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Han A, Chang YH. Physicochemical, structural, and in-vitro release properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based cryogel beads incorporating resveratrol-loaded microparticles for colon-targeted delivery system. Food Chem 2024; 457:140153. [PMID: 38908240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical, structural, and in vitro release properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based cryogel beads incorporating resveratrol-loaded microparticles (MP) for colon-targeted delivery system. CMC-based cryogel beads were produced by ionic cross-linking with different concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%) of AlCl3. Based on FE-SEM images, CMC-based cryogel beads showed a smoother surface and more compact internal structure with increasing AlCl3 concentrations, which was proven to be due to the new cross-linking between the -COO- group of CMC and Al3+ by FT-IR analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of the cryogel beads was significantly increased from 79.48% to 85.74% by elevating the concentrations of AlCl3 from 2% to 4%, respectively. In vitro release study showed that all CMC-based cryogel beads had higher stability for resveratrol than MP in simulated gastric conditions and can efficiently deliver resveratrol to colon without the premature release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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M AK, A P S, J S, C SD, P S, Hatamleh AA, Al-Dosary MA, Mani RR, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Pyrolysis behaviour and synergistic effect in co-pyrolysis of wheat straw and polyethylene terephthalate: A study on product distribution and oil characterization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37255. [PMID: 39296210 PMCID: PMC11408041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Renewable lignocellulosic biomass is a favorable energy resource since its co-pyrolysis with hydrogen-rich plastics can produce high-yield and high-quality biofuel. In contrast to earlier co-pyrolysis research that concentrated on increasing product yield, this study comprehends the synergistic effects of two distinct feedstocks that were not considered earlier. This work focuses on co-pyrolyzing wheat straw (WS) with non-reusable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for the production of pyrolysis oil. WS and PET were blended in different ratios (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100), and pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor under different temperatures to assess their synergistic effect on oil yield. Synergy rates of up to 7.78 % were achieved on yield for the blends of plastic and biomass at a temperature of 500 °C. In comparison to individual biomass or plastics, co-pyrolyzing PET-biomass blends demonstrated good process interaction and promoted the yields of value-added products. The heating value of the pyrolysis oils was in the range of 16.45-28.64 MJ/kg, which depends on the amount of plastic present in the feedstock. The physical analysis of the oils shows that they can be used for heat production by direct combustion in boilers or furnaces. The correlation between WS and PET was validated with the aid of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS result demonstrated the presence of different compounds such as O-H compounds, esters, carbonyl group elements, acids, hydrocarbons, aromatics, and nitrogenated compounds in the pyrolysis oil, which differed based on the proportions of PET in the feedstock. The increased hydrocarbon and reduced oxygen percentages in the pyrolysis oil were implicitly caused by enhanced hydrocarbon pool mechanisms, in which the breakdown of PET may be supplied as a hydrogen donor. Overall, waste lignocellulosic biomass and plastics can be used to produce biofuels, which helps reduce the amount of solid waste that ends up in landfills. This study also revealed that future research should be focused on the reaction mechanisms of WS and PET co-pyrolysis in order to examine the synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Kumar M
- Department of Biotechnology, V.S.B Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India, 639111
| | - Swarnalatha A P
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, V.S.B Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, India, 639111
| | - Shwetha J
- Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India, 562159
| | - Sowmya Dhanalakshmi C
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, 641035
| | - Saravanan P
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600044
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, South Korea
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Terry LM, Wee MXJ, Chew JJ, Khaerudini DS, Darsono N, Aqsha A, Saptoro A, Sunarso J. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of oil palm trunk and polypropylene with Ni-Mo/TiO 2 and Ni/Al 2O 3: Oil composition and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115550. [PMID: 36841526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis oil from oil palm biomass can be a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels and the precursor for synthesizing petrochemical products due to its carbon-neutral properties and low sulfur and nitrogen content. This work investigated the effect of applying mesoporous acidic catalysts, Ni-Mo/TiO2 and Ni/Al2O3, in a catalytic co-pyrolysis of oil palm trunk (OPT) and polypropylene (PP) from 500 to 700 °C. The obtained oil yields varied between 12.67 and 19.50 wt.% and 12.33-17.17 wt.% for Ni-Mo/TiO2 and Ni/Al2O3, respectively. The hydrocarbon content in oil significantly increased up to 54.07-58.18% and 37.28-68.77% after adding Ni-Mo/TiO2 and Ni/Al2O3, respectively. The phenolic compounds content was substantially reduced to 8.46-20.16% for Ni-Mo/TiO2 and 2.93-14.56% for Ni/Al2O3. Minor reduction in oxygenated compounds was noticed from catalytic co-pyrolysis, though the parametric effects of temperature and catalyst type remain unclear. The enhanced deoxygenation and cracking of phenolic and oxygenated compounds and the PP decomposition resulted in increased hydrocarbon production in oil during catalytic co-pyrolysis. Catalyst addition also promoted the isomerization and oligomerization reactions, enhancing the formation of cyclic relative to aliphatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Melia Terry
