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Painuly R, Anand V. Examining the Interplay of Hydrolysed Polyacrylamide and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Emulsion Stability: Insights from Turbiscan and Electrocoalescence Studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39119715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is utilized in the oil and gas production industry to extract additional oil from underground reservoirs. In chemically enhanced oil recovery, surfactant and polymeric water are injected separately or in a mixture. Injected fluids can form stable emulsions during oil production. This surfactant, polymer-loaded water-in-oil emulsion, must be separated to treat crude oil and avoid any corrosion or deactivation of catalysts in the refinery. An electrocoalecer technique is utilized to separate the water from the emulsion under the application of an electric field. To improve the efficiency of the EOR and electrocoalescers, it is essential to investigate the impact of surfactants, polymers, and their mixture interaction. In this study, the effects of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)), polymer (hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)), and their mixture with a wide range of concentrations were analyzed using turbiscan, bottle electrocoalecer, interfacial tension (IFT), and conductivity. Our study shows that when SDS was used independently, the viscosity of the dispersed phase did not change. Surprisingly, when SDS was combined with HPAM, the overall viscosity of the dispersed phase mixture decreased. HPAM and SDS contribute to an increase in the conductivity of the dispersed phase. Conductivity, IFT, and viscosity are critical factors in studying electrocoalescence. Our detailed study found that SDS is the primary factor in stabilizing the emulsion compared to HPAM using turbiscan. The electrocoalecer study shows that in the case of a deionized water-based emulsion, the separation efficiency is 98% in 10 min. In contrast, a mixture of HPAM polymer with a concentration of 2000 ppm and SDS with a concentration of 5000 ppm stabilized emulsion shows 84% separation in 10 min. The outcome of this study helps design the electrocoalescer for separating complex water-in-oil emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Painuly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur 342030, India
| | - Vikky Anand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur 342030, India
- Rishabh Centre for Research and Innovation in Clean Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur 342030, India
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2
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Abdullah MS, Al-Lohedan HA, Faqihi NA, Al-Maswari BM. Efficient Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsion Using Novel Sugar-based Surfactant. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32144-32152. [PMID: 39072075 PMCID: PMC11270713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize ecofriendly and low-cost surfactant-based sugar, HA-ST, under mild conditions and a short route via an opening ring of hexadecylsuccinic anhydride (HA) using starch (ST). HA-ST's chemical structure, thermal behavior, and surface activity were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and a pendant drop technique. The results indicated HA-ST formation, thermal stability, and surface activity. HA-ST's green character, low cost, and surface activity recommended its use as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions at different affecting parameters such as temperature, seawater ratio (SR), demulsifier concentration, demulsification time (DT), and pH. HA-ST demulsification efficiency (DE) was evaluated and compared with a commercial demulsifier (CD). The results showed improved HA-ST's DE with rising temperature, SR, demulsifier concentration, DT, and pH. The DE of HAST reached 100% at 50% of SR and 250 ppm of demulsifier concentration; the same results were obtained using CD. In contrast, HA-ST gave relatively lower DE at low SR (10%) with a value of 70% than the obtained using CD with a value of 75%. The green character, low cost, and DE of HA-ST make it suitable for demulsifying crude oil emulsions, especially those containing more than 30% seawater, compared with CD, which commonly contains two or more traditional surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood
M. S. Abdullah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noorah A. Faqihi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Tian Y, He C, He L, Xu Z, Sui H, Li X. Doping heteroatoms to form multiple hydrogen bond sites for enhanced interfacial reconstruction and separations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134477. [PMID: 38703682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial challenges in unconventional oil extraction include heavy oil-water-solid multiphase separation and corrosion inhibition. Herein, a novel strategy based on interfacial hydrogen bonding reconstruction is proposed for constructing multifunctional interfacially active materials (MIAMs) to address multi-interfacial separation needs. A simple one-pot method is applied to successfully synthesize four different MIAM varieties, integrating site groups (-NH2, OSO, -COOH, and Si-O-Si) with multiple hydrogen bonds (HBs) into allyl polyether chains. The results indicate that all synthesized MIAMs excel in demulsification, detergency, and corrosion inhibition simultaneously, even at 25 °C. Their dehydration efficiency for different water-in-oil emulsions (even heavy oil emulsion) surpasses 99.9 % even at 16 °C, showing their excellent energy-saving potential for field applications. Furthermore, they demonstrate effective, nondestructive static cleaning (up to 86 %) of adhered oil from solid surfaces at 25 °C and provide corrosion inhibition effects (up to 92.09 %) on mild steel immersed in saturated brine. Mechanistic tests reveal that incorporating multiple HB sites in MIAMs dramatically enhances their effectiveness in interfacial separations. Based on these findings, an HB-dominated noncovalent interaction reconstruction strategy is tentatively proposed to develop advanced materials for low-carbon, efficient interfacial separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changqing He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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Liu J, Sun C, Lun Z, Li Y, Tang X, Zhang Q, Yang P. Study on the kinetics of formation process of emulsion of heavy oil and its functional group components. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8916. [PMID: 38632310 PMCID: PMC11024184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by in situ formation of oil-in-water emulsion in heavy oil cold production technology has received growing interest from the petroleum industry. We present an experimental study of emulsification of model oils prepared by heavy oil and its functional group compositions dissolved into toluene brought into contact with a surfactant solution. The effects of functional group composition, emulsifier concentration, temperature, pH and stirring speed on the emulsification rate of heavy oil was investigated. A second-order kinetic model characterizing the temporal variation of conductivity during the emulsification has been established. The results show that acidic and amphoteric fractions exhibit higher interfacial activity, larger emulsification rate constant and faster emulsification rate. With the increase of emulsifier concentration, the emulsification rate constant increase to the maximum value at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L before decreasing. Temperature increase benefits the emulsification rate and the activation energy of the emulsification process is 40.28 kJ/mol. Higher pH and stirring speed indicate faster emulsification rate. The heterogeneity of emulsions limits the accuracy of dynamic characterization of the emulsification process and the determination method of emulsification rate has always been controversial. The conductivity method we proposed can effectively evaluates the emulsification kinetics. This paper provides theoretical guidance for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism and application of cold recovery technology for heavy oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chengdi Sun
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, China
| | - Zengmin Lun
- Experimental Research Center, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingxuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Pujiang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
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5
