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Rohilla S, Goyal G, Berwal P, Mathur N. A Review on Indole-triazole Molecular Hybrids as a Leading Edge in Drug Discovery: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1557-1588. [PMID: 38766822 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266307132240509065351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization is a rational design strategy used to create new ligands or prototypes by identifying and combining specific pharmacophoric subunits from the molecular structures of two or more known bioactive derivatives. Molecular hybridization is a valuable technique in drug discovery, enabling the modulation of unwanted side effects and the creation of potential dual-acting drugs that combine the effects of multiple therapeutic agents. Indole-triazole conjugates have emerged as promising candidates for new drug development. The indole and triazole moieties can be linked through various synthetic strategies, such as click chemistry or other coupling reactions, to generate a library of diverse compounds for biological screening. The achievable structural diversity with indole-triazole conjugates offers avenues to optimize their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes, amplifying their therapeutic efficacy. Researchers have extensively tailored both indole and triazole frameworks with diverse modifications to comprehend their impact on the drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. The current review article endeavours to explore and discuss various research strategies to design indoletriazole hybrids and elucidate their significance in a variety of pathological conditions. The insights provided herein are anticipated to be beneficial for the researchers and will likely encourage further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Paras Berwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nancy Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Han Mİ, İmamoğlu N. Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Tetracaine Hydrazide-Hydrazones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9198-9211. [PMID: 36936335 PMCID: PMC10018687 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetracaine is an ester derivative used as a local anesthetic molecule. In this study, a series of novel Tetracaine derivatives bearing hydrazide-hydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anticancer activity. The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectral (1H NMR,13C NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS analyses) methods. All synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activity against two different human cancer cell lines (Colo-205 and HepG2). Among the synthesized molecules, compounds 2f and 2m showed the most potent anticancer activity against the Colo-205 cell line (IC50 = 50.0 and 20.5 μM, respectively). Compounds 2k, 2p, and 2s demonstrated the best anticancer activity against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 30.5, 35.9, and 20.8 μM, respectively). mRNA transcription levels of Bax and caspase-3 genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of both Colo-205 and HepG2 cell lines. Doxorubicin was used as a positive sensitivity reference standard. qRT-PCR analysis showed that there was a time-dependent rise in the expression levels of Bax and Caspase 3 on apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptotic proteins PI3K, Akt, PTEN, pPTEN, FoXO1, FoXO3a, TXNIP, and p27 was investigated in Colo-205 and HepG2 cells treated with compounds 2f, 2m, 2k, 2p, and 2s by using Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. İhsan Han
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Nalan İmamoğlu
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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Narsale BS, Gadhave AG, Raut KS, Thube DR. One Pot Approach of Novel Xanthan Perchloric Acid Catalyst in Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methane Derivatives via Greener Perspective. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhausaheb S. Narsale
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parner, India
| | - Anil G. Gadhave
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, India
| | - Ketan S. Raut
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parner, India
| | - Dilip R. Thube
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parner, India
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Meshram MA, Bhise UO, Makhal PN, Kaki VR. Synthetically-tailored and nature-derived dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors: Structural aspects and SAR. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113804. [PMID: 34479036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a most complex pathological process that gives birth to different diseases. Different inflammatory mediators are released during an inflammation responsible for acute pain and chronic inflammatory diseases like cancer, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The arachidonic acid pathway, which results in the production of inflammatory mediators, provides several targets for anti-inflammatory intervention. The most popularly used medications for inflammation are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) but it has some limitations, in particular traditional NSAIDs which inhibit the COX pathway non-selectively, producing gastrointestinal side effects, and other adverse effects like stroke and renal failure. On the other hand, selective COX-2 inhibitors commonly known as 'coxibs' produce cardiovascular side effects. Frequent inhibition of either cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzyme switches the metabolism of arachidonic acid from one to another which could lead to serious consequences. Therefore, a need to develop novel, effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents which can inhibit the release of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the respective cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways has emerged. This resulted in the discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents derived from natural and synthetic sources as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. To further contribute towards the discovery in this field, we have attempted to summarize structural features and pharmacological activities of heterocyclic scaffolds and natural products explored as dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors. We have emphasized the designing of the dual inhibitors inspired by the previously reported COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. This outline could render us to identify the best pharmacophores catering to dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity while improving their efficiency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi A Meshram
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Utkarsha O Bhise
