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Aboelnaga A, Ebead EES, Nassar E, Naguib MM, Ismail MF. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel variant heterocyclic compounds based on piperidine ring. Future Med Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39301894 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2385295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work explores the eco-friendly synthesis of various heterocycles from a piperidine-based compound (1) and explore their potential as antitumor agents.Materials & methods: Ultrasonic irradiation was used to synthesize heterocycles like pyridone, thiophene and coumarin, with computational tools analyzing stability and biological interactions.Results: Compounds 9 and 14 exhibit strong cytotoxic activity, surpassing doxorubicin. Compounds 2, 6, 10 and 13 exhibited intermediate activity, while compounds 3, 7 and 12 had minimal effects. Docking studies suggest potential ADORA1 receptor interaction. Computational tools analyze stability and interaction with biological systems, revealing potential antitumor mechanisms.Conclusion: Green synthesis of diverse heterocycles yielded potent antitumor agents (compounds 9 & 14). DFT and Docking studies suggest interaction with ADORA1 receptor, a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Aboelnaga
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Sayed Ebead
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Ekhlass Nassar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Naguib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Shah D, Patel A. Eco-friendly approaches to 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives: A comprehensive review of green synthetic strategies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400185. [PMID: 38877614 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This review article offers an environmentally benign synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, with a focus on sustainable methodologies that have minimal impact on the environment. These derivatives, known for their diverse applications, have conventionally been associated with synthesis methods that utilize hazardous reagents and produce significant waste, thereby raising environmental concerns. The green synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives employs renewable substrates, nontoxic catalysts, and mild reaction conditions, aiming to minimize the environmental impact. Innovative techniques such as catalyst-based, catalyst-free, electrochemical synthesis, green-solvent-mediated synthesis, grinding, microwave-mediated synthesis, and photosynthesis are implemented, providing benefits in terms of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of purification. This review emphasizes the significance of sustainable methodologies in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and boots for continued exploration in this research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drashti Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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3
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Kumar Nandi N, Das S, Choudhary D, Saini S, Bhatia R, Chawla P, Kaur R, Kalra S, Rawat R, Eyupoglu V, Kumar B. Exploration of oxadiazole clubbed benzhydrylpiperazine pharmacophoric features as structural feature for antidepressant activity: In vitro, in vivo and in silico analysis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107148. [PMID: 38306828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Arylpiperazine clubbed various heterocyclic molecules present potential pharmacophoric structural features for the development of psychoactive drugs. There are various CNS active molecules possessing arylpiperazine moiety in their pharmacophore approved by USFDA. In the current study, we have explored the benzhydrylpiperazine moiety clubbed with various substituted oxadiazole moieties (AP1-12) for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition and antidepressant potential. Compounds AP3 and AP12 exhibited highly potent and selective MAO-A inhibition with IC50 values of 1.34 ± 0.93 µM and 1.13 ± 0.54 µM, respectively, and a selectivity index of 10- and 13-folds, respectively. Both the compounds displayed reversible binding character at the active site of MAO-A. In further in vivo evaluation, both the compounds AP3 and AP12 displayed potential antidepressant-like character in FST and TST studies via significantly reduced immobility time in comparison to non-treated animals. These compounds displayed no cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell lines, which indicates that these compounds are safe for further evaluation. In silico studies reveal that synthesized compounds possess drug-likeness with minimal to no toxicity. In silico studies were conducted to understand the binding interactions and stability of compounds at the binding pocket of enzyme and observed that both the best compounds fit well at the active site of MAO-A lined by amino acid residues Tyr69, Asn181, Phe208, Ile335, Leu337, Phe352, and Tyr444 similar to standard MAO-A inhibitor clorgiline. The molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that AP3 and AP12 formed quite a stable complex at the active site of MAO-A and did not break under small abruption forces. The favourable binding interactions and appropriate ADMET properties present the benzhydrylpiperazine clubbed oxadiazole pharmacophoric features as a potential structural skeleton for further clinical evaluation and development of a new antidepressant drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical technology, Meerut institute of engineering and technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250005, India
| | - Shibam Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Saini
- Center for Nano and Material Science, Jain University (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara 562112, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Volkan Eyupoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Cankırı Karatekin University, Cankırı 18100, Turkey
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India; Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttrakhand, India.