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Abdullah MS, Al-Lohedan HA, Al-Maswari BM. One-Pot Synthesis of Amphipathic Esters for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16842-16850. [PMID: 38617663 PMCID: PMC11007694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The current work aims to synthesize new amphipathic compounds, TGHA and PGHA, and investigate their demulsification performance (DP) in water-in-crude oil emulsions. Their chemical structures, thermal stability, interfacial activity, and micelle formation were investigated by different techniques. The bottle test method was used to investigate the effect of demulsifier concentration, water content, temperature, and demulsification time (DT) on the DP of TGHA and PGHA compared to a commercial demulsifier (CD). The results indicated that these parameters have a noticeable impact on the DP of TGHA and PGHA. The results also showed that TGHA exhibited higher DP than PGHA at all investigated parameters, which could be explained by increasing its hydrophobicity due to lower oxyethylene units in its structure than PGHA. An increase in these units means increased hydrophilicity, which led to obstruction of PGHA molecule diffusion in crude oil as a continuous phase. Moreover, TGHA gave a comparable DP with CD, as it gave a higher DP and shorter DT than CD at a higher water content (50%), while the latter achieved the highest DP and the shortest DT at a low water content (10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood
M. S. Abdullah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Li Z, Huang X, Xu X, Bai Y, Zou C. Unstable Coalescence Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Heterogeneous Oil Droplets. Molecules 2024; 29:1582. [PMID: 38611861 PMCID: PMC11013347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of a surfactant solution during oil and gas field development might improve the recovery rate of oil reservoirs. However, the serious emulsification of the produced liquid will bring challenges to the subsequent treatment process and storage and transportation. It is urgent to understand the coalescence mechanism of crude oil under the action of surfactant solution. This research investigates the coalescence mechanism of numerous oil droplets under liquid flow perturbation. The model was established to study the coalescence process of multiple oil droplets. The effects of the number of oil droplets under homogeneous conditions, the size of oil droplets, and the distance between oil droplets under non-homogeneous conditions on the coalescence process were analyzed. Meanwhile, the change rules of the completion time of oil droplet coalescence were drawn. The results show that the smaller the size of individual oil droplets under non-homogeneous conditions, the longer the coalescence completion time is, and when the size of individual oil droplets reaches the nanometer scale, the time for coalescence of oil droplets is dramatically prolonged. Compared to static circumstances, the time it takes for oil droplets to coalesce is somewhat shorter under gravity. In the fluid flow process, in the laminar flow zone, the coalescence time of oil droplets decreases with the increase of the liquid flow rate. However, in the turbulent flow zone, the coalescence time of oil droplets increases with the increase in the liquid flow rate. The coalescence time is in the range of 600~1000 ms in the flow rate of 0.05~0.2 m/s. In the presence of surfactants, the oil content in the emulsion system increases under the influence of pumping flow. The change in oil content rate with various surfactants is less impacted by flow rate, owing to the stable emulsion structure created by the extracted fluid within the reservoir. The study findings presented in this research provide technical assistance for effective crude oil storage and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Li
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China; (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiayi Huang
- No. 9 Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163318, China;
| | - Xuenan Xu
- Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute, Petrochina Liaohe Oilfield Limited Company, Panjin 124010, China;
| | - Yujie Bai
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China; (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Che Zou
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China; (Z.L.); (C.Z.)
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7
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Sadighian H, Mohamadnia Z, Ahmadi E. Nanomagnetic Cyclodextrin decorated with ionic liquid as green and reversible Demulsifier for breaking of crude oil emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121697. [PMID: 38171665 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Application of the chemical demulsifiers is the best choice for breaking the water in crude oil (W/O) emulsions in the petroleum industry. Here, novel, environmentally friendly, efficient, and easily reusable Fe3O4 nanomagnetic compounds based on imidazolium-decorated cyclodextrin were successfully synthesized and applied to demulsify the water in crude oil (W/O) emulsions. At first, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were decorated with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to prepare Fe3O4@β-CD@IL magnetic nanoparticles. Then, imidazole (Im) was separately reacted with 1-bromohexane and 1-bromodecane to prepare [Im-C6][Br] and [Im-C10][Br] ionic liquids, respectively. The prepared imidazolium-based ionic liquids were reacted with N-propyltriethoxysilane to synthesize [ImSi-C6][Br] and [ImSi-C10][Br]. Finally, [ImSi-Cn][Br] was immobilized on Fe3O4@β-CD to obtain nanomagnetic demulsifiers. Structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using different methods such as FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. TGA, VSM, and FESEM methods were used to investigate the thermal stability, magnetic properties, and the morphology, respectively. Fe3O4@βCD and Fe3O4@βCD@[ImSi-C10][Br] nanoparticles respectively showed the particle size in the range of 40-70 nm and 50-80 nm. After grafting the imidazolium-based ionic liquid on the surface of support, the magnetization number reduced from 25.6 emu/g for Fe3O4@β-CD to 24.9 emu/g for Fe3O4@β-CD@[ImSi-C10][Br]. Synthesized material employed to break the (10:90 and 30:70 Vol%) W/O emulsions at the concentration range of 1000-5000 ppm. The maximum demulsification efficiency (DE%) of 92 % was obtained using a Fe3O4@β-CD@[ImSi-C10][Br] at 5000 ppm for (30:70 Vol%) W/O emulsion within 24 h. Interfacial tension (IFT) values decreased with increasing the DE%. The Fe3O4@βCD@[ImSi-C10][Br] demulsifier was reused five times with acceptable yields. The cooperation of imidazolium and β-CD in the green nanomagnetic demulsifiers led to the efficient demulsification of the W/O emulsions. The preparation of different ionic liquids or changing the counter anions are our potential future directions for this research. Demulsification at high demulsifier concentration can be considered a limitation of the nanomagnetic cyclodextrin decorated with ionic liquid. But due to the low amount of ionic liquid immobilized in the synthesized demulsifier, the cost of the final demulsifier is lower that other demulsifiers with full ionic liquid backbones, which increases its potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Sadighian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
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8
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Liu S, Yuan Y, Wang L, Yuan S, Yuan S. Molecular Dynamics Study on the Effect of Polyacrylamide on Electric Field Demulsification of Oil-in-Water Emulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2698-2707. [PMID: 38268181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The effect of the water-soluble polymer (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, HPAM) in produced water on the demulsification process of the electric field was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. By comparing the coalescence process of oil droplets in the electric field environment with or without HPAM, we find that HPAM in the water phase can promote the coalescence of nearly oil droplets but hinder the deformation and migration of oil droplets. By analyzing the radial distribution function and interaction energy between molecules, we conclude that the existence of HPAM molecules can reduce the hydrophilicity of other molecules through their strong interaction with water, and sodium ions (Na+) have strong interaction with bound water in the process of breaking away from HPAM, thus leading the movement of water molecules. At the same time, the influence of HPAM molecules located between the two oil droplets on the demulsification process was also studied. The HPAM molecules and sodium ions located between the two oil droplets also affected the coalescence process of oil droplets under an electric field by interacting with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250100, PR China
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yawen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shideng Yuan
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shiling Yuan
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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9
