a significant risk to aquatic species. As yet, the number of studies explicitly assessing the impact of this fungicide on terrestrial and aquatic species is extremely low, and the toxic effects of dimoxystrobin on fish have not been reported. Here we investigate for the first time the alterations induced by two environmentally relevant and very low concentrations of dimoxystrobin (6.56 and 13.13 μg/L) in the fish gills. morphological, morphometric, ultrastructural, and functional alterations have been evaluated using zebrafish as a model species. We demonstrated that even short-term exposure (96 h) to dimoxystrobin alters fish gills reducing the surface available for gas exchange and inducing severe alterations encompassing three reaction patterns: circulatory disturbance and both regressive and progressive changes. Furthermore, we revealed that this fungicide impairs the expression of key enzymes involved in osmotic and acid-base regulation (Na+/K+-ATPase and AQP3) and the defensive response against oxidative stress (SOD and CAT). The information presented here highlights the importance of combining data from different analytical methods for evaluating the toxic potential of currently used and new agrochemical compounds. Our results will also contribute to the discussion on the suitability of mandatory ecotoxicological tests on vertebrates before the introduction on the market of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmoiz I M Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Talarico
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vittoria Curcio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Naouel Gharbi
- Fish Biology and Aquaculture Group, Ocean and Environment Department, NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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