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Melvin Xin Jie Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Jiuan Jing Chew
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Deni Shidqi Khaerudini
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bld. 440 Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nono Darsono
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bld. 440 Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Aqsha Aqsha
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Agus Saptoro
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Co-pyrolysis of oil palm trunk and polypropylene: Pyrolysis oil composition and formation mechanism. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kaushik VS, Dhanalakshmi CS, Madhu P, Tamilselvam P. Co-pyrolysis of neem wood bark and low-density polyethylene: influence of plastic on pyrolysis product distribution and bio-oil characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88213-88223. [PMID: 35831654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the investigation on the effect of plastic during co-pyrolysis with biomass was carried out in a fixed reactor. Pyrolysis of neem wood bark (NB), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and their blends at different ratios was performed in order to evaluate the product distribution. The effects of reaction temperature and NB-to-LDPE blend ratio on product distribution and the chemical compositions of pyrolysis oil were examined. The co-pyrolysis of NB and LDPE increased the yield and quality of the bio-oil. The experiments were conducted under different LDPE addition percentages such as 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%. Under the optimum experimental condition of 60% addition of LDPE and a temperature of 450 °C, the maximum yield of bio-oil (64.8 wt%) and hydrocarbon (75.2%) was achieved with the lowest yield of oxygenated compounds. The calorific value of the co-pyrolysis oil was found to be higher than that of the NB pyrolysis oil. The relationship between NB and LDPE during co-pyrolysis was validated with the help of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which showed decreased oxygenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petchimuthu Madhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641032, India
| | - Palanisamy Tamilselvam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, 641035, Coimbatore, India
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Hikmah Zulkafli A, Hassan H, Azmier Ahmad M, Taufik Mohd Din A, Maryam Wasli S. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics for production of chemicals and liquid fuel: A review on the role of plastics and catalyst types. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Visible-Light-Active Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the Photocatalytic Conversion of Rice Husk Extract to Value-Added Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the major causes of excess CO2 in the atmosphere is the direct burning of biomass waste, which can be obviated by the photocatalytic biomass conversion to useful/valuable chemicals/fuels, a sustainable and renewable approach. The present research work is focused on the development of a novel Zn–Fe LDH by a simple co-precipitation method and its utilization for the photocatalytic conversion of a rice husk extract (extracted from rice husk by means of pyrolysis) to value-added products. The synthesized, pure Zn–Fe LDH was characterized by various analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV–Visible DRS spectroscopy. The rice husk extract was converted in a photocatalytic reactor under irradiation with 75 W white light, and the valued-added chemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It was found that the compounds in the rice husk extract before the photocatalytic reaction were mainly carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, alkanes (in a small amount), aldehydes, ketones, and amines. After the photocatalytic reaction, all the carboxylic acids and phenols were completely converted into alkanes by complex reactions. Hence, photocatalytic biomass conversion of a rice husk extract was successfully carried out in the present experimental work, opening new avenues for the development of related research domains, with a great potential for obtaining an alternate fuel and overcoming environmental pollution.
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Hidalgo Herrador JM, Murat M, Tišler Z, Frątczak J, de Paz Carmona H. Direct Polypropylene and Polyethylene Liquefaction in CO 2 and N 2 Atmospheres Using MgO Light and CaO as Catalysts. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030844. [PMID: 35160789 PMCID: PMC8836839 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polyolefin to lighter molecules reaction reduces the waste-plastic residues to produce fuels and valuable chemicals. Commercial MgO light and CaO were used as catalysts for the direct polyethylene and polypropylene liquefaction in N2 or CO2 atmospheres. The products were analyzed (ATR-FTIR, GC-FID/TCD, GC-FID, density, refractive index). The use of MgO light and CaO improved the conversion of propylene and ethylene to liquid products. In addition, low gaseous and solid products yields were obtained. A good production of organic liquids in the gasoline, diesel and kerosene boiling range was obtained. The use of CO2, in some cases, led to a higher conversion into liquids compared with the reactions performed in the N2 atmosphere. In addition, the use of the CO2 atmosphere led to a higher content of products with a boiling range in the diesel and kerosene ranges.
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