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Qu Z, An C, Yue R, Bi H, Zhao S. Assessment of the infiltration of water-in-oil emulsion into soil after spill incidents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165325. [PMID: 37414189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The issue of inland oil spills exerts an adverse impact on environmental and ecological health. Many cases are concerned with water-in-oil emulsions, especially in the oil production and transport system. To understand the contamination and take an efficient response work after spill, this study investigated the infiltration behavior of water-in-oil emulsions and the influencing factors by measuring the characteristics of different emulsions. The results showed that an increase of water and fine particle content and decrease in temperature would improve the viscosity of emulsions and reduce the infiltration rate, whereas salinity levels had a negligible impact on infiltration if the pour point of emulsion systems was far higher than the freezing point of water droplets. It is worth mentioning that excessive water content at a high temperature may cause demulsification during the infiltration process. The oil concentration in different soil layers was related to the viscosity of emulsion and infiltration depth, and the adopted Green-Ampt model simulated well under low temperature. This study reveals the new features of emulsion infiltration behavior and distribution patterns under different conditions and is helpful for the response work after spill accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Qu
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Rengyu Yue
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Huifang Bi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Abdullah MM, Al-lohedan HA, Faqihi NA. Synthesis and Performance of Two New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22245-22255. [PMID: 37360479 PMCID: PMC10286286 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to synthesize and apply two novel amphiphilic ionic liquids (AILs) for the demulsification of water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions. To do that, 4-tetradecylaniline (TA) and 4-hexylamine (HA) were etherified using tetrethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of bis(2- chloroethoxyethyl)ether (BE) as a cross-linker, yielding corresponding ethoxylated amines TTB and HTB. The obtained ethoxylated amines TTB and HTB were quaternized with acetic acid (AA), obtaining corresponding AILs TTB-AA and HTB-AA. The chemical structures, surface tension (ST), interfacial tension (IFT), and micelle size were investigated with various techniques. The performance of TTB-AA and HTB-AA to demulsify W/O emulsions was investigated using different influencing factors, including the demulsifier concentration, water content, salinity, and pH. Additionally, the obtained results were compared with a commercial demulsifier. The results indicated that the demulsification performance (DP) increased as the demulsifier concentration increased and the water content decreased; however, increased salinity slightly improved the DP. The data also showed that the highest DPs were achieved at a pH of 7, which suggested a change in the chemical structure of these AILs at a lower and higher pH due to their ionic structure. Furthermore, TTB-AA demonstrated higher DP than HTB-AA, which could be explained by its higher ability to reduce IFT due to a longer alkyl chain than that of HTB-AA. Furthermore, TTB-AA and HTB-AA showed significant DP compared to the commercial demulsifier especially with W/O emulsions at low water content.
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11
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Yang J, Zhu X, Ai Z, Leng L, Li H. Deep dewatering of refinery oily sludge by Fenton oxidation and its potential influence on the upgrading of oil phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27773-w. [PMID: 37243768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient dewatering is essential to the reduction and reclamation disposal of oily sludge, which is a waste from the extraction, transportation, and refining of crude oil. How to effectively break the water/oil emulsion is a paramount challenge for dewatering of oily sludge. In this work, a Fenton oxidation approach was adopted for the dewatering of oily sludge. The results show that the oxidizing free radicals originated from Fenton agent effectively tailored the native petroleum hydrocarbon compounds into smaller organic molecules, hence destructing the colloidal structure of oily sludge and decreasing the viscosity as well. Meanwhile, the zeta potential of oily sludge was increased, implying the decrease of repulsive electrostatic force to realize easy coalescence of water droplets. Thus, the steric and electrostatic barriers which restrained the coalescence of dispersed water droplets in water/oil emulsion were removed. With these advantages, the Fenton oxidation approach derived the significant decrease of water content, in which 0.294 kg water was removed from per kilogram oily sludge under the optimal operation condition (i.e., pH value of 3, solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, Fe2+ concentration of 0.4 g/L and H2O2/Fe2+ ratio of 10:1, and reaction temperature of 50 °C). In addition, the quality of oil phase was upgraded after Fenton oxidation treatment accompanying with the degradation of native organic substances in oily sludge, and the heating value of oily sludge was increased from 8680 to 9260 kJ·kg-1, which would facilitate to the subsequent thermal conversion like pyrolysis or incineration. Such results demonstrate that the Fenton oxidation approach is efficient for the dewatering as well as the upgrading of oily sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zejian Ai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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12
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Sadighian H, Mohamadnia Z, Ahmadi E. Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions Using Versatile and Eco-Friendly Demulsifiers Based on Cellulose Decorated with Imidazolium-Bearing Triazole Moiety. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37227803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water in the crude oil forms emulsions that must be broken before refining processes. Here, the novel and versatile derivatives of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) containing triazole moiety [SIm-TazCn][Br] were synthesized via click chemistry and then grafted onto the cellulose (CEL) to prepare eco-friendly demulsifiers for breaking water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. The prepared compounds with two kinds of alkyl chains named CEL[SIm-TazC6][Br] and CEL[SIm-TazC10][Br] were characterized and employed for demulsifying W/O (30:70 and 50:50 vol %) emulsions. Also, the effect of the type and concentration of each demulsifier on the phase separation and dehydration efficiency (DE) were investigated through the bottle test. According to the bottle test results, the CEL[SIm-TazC6][Br] derivative at 4000 ppm showed a good DE of 79% after 5 min, which increased to 82% after 24 h. The interfacial tension (IFT) of derivatives at different concentrations was measured. The minimum IFT value of 16.3 mN/m was obtained for CEL[SIm-TazC6][Br] with a shorter alkyl chain at 4000 ppm after 24 h. The green and efficient CEL-based surfactants significantly demulsified the W/O emulsions because of the collaboration between imidazolium and triazole moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Sadighian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313 Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313 Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
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13
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Ma W, Zhang S, Deng L, Zhong D, Li K, Liu X, Li J, Zhang J, Ma J. Cu-based perovskite as a novel CWPO catalyst for petroleum refining wastewater treatment: Performance, toxicity and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130824. [PMID: 36764249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, Cu-based perovskite oxides were used as catalysts to treat highly toxic and refractory petroleum refining wastewater based on catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) technology. Perovskite La2CuO4 was synthesized by sol-gel method. A series of characterizations showed that the synthesized catalyst particles are tetragonal phase perovskite structure. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of catalyst dosage of 0.75 g, temperature of 100 ℃ and reaction time of 30 min, the COD removal rate was 89.58 %, the TOC removal rate was 87.38 %. The morphology and structure of the catalyst before and after the reaction proved that the catalyst has strong stability and catalytic activity. The components of raw water, Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) effluent and CWPO effluent were compared and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the possible mechanism and path of WAO and CWPO degradation of petroleum refining wastewater were further explored. The changes of Cu components in La2CuO4 before and after CWPO reaction and the transformation of lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The involvement of Cu (Ⅱ) /Cu (Ⅰ) in the activation of H2O2 was speculated. Finally, the biotoxicity of raw water, WAO effluent and CWPO effluent was predicted. The results provide reference value for the application of catalyst La2CuO4 in various petrochemical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Harbin Institute of Technology, National Engineer Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Liming Deng