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Priyanka N Makhal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Yepes AF, Arias JD, Cardona-G W, Herrera-R A, Moreno G. New class of hybrids based on chalcone and melatonin: a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Taha M, Ismail S, Imran S, Almandil NB, Alomari M, Rahim F, Uddin N, Hayat S, Zaman K, Ibrahim M, Alghanem B, Islam I, Farooq RK, Boudjelal M, Khan KM. Synthesis of new urease enzyme inhibitors as antiulcer drug and computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8232-8247. [PMID: 33860726 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1910072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In search of potent urease inhibitor indole analogues (1-22) were synthesized and evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. All analogues (1-22) showed a variable degree of inhibitory interaction potential having IC50 value ranging between 0.60 ± 0.05 to 30.90 ± 0.90 µM when compared with standard thiourea having IC50 value 21.86 ± 0.90 µM. Among the synthesized analogues, the compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20 and 22 having IC50 value 3.10 ± 0.10, 1.20 ± 0.10, 4.60 ± 0.10, 0.60 ± 0.05, 5.30 ± 0.20, 2.50 ± 0.10, 7.50 ± 0.20, 3.90 ± 0.10, 3.90 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.05 µM respectively were found many fold better than the standard thiourea. All other analogues showed better urease interaction inhibition. Structure activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all analogues containing different substituents on the phenyl ring. To understand the binding interaction of most active analogues with enzyme active site docking study were performed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukinah Ismail
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,College of clinical pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shawkat Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Ibrahim
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alghanem
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadul Islam
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Boudjelal
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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S CJ, A MFB, K K. Vibrational, spectroscopic, chemical reactivity, molecular docking and in vitro anticancer activity studies against A549 lung cancer cell lines of 5-Bromo-indole-3-carboxaldehyde. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2873. [PMID: 33006415 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic investigations are performed for 5-Bromo-1H-indole-carboxaldehyde by using experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman) and theoretical (DFT) calculations. Vibrational assignments of the fundamental modes were assigned on the basis of Potential energy distribution (PED) calculations. Electron Localization Function (ELF) and Local Orbital Localizer (LOL) studies were performed to visualize the electron delocalization in the molecule. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and related molecular properties were computed. The electron-hole distribution of the molecule was also computed using Multiwfn 3.3.9 software to predict the charge transfer within the molecule. The total and partial density of states (TDOS and PDOS) and also the overlap population density of states (OPDOS) spectra were simulated. UV-Vis spectrum of the compound was also recorded. The reactive sites of the compound were studied from the MEP and Fukui function analysis. The charge delocalization and stability of the title molecule were investigated using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The lung cancer activity of the title compound against p53 tumor suppressor proteins was studied using molecular docking analysis. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity of the molecule against human pulmonary lung cancer cell lines (A549) was determined by MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaviyarasu K
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa.,Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MRD), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), Somerset West, South Africa
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Campana R, Mangiaterra G, Tiboni M, Frangipani E, Biavasco F, Lucarini S, Citterio B. A Fluorinated Analogue of Marine Bisindole Alkaloid 2,2-Bis(6-bromo-1 H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine as Potential Anti-Biofilm Agent and Antibiotic Adjuvant Against Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090210. [PMID: 32859056 PMCID: PMC7557854 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections represent a major global healthcare problem. Therapeutic options are often limited by the ability of MRSA strains to grow as biofilms on medical devices, where antibiotic persistence and resistance is positively selected, leading to recurrent and chronic implant-associated infections. One strategy to circumvent these problems is the co-administration of adjuvants, which may prolong the efficacy of antibiotic treatments, by broadening their spectrum and lowering the required dosage. The marine bisindole alkaloid 2,2-bis(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine (1) and its fluorinated analogue (2) were tested for their potential use as antibiotic adjuvants and antibiofilm agents against S. aureus CH 10850 (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA). Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity and bisindole 2 enabled 256-fold reduction (ΣFICs = 0.5) in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin for the clinical MRSA strain. In addition, these molecules inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus strains, and compound 2 showed greater eradicating activity on preformed biofilm compared to 1. None of the tested molecules exerted a viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC) inducing effect at their MIC values. Moreover, both compounds exhibited no hemolytic activity and a good stability in plasma, indicating a non-toxic profile, hence, in particular compound 2, a potential for in vivo applications to restore antibiotic treatment against MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (R.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Gianmarco Mangiaterra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (R.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (R.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Francesca Biavasco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (R.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (B.C.); Tel.: +39-0722-303-333 (S.L.); +39-0722-304-962 (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Citterio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (R.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (B.C.); Tel.: +39-0722-303-333 (S.L.); +39-0722-304-962 (B.C.)
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Kumari A, Singh RK. Medicinal chemistry of indole derivatives: Current to future therapeutic prospectives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103021. [PMID: 31176854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Indole is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold and an outstanding heterocyclic compound with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. It is an superlative moiety in drug discovery with the sole property of resembling different structures of the protein. Plenty of research has been taking place in recent years to synthesize and explore the various therapeutic prospectives of this moiety. This review summarizes some of the recent effective chemical synthesis (2014-2018) for indole ring. This review also emphasized on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores of various indole analogues accountable for anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other miscellaneous activities which have been investigated in the last five years. The precise features with motives and framework of each research topic is introduced for helping the medicinal chemists to understand the perspective of the context in a better way. This review will definitely offer the platform for researchers to strategically design diverse novel indole derivatives having different promising pharmacological activities with reduced toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Dist. Hoshiarpur, 146104 Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126 Punjab, India.