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4
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Singh GK, Kumari B, Das N, Zaman K, Prasad P, Singh RB. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and pharmacological evaluation of some thiadiazole based nipecotic acid derivatives as a potential anticonvulsant and antidepressant agents. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38362592 PMCID: PMC10864245 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In our continuous effort to develop novel antiepileptic drug, a new series of nipecotic acid derivatives having1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus were designed and synthesized. This study aims to improve the lipophilicity of nipecotic acid by attaching some lipophilic anchors like thiadiazole and substituted aryl acid derivatives. In our previous study, we noticed that the N-substituted oxadiazole derivative of nipecotic acid exhibited significant antiepileptic activity in the rodent model. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass, and elemental analysis. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by using the maximal electroshock-induced seizure model in rats (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test in mice. None of the compounds were found to be active in the MES model whereas compounds (TN2, TN9, TN12, TN13, and TN15) produced significant protection against the scPTZ-induced seizures model. The compounds showing antiepileptic activity were additionally evaluated for antidepressant activity by using the forced swim test, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head twitch test, and learned helplessness test. All the molecules that showed anticonvulsant activity (TN2, TN9, TN12, TN13, and TN15), also exerted significant antidepressant effects in the animal models. The selected compounds were subjected to different toxicity studies. Compounds were found to have no neurotoxicity in the rota-rod test and devoid of hepatic and renal toxicity in 30 days repeated oral toxicity test. Further, a homology model was developed to perform the in-silico molecular docking and dynamics studies which revealed the similar binding of compound TN9 within the active binding pocket and were found to be the most potent anti-epileptic agent. The market expectation for newly developed antiepileptic thiadiazole-based nipecotic acid derivatives is significant, driven by their potential to offer improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects, addressing a critical need in epilepsy treatment. These innovative compounds hold promise for meeting the demand for more effective and safer antiepileptic medications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03897-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
| | - Bindu Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236 India
| | - Nirupam Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SSMPS, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788151 India
| | - Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Pratibha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand 814142 India
| | - Ravi Bhushan Singh
- Institute of Pharmacy, Harischandra P.G. College, Bawanbeegha, Azamgarh Road, Varanasi, 221002 India
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5
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Gour VK, Yahya S, Shahar Yar M. Unveiling the chemistry of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and thiadiazols: A comprehensive review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300328. [PMID: 37840397 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles are malleable heterocycles that have recently generated major interest in the field of medicinal chemistry. Compounds based on these moieties have versatile biological applications such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant agents. Due to the versatile nature and stability of the oxadiazole and thiadiazole nucleus, medicinal chemists have changed the structural elements of the ring in numerous ways. These compounds have shown significant anticonvulsant effects, demonstrating their potential in the management of epileptic disorders. In this review, we have covered numerous biological pathways and in silico targeted proteins of oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives for treating various biological disorders. The data compiled in this article will be helpful for researchers, research scientists, and research chemists who work in the field of drug discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Gour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaikh Yahya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Fakhrioliaei A, Abedinifar F, Salehi Darjani P, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Larijani B, Ahangar N, Mahdavi M. Hybridization of the effective pharmacophores for treatment of epilepsy: design, synthesis, in vivo anticonvulsant activity, and in silico studies of phenoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-thio-N-phenylacetamid hybrids. BMC Chem 2023; 17:80. [PMID: 37461080 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. The available drugs for this disease only control convulsions in nearly 70% of patients, while bearing many side effects. In this study, a new series of phenoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-thio-N-phenylacetamid hybrids 8a-m was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potent anticonvulsant agents. METHODS Phenoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-thio-N-phenylacetamid derivatives 8a-m were synthesized with well-known chemical reactions and anticonvulsant activity of them was determined by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures in mice. Phenoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-thio-N-phenylacetamid scaffold has the necessary pharmacophores to be a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist, thus, the most potent anticonvulsant compounds were assayed in vivo and in silico as BZD receptor agonist. Furthermore, in vivo neurotoxicity evaluation and in silico physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity study on the most potent compounds were also performed. RESULTS Obtained results demonstrated that two compounds among the title new compounds have anticonvulsant activity in PTZ test while all of the new compounds are active in the MES test. The best anticonvulsant activities were obtained with nitro derivatives 8k and 8L. In vivo evaluation of flumazenil effect (a BZD receptor antagonist) on anticonvulsant activity of compound 8k confirmed that this