- Harbin Institute of Technology, National Engineer Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Harbin Institute of Technology, National Engineer Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Kefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Gorp.Ltd, PR China
| | - Jinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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14
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Yeh SL, Koshani R, Sheikhi A. Colloidal aspects of calcium carbonate scaling in water-in-oil emulsions: A fundamental study using droplet-based microfluidics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:536-545. [PMID: 36463822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS As a mainstream process in the extraction and recovery of crude oil, water is injected into reservoirs in the so-called waterflooding process to facilitate the oil displacement through the wellbore, typically generating water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Based on economic considerations, sea water is used in the flooding process; however, the ionic incompatibility between the injected water and the formation water inside the reservoir may precipitate sparingly-soluble inorganic salts (scale). We hypothesize that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale dynamically interacts with cationic surfactants in W/O emulsions, resulting in (i) scale growth retardation and (ii) emulsion destabilization. EXPERIMENTS We developed stable W/O emulsions via combining droplet-based microfluidics with multifactorial optimizations to investigate the influence of emulsion properties, such as surfactant type and concentrations, temperature, and pH, as well as calcium ions on the CaCO3 scaling kinetics and emulsion stability. The CaCO3 scale was characterized based on particle size and charge, lattice structure, interactions with the surfactant, and time-dependent effects on emulsion stability. FINDINGS The interfacial interactions between the cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and CaCO3 retarded scale growth rate, decreased crystal size, and destabilized emulsion within hours as a result of surfactant depletion at the water-oil interface. The surfactant did not affect the crystal structure of scale, which was formed as the most thermodynamically stable crystalline polymorph, calcite, at the ambient condition. This fundamental study may open new opportunities for engineering stable W/O emulsions, e.g., for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and developing scale-resistant multiphase flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lin Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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15
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Hassanshahi N, Hu G, Lee K, Li J. Effect of ultrasonic homogenization on crude oil-water emulsion stability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:211-221. [PMID: 36803402 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2178788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic processing parameters (power and sonication time), emulsion characteristics (water salinity and pH) and their interaction on oil-in-water emulsion stability for Cold Lake Blend (CLB) crude oil. Response surface methodology was used to design experimental runs, in which the parameters were investigated at five levels. Emulsion stability was evaluated by measuring creaming index, emulsion turbidity and microscopic image analysis. The effect of crude oil condition (fresh and weathered) on the emulsion stability was also investigated at the optimum sonication parameters and emulsion characteristics. The optimum condition was found at a power level of 76-80 W, sonication time of 16 mins, water salinity of 15 g/L NaCl, and pH of 8.3. Increasing sonication time beyond the optimum value had adverse effect on the emulsion stability. High water salinity (> 20 g/L NaCl) and pH (> 9) decreased the emulsion stability. These adverse effects intensified at higher power levels (> 80-87 W) and longer sonication times (> 16 mins). Interaction of parameters showed that the required energy to generate stable emulsion was within 60 - 70 kJ. Emulsion with fresh crude oil was more stable than those generated with the weathered oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hassanshahi
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guangji Hu
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jianbing Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Ezzat A, Al-Lohedan HA, Tawfeek AM, Faqihi NA. One-Step Synthesis of New Amphiphilic Nonionic Surfactants Based on Alkylamine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethacrylate for Demulsification of Arabian Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6030-6039. [PMID: 36816702 PMCID: PMC9933207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
New non-ionic surfactants based on alkylamine and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate were synthesized by one-step Aza-Michael addition reaction. The surfactants' chemical compositions, surface and interfacial activities, micellization, and zeta potential were characterized. Their surface and interfacial activities recommended the application as demulsifiers for water in Arabian heavy oil emulsions (w/o). The demulsification of this type of emulsion has attracted researchers' attention because of its high stability with water droplets in the microscale. The outcome of using the prepared surfactants showed high performance as emulsion breakers, as the demulsification efficiency reached 100% for w/o emulsions with different water to oil ratios (50:50, 30:70, and 10:90).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman
O. Ezzat
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Tawfeek
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noorah A. Faqihi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Demulsification of asphaltene stabilized crude oil emulsions by biodegradable ethylcellulose polymers with varying viscosities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1090. [PMID: 36658191 PMCID: PMC9852234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient demulsifiers for fast demulsification of asphaltene stabilized crude oil emulsions are currently in high demand. In this work, we evaluated the demulsification potential of ethyl cellulose (EC) demulsifiers with varying viscosities-4 cp, 22 cp, and 100 cp, designated as EC-4, EC-22, and EC-100. Demulsifcation efficiency (DE) of these demulsifiers to remove water from emulsions produced from distilled water, seawater, and different salts (NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2) solution were assessed using the bottle test technique at ambient and elevated temperatures (25 °C and 90 °C). The bottle test outcomes showed that EC-4 and EC-22 had better performance at the ambient conditions to demulsify the emulsions formed from distilled water with %DE of 85.71% and 28.57%, respectively, while EC-100 achieved 3.9% water removal owing to its high viscosity which inhibited its adsorption at the oil-water interface. At demulsification temperature (90 °C) under the emulsions from distilled water, the %DE of EC-4, EC-22, and EC-100 was 99.23%, 58.57%, and 42.85%, respectively. Seawater hastened the demulsification activities of these demulsifiers. Also, these demulsifiers demonstrated excellent demulsification in emulsions from various salts. The demulsification performance of the EC-4 demulsifier in the presence of any of these salts was approximately 98% while MgCl2 and CaCl2 accelerated the water/oil separation performance of EC-22 and EC-100 by promoting their diffusion and adsorption at the interface. Viscosity and shear stress measurements corroborated the results obtained from the bottle tests. Injection of EC demulsifiers led to a reduction in the viscosity and shear stress of the formed emulsion. Reduction in the shear stress and viscosity were highest in EC-4 and lowest in EC-100. Optical microscopic images of emulsion injected with EC-4 demulsifier were analyzed at various periods during viscosity measurements. Based on the optical images obtained at different durations, a demulsification mechanism describing the activity of the EC demulsifier was proposed.
