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Artunç T, Çetinkaya Y, Taslimi P, Menzek A. Investigation of cholinesterase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities, and molecular docking and dft studies for 1,2-disubstituted cyclopentane derivatives with phenyl and benzyl units. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10911-y. [PMID: 38976121 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Six known products (4-9) were prepared from reaction of adipoyl chloride with 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene according to the literature. From (2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)(2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)methanone (4) of them, four new 1,2-disubstituted cyclopentane derivatives (10-13) with phenyl and benzyl units were synthesized by reactions such as hydrazonation, catalytic hydrogenation and bromination. The obtained compounds 4-13 were examined for their in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and α-glucosidase enzymes. All compounds 4-13 showed inhibition at nanomolar level with Ki values in the range of 45.53 ± 7.35-631.96 ± 18.88 nM for AChE, 84.30 ± 9.92-622.10 ± 35.14 nM for BChE, and 25.47 ± 4.46-48.87 ± 7.33 for α-Glu. In silico molecular docking studies of the potent compounds were performed in the active sites of AChE (PDB: 1E66), BChE (PDB: 1P0I), and α-glucosidase (PDB: 5ZCC) to compare the effect of bromine atom on the inhibition mechanism. The optimized molecular structures, HOMO-LUMO energies and molecular electrostatic potential maps for the compounds were calculated by using density functional theory with B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekin Artunç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Menzek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, 75002, Ardahan, Turkey.
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2
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Aziza N, Khaydarov K, Zafar M, Alsakkaf WAA, Alkahtani J, Ahmad M, Makhkamov T, Djumayeva Z, Zengin G, Eshboyevich TK, Beilerli A, Gareev I, Ochilov U, Sultanovich IB, Iskandarovna UZ, Wibawa IPAH. Chromatographic authentication of botanical origin: Herbaceous pollen profiling with HPLC, HPTLC and GC-MS analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5852. [PMID: 38382499 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study describes a robust chromatographic authentication methodology for herbaceous pollen, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin liquid chromatography (HPTLC) protocols. The comprehensive profiling of organic compounds not only distinguishes between different botanical sources but also establishes a reliable framework for quality control and assessment of herbaceous pollen authenticity. Traces of quercetin were detectable using HPTLC in Chaenomeles japonica, and the composition of the mobile phase led to distinct phenolic acid tracks in the extracts of free phenolic compounds. In Lonicera nummulariifolia, prominent chlorogenic acid signal and traces of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were identified, along with the presence of vanillic, trans-ferulic, p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic and sinapic as phenolic acid standards. The HPLC chromatogram identified six peaks representing bioactive phenolic compounds such as gallic acid measuring 5.89 ± 0.56 mg g-1, hydroxybenzoic acid 2.39 ± 0.78 mg g-1 and caffeic acid 2.83 ± 0.11 mg g-1. The combined use of GC-MS, HPTLC and HPLC techniques provides a powerful and reliable means of authenticating the botanical origin of herbaceous pollen, offering valuable insights for quality control and ensuring the accuracy of botanical source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozimova Aziza
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waleed A A Alsakkaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- College of Life Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Zamira Djumayeva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Ulugbek Ochilov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | - I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa
- Research Center for Applied Botany, Nasional Research and Innovation Agency BRIN, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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3
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Sadeghi M, Seyedebrahimi S, Ghanadian M, Miroliaei M. Identification of cholinesterases inhibitors from flavonoids derivatives for possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease: In silico and in vitro approaches. Curr Res Struct Biol 2024; 7:100146. [PMID: 38707547 PMCID: PMC11070244 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the methods to prevent the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to prescribe compounds that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Researchers are actively pursuing compounds, particularly of natural origin, that exhibit enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. The inhibition of AChE and BChE using natural flavonoids represents a promising avenue for regulating AD. This study aims to identify alternative flavonoids capable of modulating AD by down-regulating AChE and BChE activity through a molecular docking approach. Molecular docking analysis identified Ginkgetin and Kolaflavanone as potent inhibitors of AChE and BChE, respectively, among the selected flavonoids. Asn87 and Ala127 involved in the interactions of AChE-Ginkgetin complex through conventional hydrogen bonds. While in the BChE-Kolaflavanone complex, Asn83, Ser79, Gln 47, and Ser287 are involved. In vitro analysis further corroborated the inhibitory potential, with Ginkgetin exhibiting an IC50 of 3.2 mM against AChE, and Kolaflavanone displaying an IC50 of 3.6 mM against BChE. These findings underscore the potential of Ginkgetin and Kolaflavanone as candidate inhibitors for the treatment of AD through the inhibition of AChE and BChE enzymes. Nevertheless, additional in vitro and in vivo studies are imperative to validate the efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sadeghi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedehmasoumeh Seyedebrahimi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Miroliaei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Zamira D, Khaydarov K, Zafar M, Ramadan MF, Ahmad M, Aziza N, Ochilov U, Zebiniso U, Farzona D. Comprehensive study of allergenic tree species: Palynological insights enhanced by HPLC and GC-MS profiling. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5774. [PMID: 37972935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country's flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro-echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate-verrucate, and verrucate-scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC-MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1-hexadecyne, 2-chloroethanol, 1,6-heptadiene, 2-methyl-, 5-bromoadamantan-2-one, ethyl 3-(3-pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djumayeva Zamira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nozimova Aziza