compound is a BZD receptor agonist. The most potent compounds 8k and 8L interacted with the important residues of BZD-binding site of GABAA receptor. Furthermore, neurotoxicity of the latter compounds was lower than positive control diazepam. CONCLUSION According to these results, our designed scaffold can be a valuable lead structure for further structural developments and assessments to obtain a new potent anticonvulsant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Fakhrioliaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Abedinifar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sahu B, Bhatia R, Kaur D, Choudhary D, Rawat R, Sharma S, Kumar B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxadiazole clubbed piperazine derivatives as potential antidepressant agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106544. [PMID: 37116324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine derivatives have been of great interest to medicinal chemists in the development of antidepressant drugs due to their distinct molecular and structural features along with their pharmacological profile. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of 10 compounds of piperazine clubbed oxadiazole derivatives (5a-j) and screened for their MAO inhibitory activity. Compound 5f and 5 g were found to be the most potent MAO-A inhibitors of the series with IC50 values of 0.96 ± 0.04 µM µM and 0.81 ± 0.03 µM, respectively with a selectivity index of 18-folds and 9-folds over MAO-B isoform. The compounds were found to be reversible inhibitors of MAO-A with no cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The compounds also displayed good antioxidant activity. Further, in vivo TST studies revealed that both the compounds 5f and 5 g possessed good anti-depressant-like activity and reduced the immobility time significantly although were found inactive in FST studies. The molecular docking studies revealed that both compounds fit well at the active site of MAO-A enzyme as similar to clorgyline and form a stable complex. The results were confirmed via molecular dynamic studies which demonstrate the stable complex formation between MAO-A and 5f & 5 g. The appropriate drug-like characteristics with favourable ADMET profile, these molecules presented this piperazine clubbed oxadiazole structural framework as a key pharmacophore for the development of new antidepressant molecules along with strong candidature for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India; Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
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8
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Wang JJ, Sun W, Jia WD, Bian M, Yu LJ. Research progress on the synthesis and pharmacology of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives: a mini review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2304-2319. [PMID: 36000176 PMCID: PMC9423840 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxadiazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole have favourable physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic properties, which significantly increase their pharmacological activity via hydrogen bond interactions with biomacromolecules. In recent years, oxadiazole has been demonstrated to be the biologically active unit in a number of compounds. Oxadiazole derivatives exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. In this paper, we report a series of compounds containing oxadiazole rings that have been published in the last three years only (2020-2022) as there was no report or their activities described in any article in 2019, which will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
| | - Ming Bian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, PR China
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Tok F, Kaya M, Karaca H, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Synthesis of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Karaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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10
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Pal R, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ, Chawla PA. Voltage gated sodium channel inhibitors as anticonvulsant drugs: A systematic review on recent developments and structure activity relationship studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105230. [PMID: 34416507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are one of the vital targets for the management of several central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy, chronic pain, psychiatric disorders, and spasticity. The voltage-gated sodium channels play a key role in controlling cellular excitability. This reduction in excitotoxicity is also applied to improve the symptoms of epileptic conditions. The effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs as sodium channel depends upon the reversible blocking of the spontaneous discharge without blocking its propagation. There are number of antiepileptic drug(s) which are in pipeline to flour the market to conquer abnormal neuronal excitability. They inhibit the seizures through the inhibition of complex voltage- and frequency-dependent ionic currents through sodium channels. Over the past decade, the sodium channel is one of the most explored targets to control or treat the seizure, but there has not been any game-changing discovery yet. Although there are large numbers of drugs approved for the treatment of epilepsy, however they are associated with several acute to chronic side effects. Many research groups have tirelessly worked for better therapeutic medication on this popular target to treat epileptic seizures. The review quotes briefly the developments of the approved examples of sodium channel blockers as anticonvulsant drugs. Medicinal chemists have tried the design and development of some more potent anticonvulsant drugs to minimize the toxicity that are discussed here, and an emphasis is given for their possible mechanism and the structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO620, PC 130 Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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Singh K, Pal R, Khan SA, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Insights into the structure activity relationship of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics for the development of antidepressant compounds: An updated review. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Desai NC, Vaghani HV, Jethawa AM, Khedkar VM. In silico molecular docking studies of oxadiazole and pyrimidine bearing heterocyclic compounds as potential antimicrobial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100134. [PMID: 34169569 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance is a major problem faced by the scientific community. It has created an urgent need to develop antimicrobial agents with novel structures and mechanisms of action. With this aim, a series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing 3,4-dihydropyrimidine heterocyclic motifs 4a-l were designed and synthesized. One-pot Biginelli synthesis is pivotal due to the use of readily available chemicals, shorter reaction time, and ecofriendly synthesis with a good yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were characterized and confirmed by infrared, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The title compounds were screened against Gram-positive and -negative strains of bacteria and fungi using the Mueller-Hinton broth method. Compound 4d was found to be the most promising against Escherichia coli (12.5 µg/ml), whereas the same compound showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Other compounds of the same series, 4c and 4h, displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, results of the antifungal activity tests revealed that compound 4i showed promising activity against all the strains of fungi, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus, at concentrations of 100, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking also showed that these compounds had a significant binding affinity (Glide docking score: -7.74 to -6.531) for DNA gyrase, engaging in a series of bonded and nonbonded interactions with residues lining the active site. The results of molecular docking study validated the experimental findings, thereby providing an initiation mark to optimize this motif using a structure-based drug design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hasit V Vaghani
- Department of Chemistry, Mehsana Urban Institute of Science, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba M Jethawa
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Wang S, Liu H, Lei K, Li G, Li J, Wei Y, Wang X, Liu R. Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives with anticonvulsant activity and their binding to the GABA A receptor. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104182. [PMID: 32890992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized using two experimental models, namely maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), to test the anticonvulsant activity of the target compound in vivo (i.p. in Kunming mice). The neurotoxicity (NT) of the target compound was measured by the rotating rod method (i.p. in Kunming mice). Six compounds with potential activity were selected from the two experimental models to test the 50% effective dose (ED50). In vitro binding experiments with the GABAA receptor were also performed. The results of the pharmacological experiments showed that compound 7-((5-(pentylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (5b) showed the best anticonvulsant activity (MES, ED50 = 10.1 mg/kg; scPTZ, ED50 = 9.3 mg/kg), which was superior to activities shown by carbamazepine and ethosuximide, and it also exhibited the most potent binding affinity to GABAA receptors (IC50 = 0.12 μM). The GABA content in Wistar rat brains (i.p.) was also investigated, and the results showed that compound 5b may have a certain effect on the GABA system, as it increased the GABA concentration in the brain of rats. Molecular docking was used to study the binding mode of compound 5b and the GABAA receptor. Compound 5b showed significant interactions with residues at the benzodiazepines binding site on the GABAA receptor. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were predicted using Discovery Studio 2019 and ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiben Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Kang Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Guangyong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Renmin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
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Wang S, Liu H, Wang X, Lei K, Li G, Li J, Liu R, Quan Z. Synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with anticonvulsant activity and their binding to the GABA A receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112672. [PMID: 32798790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a-s, 10a-s, and 16a-d) were designed and synthesized using maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) models, to test the anticonvulsant activity of the target compounds in vivo. The neurotoxicity (NT) of the target compounds was measured using the rotating rod (ROT) method. Seven compounds with potential activity were selected to test the 50% effective dose (ED50) and 50% toxic dose (TD50). Pharmacological experiments revealed that 6-((5-(pentylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (5b) showed the best anticonvulsant activity (MES, ED50 = 8.9 mg/kg; scPTZ, ED50 = 10.2 mg/kg), which was greater than the activities of carbamazepine and ethosuximide. Compound 5b exhibited the most potent binding affinity toward the GABAA receptor (IC50 = 0.11 μM) in the in vitro binding experiments. Compound 5b displayed significant anxiolytic activity at a low dose (1 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The GABA content in rat brains was also investigated, and the results showed that compound 5b might have affected the GABA system. In our molecular docking experiment, compound 5b showed significant interactions with residues present at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor. The structure and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compound were predicted using Discovery Studio 2019 and ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0. Finally we demonstrated that compound 5b mainly acted on GABAA receptor. Thus the present study has provided potential candidates for further investigation in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiben Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Kang Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Guangyong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Renmin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Zheshan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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A review on the synthesis and applications of molecules as anticonvulsant drug agent candidates. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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