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18
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang Q, Tang Y, Qu Q, Shen L, Mi Y, Yan X. An ionic liquid demulsifier with double cationic centers and multiple hydrophobic chains. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Ghadhban MY, Rashid KT, A AbdulRazak A, Alsalhy QF. Recent progress and future directions of membranes green polymers for oily wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:57-82. [PMID: 36640024 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, modification and application of green polymers such as poly-lactic acid (PLA), chitosan (CS), and cellulose acetate (CA) for oily wastewater treatment is summed up in this review. Due to the low environmental pollution, good chemical resistivity, high hydrophobicity, and good capacity for water-oil emulsion separation of the presented polymers, it then highlights the various membrane production methods and their role in producing effective membranes, with a focus on recent advances in improving membrane properties through the addition of various Nano materials. As a result, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties that are critical in the oil separation mechanism are highlighted. Finally, it looks at the predictions and challenges in oil/water separation and recovery. These ideas are discussed with a focus on modern production methods and oil separation proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Y Ghadhban
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Al-sinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq E-mail:
| | - Khalid T Rashid
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Al-sinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq E-mail:
| | - Adnan A AbdulRazak
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Al-sinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq E-mail:
| | - Qusay F Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Iraq, Al-sinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq E-mail:
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20
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Li Z, Anankanbil S, Pedersen JN, Nadzieja M, Guo Z. Nanocellulose Fractionated from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Cellulose as An Energy-free Ingredient for Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Yuan H, Ye F, Ai G, Zeng G, Chen L, Shen L, Yang Y, Feng X, Zhang Z, Mi Y. Preparation of an environmentally friendly demulsifier using waste rice husk as raw materials for oil–water emulsion separation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Zaman H, Shah AUHA, Ali N, Zhou C, Khan A, Ali F, Tian CT, Bilal M. Magnetically recoverable poly (methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid)/iron oxide magnetic composites nanomaterials with hydrophilic wettability for efficient oil-water separation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115690. [PMID: 35834853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the environmental and production problems of emulsion, it is important to efficiently separate oil-water emulsion to meet the refinery requirement and clean up oil spills. Synthesis of a universal demulsifier is not an easy task because the physical properties of crude oil vary, which makes its characterization and demulsification procedure difficult. To overcome this problem, hydrophilic and magnetically recoverable poly (methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid)/iron oxide magnetic composite nanoparticles ((P(MMA-AA)/Fe3O4 NPs) were developed as an efficient and economical demulsifier via soap-free emulsion polymerization. To characterize the magnetic composite NPs for their appropriate surface morphology and magnetic domain, TEM, FTIR, VSM, and TGA analyses were carried out. The newly synthesized NPs displayed good hydrophilic properties as they migrated quickly to the aqueous emulsion phase, which was also reassured by their water contact angle of 75°. They exhibit strong magnetic characteristics (20 amu/g) in the oil-water emulsion, makings the hydrophilic wettability capable and attractive to the external magnet. Experimental results revealed that the prepared magnetic composite NPs separated 99% of the water from stable emulsion in 30 min and could be recycled 8 times through magnetic separation. The recycled magnetic composite NPs maintain their hydrophilic wettability and efficiency in separating oil-water emulsion, making them economical and commercially viable. The migration of magnetic composite NPs to the aqueous phase in the stable emulsion with a strong magnetic domain explains the coalescence of emulsified water droplets and their quick separation from the stable emulsions through the external magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul Haq Ali Shah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Cao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Chen Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
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23
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Hassanshahi N, Hu G, Li J. Investigation of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate in Demulsifying Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33397-33407. [PMID: 36157775 PMCID: PMC9494675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the performance of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), a double-chain anionic surfactant, in breaking crude oil-in-water emulsions. The response surface methodology was used to consider the effect of the DSS concentration, oil concentration, and shaking time on demulsification efficiency and obtain optimum demulsification conditions. Further single-factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of salinity, crude oil conditions (fresh and weathered), and gravity separation settling time. The results showed that DSS efficiently demulsified stable emulsions under different oil concentrations (500-3000 mg/L) within 15 min shaking time. Increasing DSS concentration to 900 mg/L (critical micelle concentration) increased the demulsification efficiency to 99%. DSS not only improved the demulsification efficiency but also did not impede the demulsifier interfacial adsorption at the oil-water interface due to the presence of the double-chain structure. The low molecular weight enables the homogeneous distribution of DSS molecules in the emulsion, leading to a high demulsification efficiency within 15 min. Analysis of variance results indicated the importance of considering the interaction of oil concentration and shaking time in demulsification. DSS could reduce the total extractable petroleum hydrocarbons in the separated water to <10 mg/L without gravity separation and could achieve promising demulsification performance at high salinity (36 g/L) and various concentrations of fresh and weathered oil. The demulsification mechanism was explained by analyzing the microscopic images and the transmittance of the emulsion. DSS could be an efficient double-chain anionic surfactant in demulsifying stable oil-in-water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hassanshahi
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince
George, British Columbia V2N4Z9, Canada
| | - Guangji Hu
- School
of Engineering, University of British Columbia,
Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jianbing Li
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince
George, British Columbia V2N4Z9, Canada
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24
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Yang Y, Jiang X, Liu H, Ai G, Shen L, Feng X, Ye F, Zhang Z, Yuan H, Mi Y. Diethylenetriamine modified biological waste for disposing oily wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113395. [PMID: 35513064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oily wastewater produced in the process of oil extraction has a potential threat to the environment. In this paper, diethylenetriamine was used to modify rice straw powder (RSP) by a solvent-free strategy, and the obtained product (AM-RSP) was utilized to dispose oily wastewater. AM-RSP was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and BET. The factors affecting the demulsification performance (DP) such as dosage, salinity and pH value were detailly investigated. The results indicated that light transmittance (ET) and oil removal rate (ER) of separated water could reach 93.5% and 96.5%, respectively, within 40 min with 150 mg/L of AM-RSP at room temperature. Also, AM-RSP had a good salt resistance. In addition, three-phase contact angle (TCA), formation of interfacial film, interfacial activity, dynamic interfacial tension (IFT), coalescence time of droplets and zeta potential were adopted to probe the demulsification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Xuebin Jiang
- Safety and Environmental Protection Quality Supervision and Testing Research Institute, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd., Guanghan, 618300, PR China
| | - Hanjun Liu
- Safety and Environmental Protection Quality Supervision and Testing Research Institute, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd., Guanghan, 618300, PR China
| | - Guosheng Ai
- Xinjiang Tarim Oilfield Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, PR China
| | - Liwei Shen
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Xuening Feng
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Fan Ye
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Huaikui Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Mi
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, PR China.