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Ochilov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Umurzakova Zebiniso
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Roney M, Dubey A, Issahaku AR, Uddin MN, Tufail A, Wilhelm A, Zamri NB, Aluwi MFFM. Insights from in silico exploration of major curcumin analogs targeting human dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38260948 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to use a variety of in-silico techniques to identify anti-diabetic agents against DPP-IV enzyme from five main curcumin analogues. To produce the successful molecules, five main curcumin analogues were docked into the active site of DPP-IV enzyme. In comparison to the control molecule (Saxagliptin, -6.9 kcal/mol), all the compounds have the highest binding affinity (-7.6 to -7.7 kcal/mol) for the DPP-IV enzyme. These compounds underwent further testing for studies on drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and acute toxicity to see the efficacy and safety of compounds. To assess the stability of the docking complex and the binding posture identified during the docking experiment, our study got THC as the lead compound, which was then exposed to 200 ns of molecular dynamic simulation and PCA analysis. Additionally, DFT calculations were conducted to determine the thermodynamic, molecular orbital, and electrostatic potential characteristics of lead compound. Overall, the lead chemical has shown strong drug-like properties, is non-toxic, and has a sizable affinity for the DPP-IV enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Department of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Normaiza Binti Zamri
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
- Bio Aromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
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6
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Alagöz T, Çalişkan FG, Bilgiçli HG, Zengin M, Sadeghi M, Taslimi P, Gulçin İ. Synthesis, characterization, biochemical, and molecular modeling studies of carvacrol-based new thiosemicarbazide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300370. [PMID: 37743251 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of carvacrol-based thiosemicarbazide (3a-e) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine (4a-e) were designed and synthesized for the first time. The structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectroscopy techniques. All compounds were examined for some metabolic enzyme activities. Results indicated that all the synthetic molecules exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCAI and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes compared to the standard molecules. Ki values of five novel thiosemicarbazides and five new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives (3a-e and 4a-e) for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE enzymes were obtained in the ranges 0.73-21.60, 0.42-15.08 µM, 3.48-81.48, 92.61-211.40 nM, respectively. After the experimental undertaking, an extensive molecular docking analysis was conducted to scrutinize the intricate details of interactions between the ligand and the enzyme in question. The principal focus of this investigation was to appraise the potency and efficacy of the most active compound. In this context, the calculated docking scores were noted to be remarkably low, with values of -8.65, -7.97, -8.92, and -8.32 kcal/mol being recorded for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BChE, respectively. These observations suggest a high affinity and specificity of the studied compounds toward the enzymes, as mentioned earlier, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the activity of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzile Alagöz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Fatma Güneş Çalişkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | | | - Mustafa Zengin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkiye
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
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7
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Gümüş A, Sadeghian N, Sadeghi M, Taslimi P, Gümüş S. Novel triazole bridged quinoline-anthracene derivatives: synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, evaluation of electronic and enzyme inhibitory properties. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37982719 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Two novel quinoline-anthracene conjugates comprising styrylquinoline and anthracene moieties linked by triazole bridges were designed and synthesized in good yields. These molecules were determined for some metabolic enzymes activities. Results indicated that the synthetic molecules exhibited powerful inhibitory actions against all aims as compared to the control molecules. Ki values of novel compound QA-1 for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and α-glycosidase enzymes were obtained of 20.18 ± 2.46 µM, 14.63 ± 1.14 µM, 71.48 ± 7.76 nM, 401.35 ± 36.84 nM, respectively. Both compounds showed promising candidate complexes for drug development with considerable in vitro different enzymes inhibitory activities. The binding conformations patterns and interaction of QA-1 and QA-2 compounds with α-glucosidase, acetycholinesterase, carbonic anhydrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II enzymes were investigated through molecular docking profiles. The docking outputs are consistent with the Ki and IC50 values of novel compounds. Three dimensional geometries and electronic properties of the title compounds were obtained by the applicational computational approach at B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Gümüş
