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Rodrigues JS, de S M de Freitas A, de Lima LF, Lopes HSM, Maciel CC, Fré LVBV, Pires AAF, de Lima VH, Oliveira VJR, de A Olivati C, Ferreira M, Riul A, Botaro VR. Synthesis of lignin-based carbon/graphene oxide foam and its application as sensors for ammonia gas detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131883. [PMID: 38677702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study highlights the integration of lignin with graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) as a significant advancement within the bio-based products industry. Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin is used as a carbon source in polyurethane foams, with the addition of 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % of GO and rGO to produce carbon structures thus producing carbon foams (CFs). Two conversion routes are assessed: (i) direct addition with rGO solution, and (ii) GO reduction by heat treatment. Carbon foams are characterized by thermal, structural, and morphological analysis, alongside an assessment of their electrochemical behavior. The thermal decomposition of samples with GO is like those having rGO, indicating the effective removal of oxygen groups in GO by carbonization. The addition of GO and rGO significantly improved the electrochemical properties of CF, with the GO2% sensors displaying 39 % and 62 % larger electroactive area than control and rGO2% sensors, respectively. Furthermore, there is a significant electron transfer improvement in GO sensors, demonstrating a promising potential for ammonia detection. Detailed structural and performance analysis highlights the significant enhancement in electrochemical properties, paving the way for the development of advanced sensors for gas detection, particularly ammonia, with the prospective market demands for durable, simple, cost-effective, and efficient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S Rodrigues
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de S M de Freitas
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 12231-280 São José do Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F de Lima
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique S M Lopes
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil; Polymer Materials Characterization Laboratory (LCaMP), Technological College of Sorocaba (FATEC), Eng. Carlos Reinaldo Mendes, 2015, 18013-280 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Maciel
- Science and Technology Institute of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lucas V B V Fré
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Ariane A F Pires
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor H de Lima
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius J R Oliveira
- Department of Physics, Paulista State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa de A Olivati
- Department of Physics, Paulista State University (UNESP), 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marystela Ferreira
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Antonio Riul
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Botaro
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
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Yu B, Cheng J, Fang Y, Xie Z, Xiong Q, Zhang H, Shang W, Wurm FR, Liang W, Wei F, Zhao J. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive, Topology-Regulated, and Lignin-Based Nano/Microcapsules from Pickering Emulsion Templates for Bidirectional Delivery of Pesticides. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10031-10044. [PMID: 38547360 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for improving pesticide utilization efficiency has prompted the development of sustainable, targeted, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Herein, a multi-stimuli-responsive nano/microcapsule bidirectional delivery system loaded with pyraclostrobin (Pyr) is prepared through interfacial cross-linking from a lignin-based Pickering emulsion template. During this process, methacrylated alkali lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are utilized as stabilizers for the tunable oil-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion. Subsequently, a thiol-ene radical reaction occurs with the acid-labile cross-linkers at the oil-water interface, leading to the formation of lignin nano/microcapsules (LNCs) with various topological shapes. Through the investigation of the polymerization process and the structure of LNC, it was found that the amphiphilicity-driven diffusion and distribution of cyclohexanone impact the topology of LNC. The obtained Pyr@LNC exhibits high encapsulation efficiency, tunable size, and excellent UV shielding to Pyr. Additionally, the flexible topology of the Pyr@LNC shell enhances the retention and adhesion of the foliar surface. Furthermore, Pyr@LNC exhibits pH/laccase-responsive targeting against Botrytis disease, enabling the intelligent release of Pyr. The in vivo fungicidal activity shows that efficacy of Pyr@LNC is 53% ± 2% at 14 days postspraying, whereas the effectiveness of Pyr suspension concentrate is only 29% ± 4%, and the acute toxicity of Pyr@LNC to zebrafish is reduced by more than 9-fold compared with that of Pyr technical. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that the LNCs can be bidirectionally translocated in plants. Therefore, the topology-regulated bidirectional delivery system LNC has great practical potential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhengang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fanglin Wei
