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Huang HS, Chen YH, Chien WT, Yeh MY. Quaternary phosphonium AIEgens nanoparticles as innovative agents for developing latent fingerprints. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1320:343032. [PMID: 39142795 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Quaternary phosphonium salts, a significant category of organophosphorus compounds, have garnered substantial attention from chemists due to their wide range of applications across various research areas. These compounds are utilized in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, natural materials, and coordination chemistry. Their versatility and effectiveness in these fields make them valuable tools in scientific research. Despite their extensive use in various applications, the potential of quaternary phosphonium compounds as fluorescent agents for revealing latent fingerprints (LFPs) remains largely unexplored, presenting an exciting opportunity for further research and development in forensic science. In this study, we designed molecules that combine the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) chromophore with triphenylphosphine to create a series of novel AIE amphiphiles, namely TPP1, TPP2, and TPP3. Through precise adjustment of the carbon chain length between the phenoxy group and the terminal triphenylphosphine, we were able to finely tune the nanostructures and hydrophobicity of the materials. TPP3 emerged as the optimal candidate, possessing the ideal particle size and hydrophobicity to effectively bind to LFPs, thus enabling efficient fingerprint visualization with enhanced fluorescence upon aggregation. Our findings introduce an innovative approach to fingerprint visualization, offering high selectivity, superior imaging of level 3 structures, and long-term effectiveness (up to 30 days). Additionally, TPP3's outstanding performance in imaging level 3 structures of LFPs is beneficial for analyzing incomplete LFPs and identifying individuals. By significantly improving the detection and analysis of LFPs, this approach ensures more accurate and reliable identification, making it invaluable for forensic investigations and security measures. The adaptability of these compounds to various fingerprint surfaces highlights their potential in diverse practical applications, enhancing their utility in both forensic science and security fields. This versatility allows for precise fingerprint visualization across different scenarios, making them a critical tool for advancing biometric and security technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Shin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ting Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China; Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 320314, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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2
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Fouda-Mbanga BG, Pillay K, Tywabi-Ngeva Z. Novel development of zinc oxide-coated carbon nanoparticles from pineapple leaves using sol gel method for optimal adsorption of Cu 2+ and reuse in latent fingerprint application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38801-38820. [PMID: 36811786 PMCID: PMC11186909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study underlines a latest approach of preparing nitrogen carbon nanoparticles fused on zinc oxide nanoparticle nanocomposite (N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite) for the uptake of copper ions (Cu2+) from wastewater using a sol gel method. The metal loaded adsorbent was then applied in the latent fingerprint application. N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite proved to be a good sorbent for the optimal adsorption of Cu2+ at pH 8 and 1.0 g/L dosage. Langmuir isotherm best fitted the process with the maximum adsorption capacity of 285.71 mg/g that was superior to most values reported in other studies for the removal of Cu2+. At 25 °C, the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, Cu2+-N-CNPs/ZnONP nanocomposite revealed to be sensitive and selective for latent fingerprint (LFP) identification on a variety of porous surfaces. As a result, it is an excellent identifying chemical for latent fingerprint recognition in forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kriveshini Pillay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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3
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Al-Ghouti MA, Ashfaq MY, Khan M, Al Disi Z, Da'na DA, Shoshaa R. State-of-the-art adsorption and adsorptive filtration based technologies for the removal of trace elements: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164854. [PMID: 37353014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Water and wastewater are contaminated with various types of trace elements that are released from industrial activities. Their presence, at concentrations above the permissible limit, will cause severe negative impacts on human health and the environment. Due to their cost-effectiveness, simple design, high efficiency, and selectivity, adsorption, and adsorptive filtration are techniques that have received lots of attention as compared to other water treatment techniques. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies help to understand the mechanisms of adsorption and adsorption rates, which can be used to develop and optimize different adsorbents. This state-of-the-art review provides and combines the advancements in different conventional and advanced adsorbents, biosorbents, and adsorptive membranes for the removal of trace elements from water streams. Herein, this review discusses the sources of different trace elements and their impact on human health. The review also covers the adsorption technique with a focus on various advanced adsorbents, their adsorption capacities, and adsorption isotherm modeling in detail. In addition, biosorption is critically discussed together with its mechanisms and biosorption isotherms. In the end, the application of various advanced adsorptive membranes is discussed and their comparison with adsorbents and biosorbents is systematically presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mohammad Y Ashfaq