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25
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Adeyemi I, Meribout M, Khezzar L, Kharoua N, AlHammadi K. Numerical assessment of ultrasound supported coalescence of water droplets in crude oil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106085. [PMID: 35779430 PMCID: PMC9253843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a numerical assessment of the coalescence of binary water droplets in water-in-oil emulsion was conducted. The investigation addressed the effect of various parameters on the acoustic pressure and coalescence time of water droplets in oil phase. These include transducer material, initial droplet diameter (0.05-0.2 in), interfacial tension (0.012-0.082 N/m), dynamic viscosity (10.6-530 mPas), temperature (20-100 °C), US (ultra sound) frequency (26.04-43.53 kHz) and transducer power (2.5-40 W). The materials assessed are lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum nitride (AlN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and barium titanate (BaTiO3). The numerical simulation of the binary droplet coalescence showed good agreement with experimental data in the literature. The US implementation at a fixed frequency produced enhanced coalescence (t = 5.9-8.5 ms) as compared to gravitational settling (t = 9.8 ms). At different ultrasound (US) frequencies and transducer materials, variation in the acoustic pressure distribution was observed. Possible attenuation of the US waves, and the subsequent inhibitive coalescence effect under various US frequencies and viscosities, were discussed. Moreover, the results showed that the coalescence time reduced across the range of interfacial tensions which was considered. This reduction can be attributed to the fact that lower interfacial tension produces emulsions which are relatively more stable. Hence, at lower interface tension between the water and crude oil, there was more resistance to the coalescence of the water droplets due to their improved emulsion stability. The increment of the Weber number at higher droplet sizes leads to a delay in the recovery of the droplet to spherical forms after their starting deformation. These findings provide significant insights that could aid further developments in demulsification of crude oil emulsions under varying US and emulsion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud Meribout
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lyes Khezzar
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Nabil Kharoua
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Khalid AlHammadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Perrin L, Desobry-Banon S, Gillet G, Desobry S. Review of High-Frequency Ultrasounds Emulsification Methods and Oil/Water Interfacial Organization in Absence of any Kind of Stabilizer. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152194. [PMID: 35892779 PMCID: PMC9331899 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emulsions are multiphasic systems composed of at least two immiscible phases. Emulsion formulation can be made by numerous processes such as low-frequency ultrasounds, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, as well as membrane emulsification. These processes often need emulsifiers’ presence to help formulate emulsions and to stabilize them over time. However, certain emulsifiers, especially chemical stabilizers, are less and less desired in products because of their negative environment and health impacts. Thus, to avoid them, promising processes using high-frequency ultrasounds were developed to formulate and stabilize emulsifier-free emulsions. High-frequency ultrasounds are ultrasounds having frequency greater than 100 kHz. Until now, emulsifier-free emulsions’ stability is not fully understood. Some authors suppose that stability is obtained through hydroxide ions’ organization at the hydrophobic/water interfaces, which have been mainly demonstrated by macroscopic studies. Whereas other authors, using microscopic studies, or simulation studies, suppose that the hydrophobic/water interfaces would be rather stabilized thanks to hydronium ions. These theories are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Perrin
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
- SAS GENIALIS, Route d’Achères, 18250 Henrichemont, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylvie Desobry-Banon
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Stephane Desobry
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, CEDEX, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (S.D.-B.); (S.D.)
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Narayan Thorat B, Kumar Sonwani R. Current technologies and future perspectives for the treatment of complex petroleum refinery wastewater: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127263. [PMID: 35526717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, sulphides, ammonia, oils, suspended and dissolved solids, and heavy metals. As these pollutants are toxic and recalcitrant, it is essential to address the above issue with efficient, economical, and eco-friendly technologies. In this review, initially, an overview of the characteristics of wastewater discharged from different petroleum refinery units is discussed. Further, various pre-treatment and post-treatment strategies for complex PRW are introduced. A segregated approach has been proposed to treat the crude desalting, sour, spent caustic, and oily wastewater of petroleum refineries. The combined systems (e.g., ozonation + moving bed biofilm reactor and photocatalysis + packed bed biofilm reactor) for the treatment of low biodegradability index wastewater (BOD5/COD < 0.2) were discussed to construct a perspective map and implement the proposed system efficiently. The economic, toxicity, and biodegradability aspects are also introduced, along with research gaps and future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Narayan Thorat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530003, India.
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28
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Faqihi NA, M.S. Abdullah M, Al‐Lohedan HA, Almarhoon ZM, Mohammad F. Synthesis, characterization, and application of two new ionic liquids for the dehydration of heavy crude oil emulsions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Al Rasbi AWYA, Devi MG, Chandrasekhar G. Synthesis and application of silica and calcium carbonate nanoparticles in the reduction of organics from refinery wastewater. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Microfluidic preparation of monodisperse hollow polyacrylonitrile microspheres for ICF. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Mérai L, Deák Á, Dékány I, Janovák L. Fundamentals and utilization of solid/ liquid phase boundary interactions on functional surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102657. [PMID: 35364433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of macroscopic solid surfaces or dispersed nano- and bioparticles towards liquids plays a key role in many areas from fluid transport to interactions of the cells with phase boundaries. Forces between solid interfaces in water become especially important when the surface texture or particles are in the colloidal size range. Although, solid-liquid interactions are still prioritized subjects of materials science and therefore are extensively studied, the related literature still lacks in conclusive approaches, which involve as much information on fundamental aspects as on recent experimental findings related to influencing the wetting and other wetting-related properties and applications of different surfaces. The aim of this review is to fill this gap by shedding light on the mechanism-of-action and design principles of different, state-of-the-art functional macroscopic surfaces, ranging from self-cleaning, photoreactive or antimicrobial coatings to emulsion separation membranes, as these surfaces are gaining distinguished attention during the ongoing global environmental and epidemic crises. As there are increasing numbers of examples for stimulus-responsive surfaces and their interactions with liquids in the literature, as well, this overview also covers different external stimulus-responsive systems, regarding their mechanistic principles and application possibilities.
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32
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Freshly Milled Quartz Particles Obtained from River Sand as an Efficient Natural Demulsifier for Crude Oil Emulsions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Saline water necessarily contained in crude oil forms complex and stable water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions with oil. Due to the negative impact of this emulsion on the oil’s transportation and refining, special materials are added to help break the emulsion and separate water. Herein, a comparative study of the demulsifying ability concerning w/o emulsion of the original and freshly milled quartz (FMQ) particles isolated from river sand was carried out. The effect of quartz with a mesh size of 75 μm on reducing emulsion stability was investigated using rheological measurements, interfacial tension measurements, demulsification tests, as well as routine methods for characterizing solid and liquid materials. With the addition of 3 wt% FMQ, 97% demulsification efficiency was achieved after 100 min of settling, against 140 min for the original quartz. The role of milling quartz is to increase the ability of water to adhere and thus locally increase the pH value; this results in a reduction in the stability of the emulsion and its destruction. The prolonging effect of quartz milling lasted about 2.5–3.0 h, after which the demulsifying ability of milled quartz became comparable to that of the starting material.