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Campana R, Favi G, Baffone W, Lucarini S. Marine Alkaloid 2,2-Bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) Ethylamine and Its Synthetic Derivatives Inhibit Microbial Biofilms Formation and Disaggregate Developed Biofilms. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020028. [PMID: 30678052 PMCID: PMC6406822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of the marine bisindole alkaloid 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine (1) and related synthetic analogues (compounds 2–8) against target microorganisms was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. Compound 1 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity with the lowest MIC (8 mg/L) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the derivatives exhibited higher MICs values (from 16 to 128 mg/L). Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 8, the most active ones, were then tested against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and Candida albicans during biofilms formation as well as on 24 h developed biofilms. The natural alkaloid 1 inhibited the biofilm formation of all the tested microorganisms up to 82.2% and disaggregated biofilms of E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans after 30 min of contact, as assessed by viable plate count and crystal violet (CV) staining (optical density at 570 nm). Synthetic derivatives 3, 4, and 8 displayed anti-biofilm activity toward individual bacterial populations. This study highlights the potential of marine bisindole alkaloid 1 as anti-biofilm agent and shows, through a preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR), the importance of halogens and ethylamine side chain for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of this bisindole series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Science, Via S. Chiara 27, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 24, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Wally Baffone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Toxicological, Hygiene and Environmental Science, Via S. Chiara 27, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Division of Chemistry, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Danne AB, Choudhari AS, Chakraborty S, Sarkar D, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Triazole-diindolylmethane conjugates as new antitubercular agents: synthesis, bioevaluation, and molecular docking. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1114-1130. [PMID: 30108999 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of novel triazole-incorporated diindolylmethanes (DIMs) using a molecular hybridization approach. The in vitro antitubercular activity of the DIMs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) was tested in the active and dormant state. Among all the synthesized conjugates, the compounds 6b, 6f, 6l, 6n, 6q, 6r, and 6s displayed good antitubercular activity against both the active and dormant Mtb H37Ra strain. The compound 6l exhibited good antitubercular activity against dormant Mtb H37Ra with an IC50 value of 1 μg mL-1 and IC90 (MIC) value of 3 μg mL-1. The compounds 6b, 6l, and 6r displayed good antitubercular activity against active Mtb H37Ra with IC50 values of 2.19, 1.52, and 0.22 μg mL-1, respectively. The compounds 6b, 6h, 6l, and 6s displayed more than 70% inhibition against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilus strain at 3 μg mL-1. The molecular docking study showed the binding modes of the titled compounds in the active site of the DprE1 enzyme and assisted with elucidating a structural basis for the inhibition of Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashruba B Danne
- Department of Chemistry , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad 431 004 , India . ; ; Tel: +(91) 240 2403312
| | - Amit S Choudhari
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Shakti Chakraborty
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center , Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 , India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy , Dhule , Maharashtra 424 001 , India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad 431 004 , India . ; ; Tel: +(91) 240 2403312
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Halawa AH, Bedair AH, El-Agrody AM, Eliwa EM, Frese M, Sewald N, Shaaban M. Synthesis and biological activities of new bis-indole derivatives via microwave irradiation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Three new series of bis-indole derivatives were synthesized based on p-phenylenediamine (2–4, 5 and 6) and 4,4′-ethylenedianiline moieties (7–9) using facile and efficient condensation of three positional isomeric indole-carboxaldehyde derivatives (1a–c) with bifunctional amines upon microwave irradiation. The symmetric dimeric indole derivatives 2–4 as well as non-symmetric analogues 5 and 6 were obtained by in situ condensation of the respective positional 3-, 2- and 5-isomeric indole-carboxaldehydes with p-phenylenediamine, while compounds 7–9 resulted from respective condensation based on 4,4′-ethylenedianiline. Structures of the obtained compounds were deduced by advanced spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). In agar diffusion assay, derivative 6 showed moderate antibacterial activity against various Gram positive and negative bacteria, while derivative 7 displayed moderate activity against several Gram positive bacteria. However, in Resazurin assay employing the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1), derivatives 2–9 turned out to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Halawa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , 11884 Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Bedair
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , 11884 Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , 11884 Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Essam M. Eliwa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , 11884 Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , D-33501 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , D-33501 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , D-33501 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , D-33501 Bielefeld , Germany
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department , Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre , Dokki-Cairo 12622 , Egypt
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Chadha N, Silakari O. Indoles as therapeutics of interest in medicinal chemistry: Bird's eye view. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:159-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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