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Khan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zulfa Al Disi
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dana A Da'na
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rouzan Shoshaa
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Nthwane Y, Fouda-Mbanga BG, Thwala M, Pillay K. Synthesis and Characterization of MC/TiO 2 NPs Nanocomposite for Removal of Pb 2+ and Reuse of Spent Adsorbent for Blood Fingerprint Detection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26725-26738. [PMID: 37546658 PMCID: PMC10399188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of toxic heavy metals from wastewater through the use of novel adsorbents is expensive. The challenge arises after the heavy metal is removed by the adsorbent, and the fate of the adsorbent is not taken care of. This may create secondary pollution. The study aimed to prepare mesoporous carbon (MC) from macadamia nutshells coated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using a hydrothermal method to remove Pb2+ and to test the effectiveness of reusing the lead-loaded spent adsorbent (Pb2+-MC/TiO2 NP nanocomposite) in blood fingerprint detection. The samples were characterized using SEM, which confirmed spherical and flower-like structures of the nanomaterials, whereas TEM confirmed a particle size of 5 nm. The presence of functional groups such as C and Ti and a crystalline size of 4 nm were confirmed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. The surface area of 1283.822 m2/g for the MC/TiO2 NP nanocomposite was examined by BET. The removal of Pb2+ at pH 4 and the dosage of 1.6 g/L with the highest percentage removal of 98% were analyzed by ICP-OES. The Langmuir isotherm model best fit the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the MC/TiO2 NP nanocomposite was 168.919 mg/g. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The ΔH° (-54.783) represented the exothermic nature, and ΔG° (-0.133 to -4.743) indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous. In the blood fingerprint detection, the fingerprint details were more visible after applying the Pb2+-MC/TiO2 NP nanocomposite than before the application. The reuse application experiments showed that the Pb2+-MC/TiO2 NP nanocomposite might be a useful alternative material for blood fingerprint enhancement when applied on nonporous surfaces, eliminating secondary pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne
Boitumelo Nthwane
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Bienvenu Gael Fouda-Mbanga
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Melusi Thwala
- Science
Advisory and Strategic Partnerships, Academy
of Science of South Africa, Pretoria 0040, South Africa
- Department
of Environmental Health, Nelson Mandela
University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Kriveshini Pillay
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Carbon nanosheets coated on zirconium oxide nanoplate nanocomposite for Zn2+ ion adsorption and reuse of spent adsorbent for fingerprint detection. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
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Hydrothermal development of magnetic-hydrochar nanocomposite from pineapple leaves and its performance as an adsorbent for the uptake of Mn2+ and reuse of the metal loaded adsorbent in Latent Fingerprint. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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7
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Huang S, Song Y, Zhang JR, Chen X, Zhu JJ. Antibacterial Carbon Dots-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207385. [PMID: 36799145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to conventionally used antibiotics have highlighted the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents that might replace antibiotics. Currently, nanomaterials hold considerable promise as antimicrobial agents in anti-inflammatory therapy. Due to their distinctive functional physicochemical characteristics and exceptional biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs)-based composites have attracted a lot of attention in the context of these antimicrobial nanomaterials. Here, a thorough assessment of current developments in the field of antimicrobial CDs-based composites is provided, starting with a brief explanation of the general synthesis procedures, categorization, and physicochemical characteristics of CDs-based composites. The many processes driving the antibacterial action of these composites are then thoroughly described, including physical destruction, oxidative stress, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the obstacles that CDs-based composites now suffer in combating infectious diseases are outlined and investigated, along with the potential applications of antimicrobial CDs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Velempini T, Ahamed MEH, Pillay K. Heavy-metal spent adsorbents reuse in catalytic, energy and forensic applications- a new approach in reducing secondary pollution associated with adsorption. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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9