- Zhejiang XinNong Chemical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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Li Z, Qu X, Feng Y, Dong L, Yang Y, Lei T, Ren S. Enzymolytic Lignin-Derived N-S Codoped Porous Carbon Nanocomposites as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7614. [PMID: 38138756 PMCID: PMC10745107 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the development of nonmetallic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts based on heteroatomic-doped carbon materials is receiving increaseing attention in the field of fuel cells. Here, we used enzymolytic lignin (EL), melamine, and thiourea as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sources and NH4Cl as an activator to prepare N- and S-codoped lignin-based polyporous carbon (ELC) by one-step pyrolysis. The prepared lignin-derived biocarbon material (ELC-1-900) possessed a high specific surface area (844 m2 g-1), abundant mesoporous structure, and a large pore volume (0.587 cm3 g-1). The XPS results showed that ELC-1-900 was successfully doped with N and S. ELC-1-900 exhibited extremely high activity and stability in alkaline media for the ORR, with a half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.88 V) and starting potential (Eonset = 0.98 V) superior to those of Pt/C catalysts and most non-noble-metal catalysts reported in recent studies. In addition, ELC-1-900 showed better ORR stability and methanol tolerance in alkaline media than commercial Pt/C catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xia Qu
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lili Dong
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Suxia Ren
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Z.L.); (X.Q.); (Y.F.); (L.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
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Modi S, Okonkwo O, Saha S, Foston MB, Biswas P. Reuse of Lignin to Synthesize High Surface Area Carbon Nanoparticles for Supercapacitors Using a Continuous and Single-Step Aerosol Method. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17048-17057. [PMID: 37594739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the synthesis of high surface area carbons, also known as carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Existing synthesis methods for high surface area carbons have limited environmental benignity and economic viability due to the requirement of multistep and batch processes and harsh activating and/or templating chemicals. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of high surface area CNPs from lignin, a waste byproduct, through a single-step, continuous gas phase aerosol technique without the use of activating or templating chemicals. This continuous approach requires significantly less time for synthesis: on the order of seconds in comparison to hours for conventional methods. Properties of carbon materials synthesized from lignin are controlled by temperature and residence time, and the role of these parameters inside the aerosol reactor on carbon nanoparticle size, morphology, molecular structure, and surface area is systematically investigated. Furthermore, the as-obtained carbon nanoparticles are tested for specific capacitance, and the best-performing material (surface area 925 m2/g) exhibited a specific capacitance of 247 F/g at 0.5 A/g with excellent capacity retainment of over 98% after 10,000 cycles. This is a clear demonstration of their superior performance compared with supercapacitors synthesized earlier from lignin. Overall, the simple (single-step, continuous, and rapid) operation and the avoidance of the use of activating/templating chemicals make the aerosol technique a promising candidate for the scalable and sustainable synthesis of CNPs from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Modi
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Onochie Okonkwo
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Sulay Saha
- Electrochemical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Marcus B Foston
- Bioproducts Engineering Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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Rodrigues JS, de Freitas ADSM, Maciel CC, Guizani C, Rigo D, Ferreira M, Hummel M, Balakshin M, Botaro VR. Selected Kraft lignin fractions as precursor for carbon foam: Structure-performance correlation and electrochemical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124460. [PMID: 37076061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels brings to the fore the need to search for energy efficient strategies. The conversion of lignin into advanced functional carbon-based materials is considered one of the most promising solutions for environmental protection and the use of renewable resources. This study analyzed the structure-performance correlation of carbon foams (CF) when lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins produced with different fractions of kraft lignin (KL) were employed as carbon source, and polyurethane foam (PU) as sacrificial mold. The lignin fractions employed were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in ethyl acetate (LFIns) and fraction of KL soluble in ethyl acetate (LFSol). The produced CFs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, 2D HSQC Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that when LFSol was employed as a partial substitute for phenol in LPF resin synthesis, the final performance of the produced CF was infinitely higher. The improved solubility parameters of LFSol along with the higher S/G ratio and β-O-4/α-OH content after fractionation were the key to produce CF with better carbon yields (54 %). The electrochemical measurements showed that LFSol presented the highest current density (2.11 × 10-4 mA.cm-2) and the lowest value of resistance to charge transfer (0.26 KΩ) in relation to the other samples, indicating that the process of electron transfer was faster in the sensor produced with LFSol. LFSol's potential for application as an electrochemical sensor was tested as a proof of concept and demonstrated excellent selectivity for the detection of hydroquinone in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S Rodrigues