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33
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Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Tade MO, Ali HA, Alao KT. Demulsifier: An Important Agent in Breaking Crude Oil Emulsions. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Ruth Alara
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Pahang Malaysia
| | - Nour Hamid Abdurahman
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Pahang Malaysia
| | - Moses Oludayo Tade
- Curtin University Department of Chemical Engineering GPO Box U1987 6845 Perth WA Australia
| | - Hassan Alsaggaf Ali
- Eastern Unity Technology Suite 01, 12th Floor Plaza, 138 Annex Hotel Maya, Jalan Ampang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kehinde Temitope Alao
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Pahang Malaysia
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34
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Díaz Velázquez H, Guzmán-Lucero D, Martínez-Palou R. Microwave-assisted demulsification for oilfield applications: a critical review. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2049293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Díaz Velázquez
- Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos. Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Guzmán-Lucero
- Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos. Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Martínez-Palou
- Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos. Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Mexico City, Mexico
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35
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Sharifzadeh E, Ader F. A Multi-Step model to predict the size of stabilized oil droplets in pickering emulsions containing janus and non-janus nanoparticles. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2050254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Sharifzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Polymer Research Division, Advanced Chemical Engineering Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fiona Ader
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Polymer Research Division, Advanced Chemical Engineering Research Center, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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36
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Faisal W, Almomani F. A critical review of the development and demulsification processes applied for oil recovery from oil in water emulsions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133099. [PMID: 34848221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stable emulsions is a fundamental problem in oil industry that can result in a sequence of environmental and operational problems. Chemical demulsification is extensively applied for the recovery of oil from water as well as water from oil. This review introduces different chemical demulsifiers applied for the demulsification and recovery of oil from oil in water (O/W) emulsions. Main types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionics and amphoteric) involved in the formation of emulsions and enhances their stability were discussed. Promising demulsifiers such as nanoparticle (NP), hyperbranched polymers, and ionic liquids (IL), which achieved high oil recovery rate, parameters influencing demulsification efficiency and demulsification mechanisms were explored. Lastly, improvements, challenges, and new changes being made to chemical demulsifiers were underlined. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and hyperbranched polymers were very effective in recovering oil from O/W emulsions with an efficiency >95%. Polymers with highly hydrophilic content and high molecular weight can achieve excellent oil recovery rates due to higher interfacial activity, higher dispersion, and presence of specific functional groups. Although ionic liquids could achieve oil recovery up to 90%, high cost limits their applications. NPs showed excellent oil recovery behavior at low concentrations and ambient temperature. Demulsification efficiency of NPs can be enhanced by functionalize with other components (e.g., polymers and surfactants), while service life can be extend by silica coating. Future challenges include scaling up the use of NPs in oil recovery process and highlighting contrasts between lab-scale and field-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamda Faisal
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fares Almomani
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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37
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Preparation of a demulsifier using rice straw as raw materials via a simple acid treatment process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Petroleum products are hazardous both for humans and nature. Diesel oil is one of the main contaminants of land but also of sea, during its transportation. Currently, there are many different clean-up techniques for petroleum products. One of the most common is adsorption by adsorbent materials. Although adsorption is an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach, it lacks efficiency. The present study investigates the performance of low-cost activated carbon, derived from potato peels and activated under different temperature conditions, from 350 °C to 800 °C. The yield of activated carbon decreases with the increase in the carbonization temperature. However, the sample prepared at 600 °C shows an oil sorption capacity of 72 g/g, which is the highest of all samples. Nitrogen adsorption characterization reveals that this specific sample has the highest specific surface (SSA) area of 1052 m2/g and total a pore volume of 2.959 cm3/g, corresponding to a 94% and 77% increase compared to the sample prepared at 350 °C. Oil sorption kinetics experiments show that, for all samples, the maximum uptake is reached after 1h. Oil uptake was also investigated under realistic conditions by introducing the best performance activated carbon to an oil/seawater system, and the outcome does not show a significant decrease in the oil sorption. The outcomes of this study indicate that low-cost adsorbents from agricultural by-products have strong potential as an oil spill response technique.
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39
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Zaulkiflee ND, Ahmad AL, Che Lah NF, Shah Buddin MMH. Removal of emerging contaminants by emulsion liquid membrane: perspective and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12997-13023. [PMID: 35048340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) originated from different agricultural, biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors have been detected in our water sources for many years. Several technologies are employed to minimise EC content in the aqueous phase, including solvent extraction processes, but there is not a solution commonly accepted yet. One of the studied alternatives is based on separation processes of emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) that benefit low solvent inventory and energy needs. However, a better understanding of the process and factors influencing the operating conditions and the emulsion stability of the extraction/stripping process is crucial to enhancing ELM's performance. This article aims to describe the applications of this technique for the EC removal and to comprehensively review the ELM properties and characteristics, phase compositions, and process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Dina Zaulkiflee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia.
| | - Nuur Fahanis Che Lah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Meor Muhammad Hafiz Shah Buddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Sousa AM, Matos HA, Pereira MJ. Properties of Crude Oil-in-Water and Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions: A Critical Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Sousa
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique A. Matos
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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41
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Dhandhi Y, Chaudhari RK, Naiya TK. Development in separation of oilfield emulsion toward green technology – A comprehensive review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1995427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dhandhi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| | - Ronak Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Naiya
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
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42
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A Review of the Processes Associated with the Removal of Oil in Water Pollution. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Water plays an essential role in production and refining processes. Many industries that use petrochemicals also require water, especially for cleaning purposes. The wastewaters released by these processes are often rich in petroleum pollutants, which requires significant treatment prior to disposal. The presence of petroleum contaminants in rivers and oceans is a significant threat to human health, as well as to many animal species. A current challenge for most industries and conventional effluent treatment plants is compliance with accepted disposal standards for oil-polluted wastewater. Of particular importance is the processing of dispersed oil in water, as well as oil in water emulsion. Conventional oil and water separation methods for processing oil in water contamination have several technology gaps in terms of applicability and efficiency. The removal and effective processing of dispersed oil and emulsions from oily wastewater is a costly and significant problem. The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the principles associated with oil in water emulsion separation, with the aim of providing a more definitive understanding of the terminology, processes, and methodologies, which will assist the development of a more efficient, innovative and environmentally friendly process for the separation of oily wastewater.