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Nthwane Y, Fouda-Mbanga B, Thwala M, Pillay K. Removal of Cd2+ by N-CNS/ZnO nanocomposite from wastewater and reuse of Cd2+-N-CNS/ZnO in blood fingerprint detection. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Ansari AA, Aldajani KM, AlHazaa AN, Albrithen HA. Recent progress of fluorescent materials for fingermarks detection in forensic science and anti-counterfeiting. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mubarak MF, Selim H, Elshypany R. Hybrid magnetic core-shell TiO 2@CoFe 3O 4 composite towards visible light-driven photodegradation of Methylene blue dye and the heavy metal adsorption: isotherm and kinetic study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:265-280. [PMID: 35669819 PMCID: PMC9163260 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic core-shell TiO2@CoFe3O4 (TCM) composite photocatalytic particles with a core-shell structure were synthesized by the co-precipitation method as a novel catalyst for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation and adsorption efficiency of heavy-metal ion Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Various analytical techniques have verified the formation of the TCM core-shell through TEM, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, PL, and UV analysis. The presence of TiO2 and cobalt magnetite in the TCM core shell is confirmed by XRD analysis. The formation of a homogenous CoFe3O4shell on TiO2 spheres is confirmed by HR-TEM investigation. TiO2 nanoparticle has a rutile structure with an average crystallite size of about 57.44 and a TCM core-shell of about 64.62 nm. From UV and PL studies, it was found that the core shell absorbs the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which improves the effective separation between photo carriers. This study focused on several factors that influence metal ion adsorption, including initial concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time. The TCM nanocomposite successfully separated the heavy metal ion Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, and the model predictions exactly matched the experimental results. For TCM material, the maximum adsorption efficiency for Pb(II) was 33.09 mg/g. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 and TCM is about 12% and 91% after 60 min for MB dye degradation. It was found that TiO2@CoFe3O4 core-shell nanoparticles perform better as photo catalysts than pure TiO2 and CoFe3O4due to their high efficiency and reusability. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that heavy metal adsorption from aqueous solutions could be reused over seven cycles with no adsorption capacity modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F. Mubarak
- Petroleum Application Department, Core Lab Analysis Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr city, Cairo, P.B. 11727 Egypt
| | - Hanaa Selim
- Analysis and Evaluation Department, Central Lab, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr city, Cairo, P.B. 11727 Egypt
| | - Rania Elshypany
- Analysis and Evaluation Department, Central Lab, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr city, Cairo, P.B. 11727 Egypt
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Wang Q, Zhu S, Xi C, Shen Y, Xiang Y, Zhang F. The cross‐linked hyperbranched polyamide‐amines: The preparation and its adsorption for Pb(
II
). J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Sining Zhu
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Chen Xi
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Yongqiang Shen
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Yanhong Xiang
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering Jishou University Jishou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering, Key Laboratory of Mineral Cleaner Production and Exploit of Green Functional Materials in Hunan Province Jishou University Jishou China
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Wu J, Chen G, Jia Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Leblanc RM, Peng Z. Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:843-869. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the synthesis of carbon dot composites and their applications in biomedical fields (bioimaging, drug delivery and biosensing) have been carefully summarized. The current challenges and future trends of CD composites in this field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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Pectin/Activated Carbon-Based Porous Microsphere for Pb 2+ Adsorption: Characterization and Adsorption Behaviour. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152453. [PMID: 34372055 PMCID: PMC8347585 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective heavy metal adsorbents has always been the goal of environmentalists. Pectin/activated carbon microspheres (P/ACs) were prepared through simple gelation without chemical crosslinking and utilized for adsorption of Pb2+. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the addition of activated carbon increased the porosity of the microsphere. Texture profile analysis showed good mechanical strength of P/ACs compared with original pectin microspheres. Kinetic studies found that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate was controlled by film diffusion. Adsorption isotherms were described well by a Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 279.33 mg/g. The P/ACs with the highest activated carbon (P/AC2:3) maintained a removal rate over 95.5% after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum and XPS analysis suggested a potential mechanism of adsorption are ion exchange between Pb2+ and Ca2+, electronic adsorption, formation of complexes, and physical adsorption of P/ACs. All the above results indicated the P/ACs may be a good candidate for the adsorption of Pb2+.
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Shabashini A, Panja SK, Nandi GC. Applications of Carbon Dots (CDs) in Latent Fingerprints Imaging. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1057-1072. [PMID: 33724694 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a new member of the carbon-based material family, possess unique properties, such as high fluorescence, non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, stability and cost-effectiveness. These properties helped CDs to receive tremendous attention in various fields, namely, biological, opto-electronic, bio-imaging and energy-related applications. Although CDs are widely explored in bio-imaging and bio-sensing applications, their effectiveness in forensic science and technology is comparatively new. In this review, applications of CDs pertaining to latent FPs recovery since 2015 to 2020 is summarized comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivalagan Shabashini
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli, Mahuva Road, Surat, 394350, Gujrat, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
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