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Nastaran Sadeghian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Gümüş
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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Kumari S, Saini R, Bhatnagar A, Mishra A. Exploring plant-based alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: promising contenders for combatting type-2 diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37767958 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2262167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review aimed to provide comprehensive details on the α-G inhibitory potential of various bioactive compounds derived from natural sources.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases and search engines, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, and PubMed until May, 2023.Results and conclusions: The enzyme alpha-glucosidase (α-G) is found in the brush border epithelium of the small intestine and consists of duplicated glycoside hydrolase (GH31) domain. It involves the conversion of disaccharides and oligosaccharides into monosaccharides by acting on alpha (1 → 4) and (1 → 6) linked glucose residue. Once absorbed, glucose enters the bloodstream and elevates postprandial glucose, which is associated with the development of type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Epidemic obesity, cardiovascular disease, and nephropathy are linked to T2D. Traditional medicinal plants with α-G inhibitory potential are commonly used to treat T2D due to the adverse effects of currently used α-G inhibitors miglitol, acarbose, and voglibose. Various bioactive compounds derived from natural sources, including lupenone, Wilforlide A, Baicalein, Betulinic acid, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, Katononic acid, Carnosol, Hypericin, Astilbin, lupeol, betulonic acid, Fagomine, Lactucaxanthin, Erythritol, GP90-1B, Procyanidins, Galangin, and vomifoliol retain α-G inhibitory potential for regulating hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ravi Saini
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Aditi Bhatnagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Iqbal R, Azhar I, Iqbal MN, Hamid I, Zahoor M, Akhtar MF, Mahmood ZA, Ullah R, Alotaibi A. Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a novel polyherbal formulation comprising of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum extracts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19292. [PMID: 37662785 PMCID: PMC10474433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder. Numerous individual herbs possess anti-diabetic activity. The seeds of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum are traditionally used to manage DM. The ambition of this work was to formulate the poly-herbal granules (PHGs) comprising of these three functional foods and evaluate their in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. The dried seed extracts of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum were used in a ratio of 2.5:1:1 to formulate PHGs by wet granulation method. The ratio of extracts was selected on the basis of traditional phytotherapies popularly used by local Hakeems of Pakistan to achieve glycemic control in diabetic patients resistant to traditional allopathic regime of medicine. The flow properties of developed PHGs were evaluated. The UV-Visible spectroscopic, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and HPLC-DAD of all seed extracts and PHGs were performed. The in-vitro antioxidant DPPH, FRAP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging assays were carried out on PHGs. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity of PHGs was investigated by alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. The developed PHGs exhibited excellent flow properties. The UV-Vis spectra of all seed extracts and PHGs demonstrated peak at 278 nm showing the presence of flavonoids and phenols. The FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of flavonoids, and phenols along with amines in seed extracts as well as PHGs. The HPLC-DAD test revealed the existence of gallic acid, ascorbic acid, Quercetin-3-(caffeoyldiglucoside)-7-glucoside, Rosmarinic acid, delphinidin-3,5-diglucosides, Kaempferol-3-feruloylsophoroside-7-glucoside and Phloroglucinol in PHGs. The PHGs exhibited IC50 of 51.23, 58.57, 55.41 and 53.13 μg/mL in DPPH assay, FRAP assay, TAC, Nitric oxide scavenging assays respectively. The PHGs also demonstrated IC50 of 49.97 and 36.16 μg/mL in alpha-amylase and in alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays respectively in dose dependent manner. The developed PHGs exhibited an excellent flow property. These exhibit significant in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic profile by virtue of flavonoid and phenolic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azhar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Alam Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul rahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Saleem M, Durani AI, Asari A, Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Yousaf N, Muddassar M. Investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial effects of citrus fruits peels extracts using different extracting agents: Phytochemical analysis with in silico studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15433. [PMID: 37113773 PMCID: PMC10126929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The peels extracted from various citrus species are major source of phenols, flavonoids and anti-microbial agents. The purpose of this study was a detailed investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacological character of the ethanolic (80%), methanolic and acetone extracts of the peel of local variants of orange (lemon, grape fruit, mousami, fruiter, and shikri malta). The extracts were studied to find out the total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoids (TF) present. The antioxidant activities were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect, and the reducing power was determined through free radical scavenging activity (FRAP) assays. The sensitivity of four bacterial strains to peels extracts was examined by applying the diffusion disc on agar medium method. It was found that ethanol was the best extracting agent for TPC and TF in fruit peels under study. The highest TPC (21.33 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g) was