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43
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Abdullah MM, Al-Lohedan HA, Faqihi NA. Efficacy of Curcumin-based amphiphilic ionic liquids towards the demulsification of water-in-heavy crude oil emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Feng K, Gao N, Li W, Dong H, Sun F, He G, Zhou K, Zhao H, Li G. Arrested Coalescence of Ionic Liquid Droplets: A Facile Strategy for Spatially Organized Multicompartment Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104385. [PMID: 34643335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartment assemblies attract much attention for their wide applications. However, the fabrication of multicompartment assemblies usually requires elaborately designed building blocks and careful controlling. The emergence of droplet networks has provided a facile way to construct multiple droplet architectures, which can further be converted to multicompartment assemblies. Herein, the bind motif-free building blocks are presented, which consist of the hydrophobic Tf2 N- -based ionic liquid (IL) dissolving LiTf2 N salt, that can conjugate via arrested coalescence in confined-space templates to form IL droplet networks. Subsequent ultraviolent polymerization generates robust free-standing multicompartment assemblies. The conjugation of building blocks relies not on the peripheral bind motif but on the interfacial instability-induced arrested coalescence, avoiding tedious surface modification and assembly process. By tuning structures of templates and building blocks, multicompartment assemblies with 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures are prepared in a facile and high-throughput way. Importantly, the bottom-up construction enables modular control over the compositions and spatial positions of individual building blocks. Combining with the excellent solvency of ILs, this system can serve as a general platform towards versatile multicompartment architectures. As demonstrations, by tailoring the chambers the multicompartment assemblies can spatiotemporally sense and report the chemical cues and perform various modes of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guokang He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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45
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Novel Bio-Based Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Efficient Demulsification of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206119. [PMID: 34684699 PMCID: PMC8541561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been an increasing trend for the usage of natural products and their derivatives as green and renewable oil-filed chemicals. Use of these compounds or their derivatives contributes to reducing the use of traditional chemicals, and enhances green chemistry principles. Curcumin (CRC) is one of the most popular natural products and is widely available. The green character, antioxidant action, and low cost of CRC prompt its use in several applications. In the present study, Curcumin was used to synthesize two new amphiphilic ionic liquids (AILs) by reacting with 1,3-propanesultone or bromoacetic acid to produce corresponding sulfonic and carboxylic acids, CRC-PS and CRC-BA, respectively. Following this, the formed CRC-PS and CRC-BA were allowed to react with 12-(2-hydroxyethyl)-15-(4-nonylphenoxy)-3,6,9-trioxa-12-azapentadecane-1,14-diol (HNTA) to form corresponding AILs, GCP-IL and GRB-IL, respectively. The chemical structures, surface tension, interfacial tension, and relative solubility number (RSN) of the synthesized AILs were investigated. The efficiency of GCP-IL and GRB-IL to demulsify water in heavy crude oil (W/O) emulsions was also investigated, where we observed that both GCP-IL and GRB-IL served as high-efficiency demulsifiers and the efficiency increased with a decreased ratio of water in W/O emulsion. Moreover, the data showed an increased efficiency of these AILs with an increased concentration. Among the two AILs, under testing conditions, GCP-IL exhibited a higher efficiency, shorter demulsification time, and cleaner demulsified water.
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46
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El-Aziz Mohamed MA, Mahmoud MAA, El Nagy HA. Effect of blending biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on the properties of residual fuel oil: energy saving and the economic cost. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33017-33026. [PMID: 35493590 PMCID: PMC9042195 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mazout properties were improved using ecofriendly ways because of its wide range of applications, abundance and low cost. In this study, the effect of biodiesel blending on the properties of mazout was investigated. Biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oil. The mazout properties such as viscosity and density improved with the increase in volume ratio of biodiesel to mazout. The mazout viscosity decreases with an average value of 12% as the biodiesel is added with a volume ratio of 10%. In contrast, when a 10% volume ratio of the biodiesel is added to mazout, the heating value decreases by 1.5%. Although the calorific value of mazout decreases after the blending process, the blending method is considered a method that saves energy compared to the heating method to reduce the viscosity. The cost of improved mazout depends on the cost of biodiesel production. The more the cost of biodiesel production approaches the cost of mazout, the more expensive the use of the blending method compared to the heating method. Moreover, the blending method is a very effective method to reduce the percentages of harmful compounds such as sulfur, and the compound percentages that occupy volumetric proportions of fuel such as water content. The mazout properties were improved using ecofriendly ways because of its wide range of applications, abundance and low cost.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa A A Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt +201002375731
| | - H A El Nagy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt +201002375731
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Lewis A, Chen T, Butt FS, Wei X, Radacsi N, Fan X, Huang Y. Facile fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework hollow fibre membranes via a novel scalable continuous fluid circulation process. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14644-14655. [PMID: 34558583 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel continuous fluid circulation system was designed and employed for the impregnation seeding and fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) crystals on the internal surface of polymeric hollow fibre membranes. Application of impregnation seeding has been proven effective to decrease crystal size, consequently increasing surface roughness and wettability of the membrane. Evaluation of the as-synthesised membrane demonstrated excellent separation efficiencies (>99%) of surfactant stabilised oil-in-water emulsions. Owing to the simple impregnation strategy assisted by the continuous fluid circulation, the active ZIF layer formed was visibly thinner and denser than typical seeding techniques, hence a high pure water flux of >1150 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 was achieved. The membranes were highly selective and ultra-permeable to water, however, almost impermeable to oils in a water environment, e.g., n-hexane, n-heptane, chloroform and dichloromethane, as well as their emulsion mixtures, with a separation efficiency higher than 99%. Besides, this new continuous fluid circulation method was also found promising for the synthesis of other types of ZIF on hollow fibre membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allana Lewis
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Fraz Saeed Butt
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Xiuming Wei
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Xianfeng Fan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK.
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Alao KT, Alara OR, Abdurahman NH. Trending approaches on demulsification of crude oil in the petroleum industry. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-021-00280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe complicated nature of crude oil emulsions is part of the major setbacks associated with the postulation of methods for phase separation and demulsification in the oil industry. Despite the increasing efforts in generating efficient and dependable demulsification methods, the majority of emulsions cannot be shattered in reduced times. This review examines the trending techniques of crude oil demulsification in the petroleum industry. Several approaches have been examined to discover the best method of demulsification. Hence, this reports reviewed the past studies on the emulsion, formation of oil emulsions, methods of demulsification, characteristics of demulsifier, mechanism of demulsification, kinetics in demulsification, operating parameters influencing the demulsification processes, the structure of demulsifier, and formulations that are involved in the demulsification. The formulations of crude oil demulsification have been investigated to unveil adequate demulsifiers for crude oil. Therefore, demulsification approaches have several applications due to wider varieties of crude oil, separation equipment, brines, chemical demulsifiers, the method in which demulsifiers is been formulated, and product specifications.
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Wu W, Huang P, Geng S. Application of interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR approach for petroleum sludge treatment technology evaluation and selection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50890-50907. [PMID: 33973115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum sludge is produced during oilfield development and production and can negatively impact the production area and surrounding environment. With increasing attention to the environmental protection of oilfields, finding an energy-efficient, environmentally sound, cost-effective and socially acceptable sludge treatment method is crucial to the sustainable development of oil companies. However, there are several problems in the selection process: ① there is no effective index system for the evaluation of treatment technologies; ② there is data uncertainty and loss of information; ③ experts in the field often make one-sided decisions; and ④ the common decision models fail to balance the general effect and local dominance of a treatment technology. This study is innovative in the following aspects: ① a decision index system of petroleum sludge treatment technology is established; ② the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set effectively managed data uncertainty and loss of information; ③ the redundancy-based expert weighting method is used to avoid one-sided decisions; and ④ using the basic ideas of the VIKOR model to balance the general effect and local dominance of a technology. Example verification proved the effectiveness of this method and a sensitivity analysis showed the results were reliable. Finally, this study compared the results obtained by three other similar methods, and comparative analysis demonstrated that this approach effectively evaluated and selected petroleum sludge treatment technologies. This study improves the rationality of petroleum sludge treatment technology selection and provides a necessary reference for the selection of treatment technology for other petroleum pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Shuai Geng
- School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Malkin AY. Polymer Rheology in the Petroleum Industry. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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