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Amanda De S M de Freitas
- Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 12231-280 São José do Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Maciel
- Science and Technology Institute of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Chamseddine Guizani
- Biorefining Chemistry Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Davide Rigo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Marystela Ferreira
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil; Science and Technology Institute of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R Botaro
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, Brazil
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Li Z, Feng Y, Qu X, Yang Y, Dong L, Lei T, Ren S. Impact of Different Lignin Sources on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon toward the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4383. [PMID: 36901394 PMCID: PMC10002350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an ideal carbon source material, and lignin-based carbon materials have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, and other fields. To investigate the effects of different lignin sources on the performance of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction, different lignin-based nitrogen-doped porous carbon catalysts were prepared using enzymolytic lignin (EL), alkaline lignin (AL) and dealkaline lignin (DL) as carbon sources and melamine as a nitrogen source. The surface functional groups and thermal degradation properties of the three lignin samples were characterized, and the specific surface area, pore distribution, crystal structure, defect degree, N content, and configuration of the prepared carbon-based catalysts were also analyzed. The electrocatalytic results showed that the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance of the three lignin-based carbon catalysts was different, and the catalytic performance of N-DLC was poor, while the electrocatalytic performance of N-ELC was similar to that of N-ALC, both of which were excellent. The half-wave potential (E1/2) of N-ELC was 0.82 V, reaching more than 95% of the catalytic performance of commercial Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.86 V) and proving that EL can be used as an excellent carbon-based electrocatalyst material, similar to AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xia Qu
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lili Dong
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Suxia Ren
- Institute of Urban & Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
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Rois MF, Ramadhani Alya Sasono S, Widiyastuti W, Nurtono T, Setyawan H. High-performance electrocatalyst made from lignosulfonate nanofiber composited with manganese dioxide without carbonation process. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hu ZR, Li DD, Kim TH, Kim MS, Xu T, Ma MG, Choi SE, Si C. Lignin-Based/Polypyrrole Carbon Nanofiber Electrode With Enhanced Electrochemical Properties by Electrospun Method. Front Chem 2022; 10:841956. [PMID: 35211457 PMCID: PMC8861302 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.841956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the structure and properties of lignin is an important step toward electrochemical applications. In this study, lignin/polypyrrole (PPy) composite electrode films with microporous and mesoporous structures were designed effectively by electrostatic spinning, carbonization, and in situ polymerization methods. The lignin can not only reduce the cost of carbon fiber but also increase the specific surface area of composite films due to the removal of carbonyl and phenolic functional groups of lignin during carbonization. Besides, the compact three-dimensional (3D) conductive network structures were constructed with PPy particles densely coated on the lignin nanofibers, which was helpful to improve the conductivity and fast electron transfer during the charging and discharging processes. The synthesized lignin carbon fibers/PPy anode materials had good electrochemical performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that, at a current density of 1 A g−1, the lignin carbon nanofibers/PPy (LCNFs/PPy) had a larger specific capacitance of 213.7 F g−1 than carbon nanofibers (CNFs), lignin carbon nanofibers (LCNFs), and lignin/PPy fiber (LPAN/PPy). In addition, the specific surface area of LCNFs/PPy reached 872.60 m2 g−1 and the average pore size decreased to 2.50 nm after being coated by PPy. Therefore, the independent non-binder and self-supporting conductive film is expected to be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Rui Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ting Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-Guo Ma, ; Sun-Eun Choi, ; Chuanling Si,
| | - Sun-Eun Choi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ming-Guo Ma, ; Sun-Eun Choi, ; Chuanling Si,
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-Guo Ma, ; Sun-Eun Choi, ; Chuanling Si,
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