quantified in orange peels, whereas fruiter contained the lowest TPC (20.40 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) in ethanolic extract. The highest amount of TF (2.02 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) was quantified in lemon peels, whereas shikri malta contained lowest quantity of TF (1.04 ± 0.02 mg QE/g). The highest free radical scavenging activity (93.1%) of DPPH was exhibited by lemon peels, whereas the least activity (78.6%) was shown by mousami peels. Ethanolic extract of orange peels demonstrated more reducing power while showing an absorption of 1.98, followed by methanolic (1.11) and acetone (0.81) extracts. The inhibition effect of methanolic extract of lemon peels (inhibition zone = 18 mm) against B. subtilis was considerable and comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect the compounds in ethanolic extract and up to 14 compounds were detected. These compounds were also assessed for their docking scores. Plausible binding modes with polyphenol oxidase and four best compounds were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze their structural stability with receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asnuzilawati Asari
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numan Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
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Eawsakul K, Ongtanasup T, Ngamdokmai N, Bunluepuech K. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of astilbin contained in Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. stems: an investigation by in silico and in vitro studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36717857 PMCID: PMC9885589 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioactive compounds from traditional medicines are good alternatives to standard diabetes therapies and may lead to new therapeutic discoveries. The stems of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. (BC) have a possible antihyperglycemic effect; However, the extraction of astilbin from BC has never been recorded in alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. METHODS Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 32 compounds were detected in the BC extract. The screening was based on peak area. Seven compounds found. PASS recognized all seven compounds as potential alpha-glucosidase (AG) inhibitors. Astilbin and quercetin 3-rhamnoside were the most likely inhibitors of AG. Arguslab, AutoDock, and AutoDock Vina investigated the binding of the two compounds and AG. The binding stability was confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD). In addition, the optimum solvent extraction was studied via CosmoQuick, and extracts were examined with 1H-NMR prior to testing with AG. RESULTS All three software programs demonstrated that both compounds inhibit AG more effectively than acarbose. According to the sigma profile, THF is recommended for astilbin extraction. The BC extract with THF showed outstanding AG inhibitory action with an IC50 of 158 ± 1.30 µg mL-1, which was much lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 190 ± 6.97 µg mL-1). In addition, astilbin from BC was found to inhibit AG strongly, IC50 = 22.51 ± 0.70 µg mL-1 through the extraction method of large-scale astilbin with THF has the best extraction capacity compared to other solvents, hence the initial stage of extraction employs THF to extract and precipitate them with ethyl acetate and water. CONCLUSION In silico and in vitro studies reveal that astilbin inhibits AG and is superior to acarbose, validating its promise as an AG inhibitor. Overall, astilbin was the most bioactive component of BC for antidiabetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komgrit Eawsakul
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347 Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand ,grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Tassanee Ongtanasup
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347 Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Ngamrayu Ngamdokmai
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347 Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Kingkan Bunluepuech
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347 Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand ,grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Recent Updates on Phytoconstituent Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: An Approach towards the Treatment of Type Two Diabetes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202722. [PMID: 36297746 PMCID: PMC9612090 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder marked by unusually high plasma glucose levels, which can lead to serious consequences such as retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. One of the most efficient ways to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in diabetes mellitus, especially insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, is to lower the amount of glucose that is absorbed by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive system, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase. α-Glucosidase is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the final stage of carbohydrate digestion. As a result, α-glucosidase inhibitors can slow D-glucose release from complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in lower postprandial plasma glucose levels and control of PPHG. Many attempts have been made in recent years to uncover efficient α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources to build a physiologic functional diet or lead compound for diabetes treatment. Many phytoconstituent α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and others. The current review focuses on the most recent updates on different traditional/medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds' biological activity that can help in the development of potent therapeutic medications with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or to avoid PPHG. For this purpose, we provide a summary of the latest scientific literature findings on plant extracts as well as plant-derived bioactive compounds as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors with hypoglycemic effects. Moreover, the review elucidates structural insights of the key drug target, α-glucosidase enzymes, and its interaction with different inhibitors.
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